2015年北京高考英語七選五復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

1、閱讀理解第二節(jié)（七選五）專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,“在一段短文中留有五個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫?！?-2015年北京高考考試說明,七選五閱讀理解,考查考生理解語篇層面的連貫性和邏輯性，即句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系的能力。考生需要在語篇信息存在缺失的情況下，準(zhǔn)確理解通篇文章，特別是設(shè)題部位前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，通過上下文的線索進(jìn)行推理，預(yù)測(cè)下文，然后做出正確判斷，從7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中分別選取5個(gè)補(bǔ)全信息，保證語篇的完整連貫與通順。,選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：,段首句（主旨句）：對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容或?qū)δ扯蔚闹行膬?nèi)容進(jìn)行概括的句子。 段中句（過渡句）：承上啟下（關(guān)聯(lián)詞或提示

2、詞）。 段尾句（總結(jié)句）：對(duì)本段內(nèi)容予以總結(jié)或承上啟下。,解題步驟,閱讀主旨段或每一段主旨句（可以放第二步后面，或者省略） 讀選項(xiàng)，用筆劃出關(guān)鍵詞（如：指代不明的詞，關(guān)聯(lián)詞，關(guān)鍵詞,數(shù)詞，否定詞等） 讀空格的前一句和后一句（必要時(shí)相應(yīng)前后延長(zhǎng)），選出簡(jiǎn)單的2-4個(gè) 剩下的帶入讀，并檢測(cè)所選答案,讀選項(xiàng)，用筆劃出關(guān)鍵詞,指代不明的詞：it, that, they, he, she, them, such, 關(guān)聯(lián)詞: so, therefore, thus, hence; but, however, despite, regardless; and; 數(shù)詞: First, second, one

3、the one hand, on the other hand; 否定詞：few, little, never, not, no 關(guān)鍵詞 (提醒：干擾項(xiàng)往往有同樣的名詞或動(dòng)詞的重復(fù))； 另外：特別關(guān)注全文主語一致,Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this

4、 music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called elevator (電梯) music because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and mo

5、re places, and it has a new name Muzak. About one-third of the people in America listen to Muzak everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people

6、are more tired. 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 Music is often played in public places because it is des

7、igned to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more grocerie

8、s. 75 . They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!,A. Some people dont li

9、ke Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarke

10、ts in the world.,Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71C. Music is playing in the background. Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to g

11、ive you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called “elevator (電梯) music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name “Muzak”. About on

12、e-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72B. The music gives them extr

13、a energy. If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.

14、 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the backgro

15、und. 74D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 75 A. Some people dont like Muzak. . They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One

16、way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!,Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, its a matter of logic(邏輯)of being able to spot weaknesses in other peoples arguments and to avoid them i

17、n your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinkingthe ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and invent

18、ors have often taken information that was readily available put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking.,A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. C. It may also he

19、lp you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. F. The skills you learn in your speech

20、class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.,72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time org

21、anizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical(機(jī)械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, the

22、re is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73 What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability t

23、o think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circum

24、stances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.,Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, its a matter of logic(邏輯)of being able to spot weaknesses in other peoples arguments and

25、to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinkingthe ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71D. It has often been said that

26、there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking. 72E. If you are wondering what this has to do with

27、 your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical(機(jī)械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech

28、 is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73A. Rather, it is an important part o

29、f shaping the ideas themselves. What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve

30、 your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speak

31、ers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.,Empathy Last year,

32、 researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a tee

33、n program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. _73_ Researc

34、hers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most importan

35、t things they look for in new managers. _74_ “Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. Whats the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _75_ To r

36、eally develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.,Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

37、That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. “One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says. Humans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. Empathy is a matter

38、 of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel. Good social skillsincluding empathyare a k ind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy

39、 is decisive to those relationships.,Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71B That could be because so many people have replaced face time with

40、 screen time, the researchers said._ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_D_Humans learn by exampleand