一對一初二英語下簡單句的基本句型

1、個性化教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)教案 學(xué)科：英語（下） 任課教師： 授課時間： 姓名年級 八年級性別總課時 教學(xué)目標1. 復(fù)習(xí)上一次課的內(nèi)容，并講解上一次課的習(xí)題；2. 句子的成分；3. 簡單句的六種基本句型。難點重點教學(xué)重點：簡單句的六種基本句型；教學(xué)難點：簡單句的六種基本句型。課堂教學(xué)過程 課前 教學(xué)反饋 檢查作業(yè)布置安排：作業(yè)完成情況：優(yōu) 良 中 差 建議任課教師反饋情況：過程簡單句的基本句型課前檢測一 講解上一次課的習(xí)題。二 朗讀Module 6的課文、單詞、詞組。（看書本和資料）三 默寫Module 6的單詞、詞組。扇子n. _ 郵票n. _ 使整齊；使整潔_隔板；架子n. _ 看一看_ 作為；當(dāng)pr

2、ep. _硬幣n. _ 紙幣n. _ 英鎊n. _美元_ 一定；肯定v. _有價值的adj. _用prep. _ 價值 n. _只是；僅僅adv. _人n. _ 興趣；愛好n. _技能；技藝n. _活動n. _ 航海；航行n. _ 出版；問世_結(jié)果；后果n. _ 結(jié)果；因此_愉悅；快樂n. _成功；成就n. _ 占用_ 對感興趣_長大成人 _ 培養(yǎng)你的興趣_ 照顧動物_句子成分一. 組成句子的成分叫句子成分。二. 在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系, 按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。三. 句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。 四. 英語的基本成分有七種：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓補、定語和

3、狀語。（一）主語 主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如： Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名詞作主語）He reads newspapers every day. （代詞作主語）Smoking is harmful to the health. （動名詞作主語）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主語）What we should do is not yet decided. （主語從句作主語）（二）謂語1. 謂語是說明主語的

4、動作或狀態(tài)。 說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動詞。一般放在主語之后。 2. 謂語必須和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上保持一致。3. 謂語一般是由動詞或連系動詞+表語充當(dāng)。His parents are teachers. （系動詞和表語一起作謂語）We study hard. （行為動詞作謂語）We dont finish reading the book. （助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語） He can speak English. （情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語） （三）賓語1. 賓語表示動作、行為的對象。 2. 只有及物動詞可帶賓語，有些不及物動詞加上

5、介詞或副詞后也可帶賓語。一般放在謂語之后。 3. 由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或句子充當(dāng)。 She is doing her homework now.（名詞作賓語）She says（that）she is ill.（賓語從句作動詞賓語）We often help him.（代詞作賓語）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語）（四）賓語補足語在賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱為賓語補足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。如：They make her happy.（形容詞）I

6、 see her dance.（不定式）Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名詞）Please let him in.（副詞）We heard her singing a song.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在be動詞和系動詞后面。 如：I am a teacher.（名詞）He is always happy.（形容詞）They are on the playground now.（介詞短語）It gets cold. It s

7、ounds interesting. We should all remain careful. （形容詞）（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。單個詞作定語時，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：The black bike is mine.（形容詞） Whats your name?（代詞）They make paper flowers.（名詞）（七）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首

8、、句中。 如：He did it carefully.（副詞）We often help him.（副詞）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介詞短語）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時間狀語）He sits there.（副詞地點狀語） 簡單句六種基本句型句子成分都由單詞或短語擔(dān)任，且只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫做簡單句。初中階段我們需要重點掌握簡單句的六種基本句型及其主要用法。一、S + V（主語不及物動詞）（SubjectIntransitive Verb）這種句型

9、簡稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。不及物動詞是指那些本身意義已完整，后面不需要接賓語的動詞，常見的不及物動詞，如come, go, listen, climb, move, jump, laugh, sit, stay, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：They are running.他們在跑步。剖析：在此句中，謂語動詞是不及物動詞，不必加賓語就可表達一個完整的、明確無誤的意思。有時為了表示動作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、場所、時間等，可以帶副詞、介詞短語等狀語修飾動詞，但狀語不算句子的主要成分。例如：The students are playing under the

10、 tree.學(xué)生們正在樹下玩耍。句中the students是主語，are playing是謂語動詞，介詞短語under the tree作地點狀語，修飾動詞，說明動作發(fā)生的地點，但不是句子的主要成分。二、S + V + P（主語系動詞表語）（SubjectLink VerbPredicative）系動詞通常與表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特點或狀態(tài)等。表語通常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等充當(dāng)。常見的系動詞有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, se

11、em等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友現(xiàn)在都在門外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶變酸了。三、S + V + O（主語及物動詞賓語）（SubjectTransitive VerbObject）及物動詞后面必須接賓語才能表達一個完整的意思。賓語是動作的承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當(dāng)。常見的及物動詞有：like, finish, enjoy, want, play, make, help, take, read, tell, teach, do等。如：Hes having lunch. 他正

12、在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我寧愿站著。He promised to lend me some books. 他答應(yīng)借給我?guī)妆緯?。四、S + V + IO + DO（主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語）（SubjectVerb Indirect ObjectDirect Object）有些及物動詞，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以帶雙賓語，一個賓語指人，稱為間接賓語；另一個指物，稱為直接賓語。及物動詞帶雙賓語通常有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 及物動詞+間接賓

13、語+直接賓語2. 及物動詞+直接賓語+to / for+間接賓語如： He told me a story yesterday.他昨天給我講了個故事。剖析：在這類句型中，謂語動詞要帶兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，所以該句型也稱為：主語及物動詞雙賓語。在該句型中，間接賓語為及物動詞這個動作所涉及到的人（如上句中的me），直接賓語指及物動詞這個動作的直接對象（如上句中的a story）。【溫馨提示】構(gòu)成“主語及物動詞直接賓語介詞間接賓語”的句式。某些動詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語可改為to引導(dǎo)的短語，這類動詞有g(shù)ive, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave,

14、 hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答應(yīng)）, refuse（拒絕）等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把車借給我們嗎？Can you lend your car to us?某些動詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語可改為for引導(dǎo)的短語，這類動詞有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔給我買了一塊表。My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主語及物動詞賓語賓

15、語補足語）（SubjectVerbObjectComplement）有些及物動詞加上賓語后，它的意思表達還是不完整，這就需要再加上一個補足語來使句子的意思完整。賓補的作用是說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)，賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。賓語補足語通常由形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、V-ing形式等充當(dāng)。在感官動詞see, hear, watch, look at, listen to, feel, notice等及使役動詞make, let, have等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，該不定式符號to應(yīng)省去。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 請不要叫我露西。I found

16、the box empty. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老師要我們做一些練習(xí)題。We often hear her sing songs in her room.我們經(jīng)常聽見她在房間里唱歌?！緶剀疤崾尽吭趧釉~賓語后面跟著的是直接賓語還是賓語補足語，可由前面的賓語與其關(guān)系來判斷：若賓語與其后的部分不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則該動詞后跟的是雙賓語；若賓語和其后的部分有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則該動詞后跟的是復(fù)合賓語。試比較：Mother will cook us something English this evening.媽媽今

17、晚將為我們做些英國食物。（us和something不存在主謂關(guān)系，此處為雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)）We call that boy Tom.我們叫那個男孩湯姆。（That boy is Tom.合乎邏輯，即賓語that boy與Tom存在主謂關(guān)系，故此處為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)）六、there be句型there be句型主要用來表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be動詞后面有兩個或兩個以上的主語，be動詞的選用需要遵循“就近原則”。如：There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本書和一支鋼筆。課堂練習(xí)一. 說出劃線部分的句子成

18、分。1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister.6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Ch

19、ildrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.二用公式標出下面簡單句的類型。 1. Anna speaks Russian. _2. Daddy bought Tom a new dictionary. _3. Kate calls her cat Mimi. _4. Polly laughed. _5. Lily felt cold. _ 6. The picture looks beautiful. _7. Jim brought me my English books. _8. It

20、 is dangerous. _9. You must wait. _10. Mr Green cant keep the house tidy. _三. 選擇正確答案。 ( ) 1Look ! There _ some apples in that tree. A is B was C are D were ( ) 2. The ground must be just right _ too wet _ too dry. A. either; or B. both; and C. between; and D. neither; nor ( ) 3. He _ coffee at all.

21、He _ tea. A. doesnt like, prefers B. likes, doesnt prefer C. would like, not prefers D. prefers, is not food of ( ) 4. We _ happy about the price of meat. A. dont B. are not C. wont D. werent being ( ) 5. I _ trouble finding the place. A. didnt have many B. havent a great deal of C. didnt have much

22、D. hadnt a lot of ( ) 6. _ of us likes the film. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Some ( ) 7. They _ lunch at home every day. A. have not B. didnt have C. dont have D. have not any ( ) 8. They are _ young _ carry the box onto the table. A. enough; too B. too; to C. so; to D. very; to ( ) 9. The two girl

23、s are only two years old. This girl is _ than that one. A. not taller B. as tall C. so tall D. more taller ( ) 10. Some apples are _ than these oranges. A. not bigger B. big C. small D. much big 課后鞏固一單項選擇( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 2. There _ a footba

24、ll match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be( ) 3. There _ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. was C. seems D. are( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there( ) 5. There _ more tha

25、n two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month.A. was B. were C. have been D. are( ) 6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _.A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait ( ) 7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( ) 8. Did

26、 you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match.A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( ) 9. What did your father say just now? Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked( ) 10. You _ first and I _ behind.A

27、. go; was followingB. will go; follow C. will go; followedD. go; will follow( ) 11. On Sunday I often stay at home and do some _. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read ( ) 12. My mother often asks me _ early. A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up( ) 13. The teacher told her students _ in p

28、ublic. A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shout ( ) 14. The teacher told the boy _ late again . A. to not be B. not be C. not to be D. to be ( ) 15. He talked _ fast for us _ catch up with. A. so ,that B. such ,that C. enough , to D. too, to( ) 16. The man downstairs found _ very

29、difficult to get to sleep. A. them B. that C. what D. it ( ) 17. Chinese _ by many people in the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. is speaking D. spoke( ) 18. Whats your mother? _. A. She is a worker. B. She is nice. C. She is cooking supper. D. She works in a shop. ( ) 19. May I use your bike? _. Its broken. A. Yes, please. B. Im afraid not. C. sure D. No, thanks. ( ) 20. _is your mother today? She is much better.A. How B. What C. Where D