英語句子成分

1、英語句子成分 （一）句子主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。 （二）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、 不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：劃出主語并說出什么詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡ZDuringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smo

2、kingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor. （三）謂語：動(dòng)詞做謂語,謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般

3、由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如： OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone?Timeisup.Theclassisover.（五）賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday. Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime. The

4、yhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please. 2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor. （六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分

5、詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite. Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：名詞，形容詞，代詞，分詞，動(dòng)名詞，不定式短語，介詞短語等例如： Guilinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Therearethirtywomenteache

6、rsisourschool. （八）狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：Howaboutmeetingag

7、ainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語）Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.（條件狀語）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder. （目的狀語）Hewassotiredthathefel

8、lasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語）Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）英語句子結(jié)構(gòu) 英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下： S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Heruns.S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)He is interesting.常見的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fallill/asleep，stand/s

9、itstill，become，turn等S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)Heofferedmehisseattome帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)TheynamedtheboyCharlie 說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語；C賓練習(xí) 一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分： 1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehanded

10、methenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Chinesepainting is beautiful!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight. 9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.

11、Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、分析下列句子成分 1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou 3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebr