寫作第五講 定語從句的寫作與訓(xùn)練

1、第二部分 寫作,第五講,針對(duì)訓(xùn)練,一、 基 礎(chǔ) 寫 作,寫法指導(dǎo),根據(jù)所掌握的定語從句的知識(shí)，熟練地使用定語從句也是高考英語寫作的一項(xiàng)基本要求。定語從句屬于較為復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)在短文中適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用定語從句有助于提高寫作的得分。,一、that, which引導(dǎo)定語從句 當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí)常用that或which來引導(dǎo)定語從句，很多情況下兩者可以互換。 Our class is a big family that/which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. 我們班是一個(gè)擁有12個(gè)女生和50個(gè)男生的大家庭。,點(diǎn)津that和which在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。

2、 To make our society more harmonious, wed better take care of the environment (that/which) we live in. 為了使我們的社會(huì)更加和諧，我們最好愛護(hù)我們所居住的環(huán)境。,二、who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)定語從句 當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)常用who, whom引導(dǎo)，也可用that。如果從句中缺少的是主語那么就用who引導(dǎo)；如果缺少的是賓語可用whom，也可以用who引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞也可以省略。whose在從句中作定語，既可以指人，也可以指物。,Those who would like to take par

3、t may sign up in the Students Union Office before October 20th. (作主語) 凡想?yún)⒓拥?同學(xué))可以在十月二十日前到學(xué)生會(huì)辦公室報(bào)名。 Is that the man whom you referred to? (作賓語) 那就是你所指的人嗎？,Last Sunday, I organized a survey in my neighborhood, whose topic is “Which safety problem is the one you are most concerned about”. (作定語) 上周日，我在我

4、的社區(qū)進(jìn)行了一次社會(huì)調(diào)查，其主題內(nèi)容是“你最關(guān)注的安全問題是什么”。,三、as引導(dǎo)定語從句 as指人或物，作主語、賓語或表語。as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)常用在the same .as, such .as結(jié)構(gòu)中。 I want to buy the same Tshirt as Tom is wearing. 我想買一件和湯姆穿的一樣的T恤衫。,點(diǎn)津as和which還可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，來修飾整個(gè)句子。 As we can see, great changes have taken place in our hometown. 正如我們所看到的，我們家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 Li Ming go

5、t up late this morning, which made it impossible for him to catch the early bus. 李明今天早上起晚了，這使他不可能趕上早班車了。,四、when引導(dǎo)定語從句 when指時(shí)間，作狀語。 I will never forget the day when I joined the army. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我參軍的那一天。,點(diǎn)津當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的先行詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，必須用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，而不用when。 The film reminded me of those mis

6、erable days (that/which) I spent in my childhood. 這部電影使我想起了我童年時(shí)代度過的那些苦難日子。,五、where引導(dǎo)定語從句 where指地點(diǎn)，作狀語。 As a child, he used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where they lived. 當(dāng)他還是一個(gè)小孩的時(shí)候，他經(jīng)常艱苦地勞動(dòng)，并幫助他的父親在他們所生活的小農(nóng)場上干活。,點(diǎn)津當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，必須用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，而不用wher

7、e。 This is a beautiful place (that/which) people all over the world look forward to visiting. 這是一個(gè)世界各地的人都渴望參觀的美麗的地方。,六、why引導(dǎo)定語從句 why指原因，作狀語。 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 The reason why Tom didnt come to school yesterday was that he was ill. 湯姆昨天沒來學(xué)校的原因是他生病了

8、。,.合并句子 把下面各題中的句子合并為一個(gè)含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句 1a. Seeing these changes, we cannot forget them. b. They gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble. _ _,答案：Seeing these changes, we cannot forget those who gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble.,2a. I feel greatly honored to host the contest. b. The c

9、ontest is sponsored by the Students Union. _ _,答案：I feel greatly honored to host the contest, which is sponsored by the Students Union.,3a. They sent the elderly some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them. b. The elderly always feel lonely. _ _,答案：They sent the elderly who always f

10、eel lonely some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them.,4a. The library is not far from here. b. The writer often does some reading there. _ _,答案：The library where the writer often does some reading is not far from here.,5a. Ive always longed for the days. b. I will be able to be in

11、dependent then. _ _,答案：Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent.,.翻譯句子 用定語從句翻譯下列句子 1不努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生不會(huì)通過考試。 _,答案：The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.,2她上周買的房子非常好看。 _,答案：The house, which she bought last week, is very nice.,3這就是他爸爸工作的地方。 _,答案：This is the place w

12、here his father works.,4你們已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步，這使老師非常高興。 _,答案：You have made great progress, which makes your teacher very happy.,5眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。 _,答案：As is known to us all, smoking is harmful to our health.,6北京是中國的首都，它是一座美麗的城市。 _,答案：Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city.,7魯迅的原名(real name)是周樹人。他一生中寫了很 多小說。 _,答案：Lu Xun, whose real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote many novels in his whole life.,8杰克來自加拿大，他在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了三年。他 不僅經(jīng)常幫助我們學(xué)英語，