英語專業(yè)詞匯學(xué)lecture

1、English Lexicology,主講：田麗,About Me,田麗，吉林人。1999年考入大學(xué)后離開家鄉(xiāng)。在湖南長沙求學(xué)七年，喜歡利用業(yè)余時(shí)間四處走走看看。求學(xué)期間曾去過秀美的桂林，徜徉于具有濃厚異域風(fēng)情的西街；曾去過繁華的廣州，游弋于上下九路的眾多店鋪之中，穿梭在廣外和中山大學(xué)之間；,About Me,曾去過南昌，領(lǐng)略過滕王閣的書卷氣息；去過武漢，感受過黃鶴樓的壯美，品嘗過武昌魚的鮮美；曾去過河南鄭州，攀爬過太行山;當(dāng)然也來過濟(jì)南，領(lǐng)略過泰山的雄偉壯麗。,Education,1999年考入中南大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院，專修科技英語； 2003年保送攻讀中南大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院攻讀碩士學(xué)位，師從博士生導(dǎo)

2、師韓景泉教授，主攻理論語言學(xué)，形式語言學(xué)及句法學(xué)，這期間對(duì)翻譯理論與實(shí)踐、語義學(xué)、語用學(xué)及英語教學(xué)法等亦有涉獵。,研究方向?yàn)椋豪碚撜Z言學(xué)、句法學(xué)、形式語言學(xué)、教學(xué)法及英語詞匯學(xué)。主講課程為：大學(xué)英語系列，英語精讀、高級(jí)英語課程中的閱讀及詞匯部分及英語詞匯學(xué),Contact Me,Tel:QQ:8851736 E-mail: melindali,03年大學(xué)畢業(yè)照,05年廣州調(diào)研照片,教材及參考資料,教材：English Lexicology: a Coursebook, 汪榕培、王之江、朱越峰主編，華東師范大學(xué)出版社，2011年8月第一版。 練習(xí)冊(cè)：英語詞匯學(xué)實(shí)踐，汪榕

3、培、王之江主編，上海外語教育出版社， 2008年9月第1版。,教材及參考資料,參考資料：1. 英語詞匯學(xué)，汪榕培、王之江主編，上海外語教育出版社，2008年9月第1版。 2. 現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué)教程，丁建新主編，重慶大學(xué)出版社，2004年10第1版。 3. 現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué)（新版），陸國強(qiáng)編著，上海外語教育出版社，1999年9月第1版。,4. 英語詞匯學(xué)高級(jí)教程，汪榕培、王之江主編，上海外語教育出版社，2006年9月第1版。 5. 英語詞匯學(xué)教程，張維友編著，華中師范大學(xué)出版社，2006年。 6. 語言學(xué)教程（修定版），胡壯麟主編，北京大學(xué)出版社，2001年。,Teaching Objectives

4、,通過講授詞匯學(xué)基本理論、并著重通過對(duì)各種實(shí)例進(jìn)行構(gòu)詞、語義及詞類分析，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行詞匯分析基本訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生了解并初步掌握詞匯學(xué)理論、基本詞匯學(xué)概念和詞匯框架以及各種英語詞匯特征，初步學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)詞匯進(jìn)行正確的分析，提高學(xué)生使用和欣賞各種英語詞語和具體英語單詞的能力、了解并關(guān)注詞匯文體的意識(shí)及詞匯分析能力，提高學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力、英漢語言詞匯比較能力和詞匯翻譯能力,Requirements,學(xué)生自由選擇組成若干學(xué)習(xí)小組，合作完成presentation 任務(wù)。 要求學(xué)生通過認(rèn)真聽講、積極參與提問和討論、讀閱一些參考書、結(jié)合其它場(chǎng)合的語料，多多觀察體會(huì)從而領(lǐng)會(huì)詞語構(gòu)成、語義、文體。 考核方式：考試 成績(jī)

5、組成：平時(shí)（20%）+presentation (30%)+final exam (50%),Lecture 1 Basic Concepts,Points for thinking: How do you define “word”? What is vocabulary? What is lexicology?,1.1 Words,Classical definition: “a minimum free form is a word.” Leonard Bloomfield (1933). The word is the smallest meaningful linguistic un

6、it that can be used on its own.Its physical form cannot be divided into smaller units that can be used indepently to convey the same meaning. Book, bookish,According to Bloomfield, the word can constitute by itself, a complete utterance. -Is Jane coming this evening? -Possibly. Hi, darling, bother,

7、shit. A, THE -What is missing in a sentence such as do is barking? -A,Word is a unit of expression that has universal intuive recognition by native-speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.(Hu zhuanglin, 76),Three dimensions of Words,phonological dimension physical dimension seman

8、tic relationship,Phonological Dimension,Word may be seen as a cluster of sound segments or letters between two pauses or blanks as seen in the following examples. Phonological: /it is wonderful/ Orthographic: it is wonderful. Problem: Phonological : /its wonderful/ Orthographic: its wonderful.,Physi

9、cal Structure,External structure from a morphological point of view: Revitalized: re-vital-ize-d. Morphemes（詞素，語素）: the minimal units of meaning in a language. Kind-kindly, kindness, kindliness, unkind, unkindly, Like-likely, unlike, alike, likelihood Pure-impure, impurity, purify, purification Resp

10、onse-responsive, responsible, irresponsible, responsibility.,Write Writes Wrote Writing Written Fat Fatter fattest,LEXEME,LEXEME is postulated as the abstract unit underlying the smallest unit in the lexical system of a language, which appears in different grammatical contexts.,Root and Affixes,In a

11、 word which is composed of more than one morpheme there is a central one which contains the principal meaning, and a peripheral one or peripheral ones attached to the central morpheme, such as undecided. The central morpheme is called the root, The peripheral morphemes are called affixes.,Compoundin

12、g and Conversion,Compounding（復(fù)合） involves the combination of more than one root to form a new word (e.g. babysit, teapot). Conversion(類轉(zhuǎn)） involves a change in the word class of a word without the addition of affixes (e.g. object n. object v. ).,Semantic Structure of the Word,A words semantic or inte

13、rnal structure, is commonly referred to as its meaning, which is the most important characteristics of the word.,Denotation（外延義）,A word has the ability of denoting concrete objects, real qualities, actual actions and abstract notions. Denotation refers to the conceptual meaning of the word. The dire

14、ct, explicit meaning or reference of a word or term. (Websters New Oxford Dictionary) Home: a place where one lives,Connotation(內(nèi)涵義）,Connotation: is also called connotative meaning or affective meaning. In a context, the choice of a word may depend on the attitude of the speaker, i.e. on how the spe

15、aker feels towards the person, thing, or action that he/she is thinking about. Statesman, politician, Lean, slim, skinny, slender, thin,The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998): A single distinct meaningful element of speech or writing, used with others (or sometimes alone) to form a sentence and

16、 typically shown with a space on either side when written or printed.,Nature of a Word,A unit of speech or writing, which serves the purposeful human communication; The total sounds that comprise it; In writing, is seen as a sequence of letters bounded on either side by a blank space; The word, view

17、ed linguistically, possesses its physical structure and semantic structure.,Identification of Words,Stability Words are the most stable of all linguistic uinits, in respect of their internal struture, that is ,the constituent parts of a complex word have little potential for rearrangement,. Chairman

18、, *manchair. 2. Relative uninterrutibility New elements are not to be inserted into a word when there are several parts in a word. disappointment 3. A minimum free form,Classificaion of Words,Variable and invariable words Grammatical words and lexical words Closed-class and open-class words Word cla

19、ss,Variable and invariable Words,Words can be classified according to their variability. In variable words, on could find ordered and regular series of grammatically different word forms; on the other hand, part of the word remains constant. Follow, follows, following, followed, Mat, mats Invariable

20、 words refer to those words such as since, when, seldom, through, hello. They do not have inflectional endings.,Grammatical and Lexical words,Grammatical words: express grammatical meanings, serve to link its different parts together, also function words. Conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronou

21、ns. Lexical words: refer to substance, action and quality, carry the main content of a language , also content words. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.,Closed-class and Open-class,Closed class words is one whose membership is fixed or limited. New member are not regularly added. Open-class is one w

22、hose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited. The distinction is not clear. Preposion: regarding, throughout, according to, Auxiliary:,Word Class,Word class displays a wider range of more precisely defined categories.,Particles : (小品詞）include at least the infinitive marker “to”, the negativ

23、e marker “not”, and the subordinate units in phrasal verbs, such as “get by”(to constinue ones way of life), “do up”, “l(fā)ook back”. Auxiliaries : used to be regarded as verbs. Because of their unique properties, which one could hardly expect of a verb, linguists today tend to define them as a separat

24、e word class.,Pro-form: refers to the closed sets of items which can be used to substitute for a nominal group or a single noun. Pro-adjective: Your pen is red. So is mine. Pro-verb: He knows english better than he did. Determiners: refer to words which are used before the noun acting as head of a n

25、oun phrase, and determine the kind of reference the noun phrase has. The, a , some ,all.,Quirk: (1985) Three classes of determiners: pre-determiners, central determiners, and post-determiners. Pre-determiners: all, both, half, double, twice, three times, one-third, one-fifth, Central determiners: de

26、finite and indefinite articles, this ,that, these, those, every, Post-determiners: cardinal numerals, ordinal numerals, general numerals, next ,last past,*Their all trouble *Five all boys,What is Vocabulary,Vocabulary refers to all the words used in a particular kind of work, business, etc. or known

27、 to a particular person. The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998): A part of such a body of words used on a particular occasion or in a particular sphere: the vocabulary of law, The body of words known to an individual person: he had a wide vocabulary.,Vocabulary,The total number of the words in

28、a language. English vocabulary All the words used in a particular historical period. All the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person,1.2 Understanding Lexicology,The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998): The study of form, meaning

29、, and behavior of words. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (2002): The study of the form and meaning of words,The definitions from the Internet: 1. Lexicology is the branch of linguistics concerned with the study of vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin,

30、development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of signification and application of words.,2. Lexicology is the study of word meanings and origins: the branch of linguistics dealing with the use and meanings of words and the relationships between items of vocabulary. 3. English lexicology is the scientific study of English vocabulary.,Lexicology deals with the issues that go to the meaning and struct