動名詞作主語和賓語

1、動名詞作主語和賓語,一、概念,doing,done,to do,動名詞,現在分詞,2.動名詞：它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式?；拘问綖?v-ing, 動名詞具有名詞的性質，因此在句中主要作主語、賓語，在某些條件下亦可作表語、定語等。動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。,二、用法 1. 動名詞作主語。 注意謂語動詞要用單數。 Reading is an art. 閱讀是一門藝術。 Playing with fire is dangerous. Climbing mountains is really fun. Getting up early is a good habit.,動名詞作主語的

2、其他類型：,1）用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語（動名詞或短語）置于句尾。注意這種用法僅限于某些名詞和形容詞的固定搭配中，如： Its no use(useless) /good doing 干是沒用/沒好處的 It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 灑掉的牛奶哭也沒用。 Its no use/good arguing with her. 和她爭吵是沒有用的。 Its (no) fun doing 干 是有（無）趣的 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。,It is a shame doing 干 是可

3、恥的。,Its a shame copying others homework. Its a waste of time doing 干.是浪費時間的 Its a waste of time waiting here. 在這里等著是浪費時間。 2) 用于there be 結構中 There is no point （in） doing 做是沒有意義的 Theres no point (in) getting angry. 發(fā)火沒有意義。,3）動名詞的復合結構作主語,Toms coming surprised us. His being careless led to the accident.

4、 4)用于布告形式的省略結構中。,No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).,No parking.,注意問題：,1）動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。,Reading books widens our knowledge. 讀書增長我們的知識。 2）動名詞的被動式（being done),也可當主語。 Being laughed at is a painful thing. 被人取笑是件令人痛苦的事。 Being exposed to sunlight for too long time will do harm to ones skin. 長期暴

5、露在陽光下對皮膚有害。 3) 動名詞的否定式，是在doing前加上not. Not working hard will result in failure. His not coming back made us worried.,4) 動詞不定式和動名詞都可以做主語。在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象或習慣性動作；不定式多用來表示特指或某次具體的動作。,_(Walking/To walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. _(Walking/To walk) in the garden is what I want

6、 to do this afternoon. 2.動名詞作賓語 動名詞既可作動詞賓語，又可作介詞賓語。如：I enjoy learning English. How about meeting outside the theatre？,具體用法如下：,1）某些動詞（短語）只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的類似動詞（短語）有： finish（完成), enjoy（享受), practise（練習), keep（保持)，mind（介意)，miss（錯過), imagine（想象), advise/suggest（建議)， admit（承認), avoid（避免), risk(冒險), esc

7、ape（逃避),allow/permit（允許), dislike appreciate（感激), understand(理解)，delay/postpone（延期),mention(提及)， deny（否認), quit（停止),excuse/pardon (原諒) resist(抵抗)，forbid(禁止) feel like(想要),2）某些短語（特別是某些含有介詞的短語）后，需要用動名詞作賓語。類似的常用短語有：,常用的帶介詞 to 短語有:lead to /look forward to/devote to /pay attention to/be(get)used to/get d

8、own to (開始認真干) /object to/be opposed to（反對)/ be addicted to（沉溺于） 其他:cant help （情不自禁)/insist on/feel like/put off(推遲)/cant bear/ stand（不能忍受） feel like/ succeed in/depend on /be fond of/be worth/ in addition to/have difficulty in doing,3) 某些詞后既可加不定式又可加動名詞，但意義截然不同，需要引起極大注意！如：,go on to do (做完一件事后)接著做另一件

9、事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做（原來做的事） After a break, the teacher went on _ (to give /giving) his lesson After finishing his home work, he went on_ (sweeping/to sweep) the floor. remember to do 記著要做 （動作未發(fā)生） remember doing 記得做過（動作已發(fā)生）,I remembered to post the letter.我要記住把信寄出去。（未寄）I remembered posting/having post t

10、he letter.我記得把信寄出去。 （已寄）,forget to do 忘了去做 （沒做） forget doing/having done 忘記以前曾做過 （做過忘了） I forgot to post the letter. 我忘了去寄信。(沒寄） I forgot posting/having post the letter. 我忘了曾寄過信了。(寄了，但忘了）,regret to do (say/tell/inform/announce) 遺憾地 (對將要做的事抱歉) regret doing/having done 后悔做了 (對已經發(fā)生的事感到后悔),I regret _ (s

11、ay) I cant come. I regret _(spend) so much money the on car. mean to do 打算做（主語一般是人） mean doing 意味著（主語一般是物） You really mean _ (go) Being late means _ (wait) for another hour.,try to do 設法 /盡力/努力去做 try doing 嘗試著去做（看有何結果）,Since the front door wont open, why not try _ (open) the back door? Try _ (write)

12、 better in your exam. stop to do 停下來做（另一件事） stop doing 停止做（原來做的事） He stopped _ (say) to his teacher on the way. When the bell rang, we stopped _ (talk) cant help (to) do 不能幫助做 cant help doing 禁（忍）不住做,I cant help _ (cook). Im too busy.On hearing joke, they couldnt help _(laugh),be used to do 被用來做 be

13、used to doing 習慣于/適應于 Wood is used to _ (make) paper. He has been used to_ (get) up early. 4) 動名詞表示被動意義: 動詞 need, require, want 表示“需要”時，其后跟動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動式作賓語。即: doing need/want/require+ to be done,The door needs/wants/requires _(repair) _,類似的還有：deserve (值得；應當) He deserves _ (praise) 3. 動名詞的復合結構 1）含

14、義：動名詞前面有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這便構成了動名詞的復合結構。 2）構成：物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 + 動名詞 3）性質與作用：動名詞的復合結構在意義上相當于一個句子，但實際上是一個名詞結構，故在句中作主語、賓語或表語。,1）作主語Marys coming late made her teacher angry.瑪麗來晚了，這使得她的老師很生氣。,His coming here surprised us. 他的到來使我們很驚訝。 His being late made me angry. 2) 作動詞或介詞的賓語 Do you mind my/me smoking? I insist on

15、Marys/Mary going there. 我堅持要瑪麗到那兒去。 I heard of your/you being ill. 我沒聽說你病了。,3) 作表語Whats most important is Toms going there at once. 最為重要的是湯姆要立即去那里。The problem is their not having enough money.,問題是他們沒有足夠的錢。 注意: 若動名詞的復合結構作賓語，其中的物主代詞可由人稱代詞的賓格形式代替；名詞所有格可由名詞普通格代替。但作主語時不可這樣代替。Do you mind my/me smoking? I

16、insist on Marys/Mary going there. Marys(不可用Mary) being ill made her mother worried.,4. 動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),1）構成：動名詞沒有人稱和數的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動名詞的時態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種，語態(tài)分主動形式和被動形式。具體如下： 一般式的主動語態(tài)：doing 一般式的被動語態(tài)：being done 完成式的主動語態(tài)：having done 完成式的被動語態(tài)：having been done 圖解如下:,動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),doing,being done,having done,having been

17、 done,3）用法：,（1）一般式 doing/being done 的用法 當動名詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后或不強調(沒有)明確的先后關系時，用一般式。 He kept smiling. (與謂語動作同時發(fā)生) I am thinking of going there.(發(fā)生在謂語之后) Finding work is difficult. (沒有明確先后關系) 若動作表示被動，要用 being done 這種形式. He did it without _ （ask). No one enjoys _ (laugh) at. He was lucky to esc

18、ape _ (kill),(2) 完成式：having done/having been done用法,如果要動名詞所表示的動作（明顯的）發(fā)生在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，則可用用動名詞的完成形式；若表被動，要用having been done的形式。 I cant remember _ (meet)him. I regret _ (not take) her advice. He admitted _ (do) wrong. I cant remember _ (give) the chance to do it. He didnt mention _ (beat) by others.,5.注意：使

19、用動名詞時，一定先要注意用主動形式還是用被動形式，然后再去確定用一般式還是完成式。,練習:,1.Our father often told us in he past that _is believing. A. To see B. Seeing C. See D. To be seen 2.-What made him so unhappy? -_ the ticket for the football match. A. Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. Losing 3. _ is a good form of exerci

20、se for both young and old. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk,4. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _ . A. hed like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure,5. (2011上海) Its no use _ withou

21、t taking action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complainedD. to be complained 6. (2011四川) Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study,7. It is no_ arguing with Bill because he will never change her mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way,8. (08上海

22、) Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk 9. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. A. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak,10.While sh

23、opping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,11. All the staff in our company are considering _ to the city center for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 12. Robert is in

24、deed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking,13. _ provides us with essential nutrients, while _ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed,14. Have you forgotten

25、_$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 15.-Let me tell you something about the writer. - Dont you remember _ me the story? A. told B. telling C. tell D. to have told,16. I still rememb

26、er _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken,17. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 18.-Theres a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I

27、 cant imagine_ that old. A.to be B. to have been C. being D. having been,19. His room needs _,so he must have it _.A. painting; painted B. painted; paintingC. painting; painting D. painted; painted,20.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catc

28、h 21. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A.to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 22. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice land. A. to have bad time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time,23. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt hel

29、p laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh,24. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 25. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk

30、C. to walk D. walking,26. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing,27. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party Ahaving not been invited Bnot having invited Chaving not invited Dnot having been invited,28. I hear theyve promote

31、d Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted.,29. _the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement AThe president will attend BThe president to attend C. The president attended DThe presidents attending,30._to the meeting surprise