詞語翻譯——增詞法減詞法.ppt

1、1,詞語翻譯,2,英漢詞語在表達上的差異,詞匯涵義的范圍不同詞義不完全對應,英語： 靈活，范圍廣， 依賴上下文,漢語： 嚴謹，凝滯， 范圍窄,e.g. well ：涌出、噴出”（動詞）；“好、很好、好意地、恰當?shù)亍保ǜ痹~）；“健康、很好、可取的”（形容詞）；“井、泉、源泉、令人滿意的事物”（名詞）；“咳、嗯、好吧”（語氣詞）,3,英語一詞多義,Business was rather slow last month. 上個月生意不太景氣 The book is rather slow. 這本書很乏味（不精彩）。 Youd better go slow in reaching a conclusi

2、on. 你最好不要急于下結(jié)論。 He is slow of understanding.他理解力較差。 He is so slow that I have to explain everything several times. 他太遲鈍，所有的事我都得解釋好幾遍。 Be slow to promise but quick to practice. 不要輕易許諾，但一旦許諾要盡快實踐。 He is slow at speech with women yet. 跟女人說話，他還有點笨嘴拙舌。,4,Develop trouble Develop a force Developing a pract

3、ical rod Develop a statement Develop a theory Develop a new type of potato Develop a tuberculosis Develop his own manner of acting Develop all the natural substances,Develop the deposit Develop a design Develop the science of agriculture Develop a kind of paper Develop photos Develop an extramarital

4、 affair Develop new materials Develop childrens interest Develop the western region,5,Oh, what a story. 哦，好個謊話。 To make a long story short. 長話短說。 It is another story. 這是另外一個問題。 He storied about his academic career and his professional career. 他編造了他的學歷和經(jīng)歷。,6,Once the story got abroad, I would never h

5、ear the last of it. 要是這個奇聞傳了出去，就會議論個沒完沒了。 You put me on the spot. I have to cook up a story this time. 你把我拖下水，這回我要找借口了。 It was reported that the general was dead, but officials refused to confirm the story. 據(jù)說將軍已死，但官方拒絕證實這消息。,7,to launch a movement, campaign, drive 搞運動、活動； to launch a training progr

6、am, class, course 舉辦培訓班， to launch a satellite 發(fā)射衛(wèi)星 to launch a loan 發(fā)放貸款,8,翻譯時注意：,平時多積累 Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions. 他們的工作人員隨時為我們提供支持并解答技術(shù)上的問題。 You have a creative edge in business. 你獲得創(chuàng)造性地商業(yè)優(yōu)勢。,9,感情色彩 P20 正確使用語體 P21 符合邏輯和實際情況 P22,10,Ho

7、mework,寫10個含kill不同詞義的句子，并將句子翻譯成漢語。 Translate the following sentences How to develop an online course? Scientists develop “brain chip”. The purpose of this course is to helpstudents develop understanding of business communications in English at an intermediate level. From life to death is mans reach.

8、 The new principal has no previous experience of school government. He put forward some new ideas to challenge the interest of all concerned.,11,增詞法、減詞法,12,一、為了語法上的需要而增詞 時態(tài)要求 補充原文因語法省略的詞 二、為了表達清晰和自然而增詞 增加動詞 形容詞 副詞 名詞 量詞 三、為了增加背景文化知識 四、名詞復數(shù)翻譯的增詞法,語氣詞 范疇詞 概括性的詞 承上啟下的詞,13,一、為了語法上的需要而增詞,時態(tài)要求 漢語表示時態(tài)的詞：著，

9、了，過等 P33 The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree.,14,補充原文因語法省略的詞,Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.,從別人的失敗中吸取教訓比從自己的失敗中吸取教訓更好,end,15,二、為了表達清晰和自然而增詞,增加動詞 形容詞 副詞 名詞 量詞,語氣詞

10、 范疇詞 概括性的詞 承上啟下的詞,16,增加動詞 In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants. 在中國，我們每到一個城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公園、看演出、吃名菜。（） In the evening, after the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、

11、觀看乒乓球表演之 后，他還得起草最后公報。 漢語動詞連用 vs 只有一個定式動詞 I forgot my key 我忘了帶鑰匙,why,二、為了表達清晰和自然而增詞,17,增加形容詞 The war made a man of him. 戰(zhàn)爭把他鍛造成一個堂堂的男子漢。 Deflation has now reached unprecedented level. 通貨緊縮已經(jīng)發(fā)展到了空前嚴重的地步。,end,18,增加副詞,The crowds melted away.,人群漸漸散開了,As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.,他一

12、坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地講的沒完。,end,19,增加名詞,不及物動詞賓語隱含在動詞后面,抽象名詞后增加名詞,具體名詞表示抽象概念時，名詞后增加名詞,在形容詞前加名詞,end,20,不及物動詞賓語隱含在動詞后面,First you borrow, then you beg.,頭一遭借錢，下一遭就討飯,Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.,他每天來干活掃地，擦地板，收拾房間。,end,21,形容詞,This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.,這部打字機真是物美價廉。

13、,He is a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.,他是一個性格復雜的人喜怒無常，反復多變，有些猶豫寡歡。,end,22,To persuade To prepare Backward Tense Arrogant Mad antagonistic,說服 準備 落后 緊張 自滿 瘋狂 敵對,Persuasion Preparation Backwardness Tension Arrogance Madness antagonism,說服工作 準備工作 落后狀態(tài) 緊張局勢 自滿情緒 瘋狂行為 敵對態(tài)度,抽象名詞

14、后增加名詞,23,具體名詞表示抽象概念時，名詞后增加名詞,He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.,他讓法官的職責戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情，而判決他兒子有罪。,end,24,增加表示名詞復數(shù)的詞 增加重迭詞表示復數(shù) 增加數(shù)詞或其他詞表示復數(shù),Flowers bloom all over the yard,朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院,The lion is the king of animals.,獅是百獸之王,25,The ASIAN countries have designated

15、 1992 as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds pleasure-and-culture-seekers of their attractions.,亞洲幾個國家將1992年指定為“亞洲旅游年”，攜手合作發(fā)起一場宣傳攻勢，旨在讓世界各地的那些獵奇探勝的游客確信，他們這些國家也有許多引人入勝的旅游景觀。,26,增加量詞 數(shù)詞與可數(shù)名詞直接連用 有些動詞或動作名詞,27,數(shù)詞與可數(shù)名詞直接連用,A tractor A bike A full moon A mouth A bad

16、 dream,A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea,一輪紅日從風平浪靜的海面冉冉升起。,A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.,一彎溪水蜿蜒流過山谷，匯合到江里去了。,end,28,增加語氣詞的、呢、吧、啊、呀等,Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you.,不要認真嘛！我只不過和你開個玩笑罷了。,As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.,我呢，從一開始就

17、不贊成。,end,29,增加概括性的詞 Sino-British links have multipliedpolitical, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.,中英兩國在政治、商務、教育、文化、國防和科技方面的聯(lián)系進一步加強了。,The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.,論文總結(jié)了電子計算機，人造衛(wèi)星，和火箭三方面的新成

18、就。,end,30,增加承上啟下的詞,Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.,不錯，我喜歡中國菜?，F(xiàn)在很多人喜歡中國菜，這種情況算是有點趕時髦吧。,end,31,三、為了增加背景文化知識,揭示背景、介紹習俗及闡釋典故,Pumpkin-eater,養(yǎng)不活老婆的人,Swan song,辭世之作，歸天之作,Waterloo,滑鐵盧,end,32,四、名詞復數(shù)翻譯的增詞法,See course book p38-40,33,Homework,1Inflation was and still is

19、the No.1 problem for that country. 2.Your packing is not as good as your competitors. 3.Men and nations working apart created these problems, men and nations working together must solve them. (名詞復數(shù)的翻譯P.235） 4. He seized the chance for peace between them. 5. I like your policies of first come, first

20、served.,34,3.Men and nations working apart created these problems, men and nations working together must solve them. (名詞復數(shù)的翻譯,人與人之間以及國與國之間離心離德產(chǎn)生了這些問題：人與人之間以及國與國之間同心同德必定能解決這些問題。 人民和國家分開工作制造了這些問題，必須共同解決。,35,賓語代詞,Any excuse will serve if one has not a mind to do it.,如果不想干， 總會找到借口。,We assure you of our

21、reciprocation your courtesy at any time.,貴行的好意我方保證隨時回報。,36,物主代詞,固定搭配,He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.,他聳聳肩，搖搖頭，兩眼看天，一句話不說。,37,省略It,非人稱的it,和強勢句中的it,It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.,她關(guān)上園門時，已是暮色蒼茫了。,It was with some difficulty that he

22、found the way to his own house.,他費了不少勁才找到了回家的路。,38,省略連詞,He looked gloomy and troubled.,他看上去有些憂愁不安。,Because departure is not easy we made it brief.,告別這件事難得很，我們就做得簡單一些。,39,省略冠詞,China is changing, and the changes in China, if they continue, may profoundly change the world.,中國在發(fā)生變化，這種變化如果持續(xù)下去，就可能真正(徹底)（

23、深刻）地改變?nèi)澜纭?40,前置詞,Smoking is prohibited in public places.,公共場所不準吸煙。,On the 13th of May, 1956, I became a civilian again.,1956年5月13號，我又是一個老百姓了。,41,從修辭的角度,英語重復出現(xiàn)的短語,University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.,報考大學的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取。,Domestic lighting circu

24、its should be at least two in number.,家用照明電路至少用該是兩條。,42,Homework,1.He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. 2.She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 3.In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia. 4. It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. Domest

25、ic lighting circuits should be at least two in number.,43,Tariffs may be used simply to obtain revenue. In some developing countries, revenue tariffs provide an important part of the governments income.,征收關(guān)稅可能只是為了獲得收入。有些發(fā)展中國家，財政關(guān)稅在其政府收入中是很重要的一部分。,44,Often, however, tariffs are protective, and are de

26、signed to carry out a particular economic policy. They may help to reduce a balance of payments deficit or to protect an infant industry against strong international competition from older corporations.,然而，關(guān)稅又經(jīng)常具有保護性質(zhì)，用來貫徹一項特定的經(jīng)濟政策。這類關(guān)稅有助于減少國際收支逆差，或保護新生工業(yè)在國際競爭中頂住來自老資格公司的強大挑戰(zhàn)。,45,A revenue tariff wil

27、l always provide some protection, and a protective tariff will produce some revenue. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between revenue and protective tariffs form economic evidence alone.,財政關(guān)稅總能提供某種保護，一項保護關(guān)稅會產(chǎn)生一定的收入。因此，但就經(jīng)濟效益而言，很難區(qū)分財政關(guān)稅和保護關(guān)稅。,46,When a tariff is imposed on an import, the dir

28、ect impact on price is to raise it by the amount of the tariff. Market factors, however, can modify this effect. Hence, the final price increase due to a tariff may be less than, equal to, or more than the amount of the tariff.,對某一進口商品征收關(guān)稅時，對價格的直接影響就是把價格提高到加上稅額的水平。然而，市場的因素可以緩和這種影響。所以，因關(guān)稅而引起的最終的商品提價可

29、能低于稅額，或與稅額相等，或者高于稅額。,47,In many cases, though, the final price increase is reasonably close to the amount of the tariff. In contrast, the impact of a quota on price is much harder to predict.,不過，在許多情況下，最終的提價合理地接近稅額。對比之下，配額對價格的影響更加難以預測。,48,The effects are particularly uncertain with goods which are n

30、ot produced at all domestically.,如果產(chǎn)品根本不是本國制造，其影響就更加無法確定。,49,For instance, many countries do not have their own car industry, so that an import quota can cause a considerable shift in automobile prices.,例如，許多國家沒有汽車工業(yè)，所以一向進口配額會使汽車價格出現(xiàn)相當大的波動。,50,Letters of Credit for the importation of goods form fore

31、ign countries into Canada are frequently required by the supplier to be established in his favor; sometimes these are for surprisingly small amounts, obviously where the importer is little known to the exporter, otherwise ordinary “bill for collection” or “open account procedure” whole be followed.,

32、辦理從外國向加拿大進口貨物時，供貨人往往要求開立以它為受益人的信用證；有時信用證的金額小得驚人，尤其當進口商不大為出口商所了解時更是如此，不然的話就地采取普通的“票據(jù)托收”或者“開帳戶”的方式來解決。,51,Many Canadian importers are therefore familiar with these instruments. The Canadian importer, when faced with such a request, applies to his bank for the facility.,因此許多加拿大進口商對這些支付方式很熟悉。加拿大進口商碰到這種要

33、求時便向自己的銀行申請信貸便利。,52,As the banks undertaking will be replacing that of the importer, the bank will treat this as an application for credit and will give consideration to setting up a “l(fā)ineof credit” in the same way as if it were an application for a loan. If the “l(fā)ine” is granted or has already been

34、 arranged, the importer completes an “Application for Commercial Credit” in which he gives full details of the Credit requires.,由于銀行承諾將取代進口商的承諾，銀行將此視為申請信貸，而且會考慮設立一個“信貸額度”，就和申請一筆貸款一樣。如果這種“額度”已經(jīng)提供或者安排妥當，進口商便辦理“商業(yè)信貸申請”手續(xù)，向銀行提供他所需信貸的詳細要求。,53,Normally, the Credit will be “irrevocable”, that is once it has been received by or advised to the beneficiary it cannot be retracted or changed without the beneficiarys consent, and the opening bank must meet any drafts p