四大名詞性從句.ppt

1、a,1,Grammar Shirley,a,2,What kind of noun clauses are they?,1. What it was to become was a mystery. 2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet. 3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London. 4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,brainstormin

2、g (2m),a,3,名詞性從句 相當(dāng)于一個名詞作用的從句稱作名詞性從句，名詞性從句常在復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。如： 1. What it was to become was a mystery. 2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet. 3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London. 4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.,a,4,noun clauses,subjective

3、clause 主語從句,objective clause 賓語從句,predicative clause 表語從句,appositive clause 同位語從句,a,5,主語從句： 做主語用的名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)主語從句的有連詞that ，whether， 連接代詞who ，what ，which， 連接副詞when，where， how， why等。 位置： 1) 位于句首 2) 位于句尾，使用it做形式主語，而把主從放在句末(注意：形式主語只能用it,不能使用thisthat) 常用下面幾種句型： 1）It + be + 表語 （n./adj./done.）+that從句 It is a f

4、act (a shame/ pity/ good news/ impossible/likely) that/whether Its a pity that you have to go so soon. It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.,a,6,2）It + vi. + that從句 It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that It seemed certain that he would win the prize. It happens that th

5、ey were absent. 3) It + be done + that從句 It is known/said/hoped/believed It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it,a,7,連接詞： 1） 區(qū)分 that 與 whether ( if ) that 引導(dǎo)主從只起引導(dǎo)作用，無實際意義，在主從中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。 That s

6、he left him cut him to the heart. whether(if)盡管不充當(dāng)句子成分,但有”是否”意思,可加上”or not”,語意不變.但whether和if也有不同用法,如放在句首引導(dǎo)主從,只能用whether. Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,a,8,e.g. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from on aspect. What B. That C. This D. Whi

7、ch _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,a,9,It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較,It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。 而it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether y

8、ou succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,a,10,連接代詞who(m), whose, what ,which, when, where, why, how這類連接詞,除了引導(dǎo)主從外,在從句中還分別起pron/adv./adj.的作用,在從句中分別做主語賓語表語狀語 What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. 高考題: _ caused the accident

9、 is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which,a,11,3) whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever等連接詞與what等連接詞的用法一樣,只是具有較強的語意,”凡是,不管,無論” , 引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不后置。 Whatever he said wa

10、snt true. Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it. = Anyone who guesses = The person who guesses However _ he couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer teenagers showed interest in traditional festivals. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that,a,12,賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放

11、在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。 做動詞的賓語 1)大部分賓語從句直接跟在動詞后： He doesnt know where the post office is. 2) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞一般都可以省去.但是當(dāng)及物動詞后跟兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句是,只有第一個that可以省略. The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.,二賓語從句 The Object Clause,a,13,3)如果后有賓語補足語，則要使用形式賓語 it 而將從句放到補足語后

12、面； I thought it strange that he failed to call me He doesnt want it to be known that he is going aboard. 4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞之后的賓語從句中，要注意否定前移; I dont think you are right 5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等動詞以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一個肯定的賓語從句，還可用not代替一個否定的賓語從句： 一Do you believe

13、 it will clear up? 一I believe so. / I dont believe so. /I believe not.,a,14,6) “doubt”后接賓從,肯定句時由whether/if引導(dǎo),否定句或疑問句由that引導(dǎo) I whether/if he will come. I dont that he will come. Do you that he will come? 7) whether和if 都可引導(dǎo)動詞之后的賓從,二者可互換.但在正式文體中,從句有or not時,只用whether,不用if. I wonder if/whether it is righ

14、t. I dont care whether you like him or not.,a,15,做介詞的賓語 Did she say anything about how we should do the work? 1)作介詞賓語時，that很少在介詞后面引導(dǎo)賓從，只有在except, but, besides, in等少數(shù)介詞后才用; Your article is all right except that it is too long 2)有時在介詞和其賓語從句的中間加形式賓語it; e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready 3)表示“是

15、否”的if不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句，而要用whether. e.g. We are talking about whether you should do it.,a,16,The Predicative Clause 表語從句在從句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句。 that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 that 僅起連接作用，無意義，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進一步解釋的作用。 e.g. The fact is that one smoker in five will die from smoking. 2. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接詞whether起連接作用，

16、意為“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 e.g. The question is whether the man will turn up in time.,a,17,3. what, which, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語、表語、定語，且各有各的詞義。 e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come fir

17、st. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,a,18,4. where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接副詞where, when, why, how在句中通常沒有疑問意義，而是在句中起連接作用并分別表示時間、地點、原因或方式。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for t

18、he meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,a,19,5. 其他連詞as if, because, as, as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 because引導(dǎo)表語從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于連系動詞look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。 e.g. My

19、 anger is because you havent written to me for a long time. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.,a,20,同位語從句,1. 概念: 在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。 2. 功能: 同位語從句跟在一個n.后，對其進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。,a,21,3. 用法: 常跟的抽象名詞有: fact/ feeling/ idea/ reason/ thought/ truth/ order/ suggestion/ doubt/ news/ word/

20、possibility/ promise/ hope/ belief e.g. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people. I have no idea when he will be back. 4. 連詞 that/whether/who/ which/ what /when /where/why/ how 同位語從句與先行詞有時也可以分開。 e.g. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.,a,22,同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別:,1. 同位語從句的先行

21、詞極為有限，而定語從句的先行詞則不計其數(shù)，可以是名詞,代詞,主句的一部分或是整個主句。 2.引導(dǎo)詞 a.有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what 可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 e.g. That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。 (同位語從句),a,23,b. that在同從中僅起連接作用, 不充當(dāng)任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能用which來代替. 而引導(dǎo)定從的that在從句中一般作主語或賓語 (指物時還可以用which代替), 并且作賓語時常常省略。 e.g.

22、The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. (同位語從句, 是對order的具體解釋, that不作成分, 但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組 (定語從句, 是名詞order的修飾語, that在從句中作received的賓語

23、, 可以省略),a,24,c. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的wh-詞，多具有疑問意義，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的wh-詞沒有疑問意義。 e.g. I have no idea where he has gone. This is the school where I studied.,a,25,3.性質(zhì)上的區(qū)別 同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇;而定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇. The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。 (同位語從句, 補充說明news到

24、底是一個什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。 (定語從句, news在從句中作told的賓語),a,26,1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(2004年廣東省卷 ) A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom,高考鏈接,【試析】這個句子是一個由and連接的并列句。And后是一個含有主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主語從句則是who it is that Im talking to.而在主語從句中，又有一個定語從句，修飾who. Who既是一個引導(dǎo)詞，也在it is中作表語.如果再細一點，說who是 (talking) to的介詞賓語也可以。,a,27,2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere