CDM項目設(shè)計TheCDMprojectdesig

1、2020/7/22,Slide 1,CDM項目設(shè)計The CDM project design,中國CDM能力建設(shè)項目培訓講義Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China,2020/7/22,Slide 2,CDM項目流程： The CDM Project Cycle,設(shè)計,審定/注冊,監(jiān)測,核查/認證,簽發(fā)CERs,PP： 項目參與方 DOE：指定經(jīng)營實體 EB： 執(zhí)行理事會 CER： 經(jīng)核證的減排,2020/7/22,Slide 3,項目參與者：Project participants,項目參與者或是指一參與CDM項目活動

2、的締約方，或指經(jīng)某締約方批準在該締約方負責之下參與CDM項目活動的私營和/或公共實體。 In accordance with the use of the term project participant in the CDM modalities and procedures, a project participant is either a Party involved or, in accordance with paragraph 33 of the CDM modalities and procedures, a private and/or public entity autho

3、rized by a Party to participate, under the Partys responsibility, in CDM project activities. 項目參與者是指就如何分配所考慮的項目活動產(chǎn)生的CERs 作出決定的締約方或私營和/或公共實體。 Project participants are Parties or private and/or public entities that take decisions on the allocation of CERs from the project activity under consideration.

4、,2020/7/22,Slide 4,項目設(shè)計文件：第二版, 2004年7月1日：Project Design Document：version 02, July 1, 2004,項目活動的一般性說明 基準方法學 項目活動的起始與期限/減排額計入期 監(jiān)測方法學和計劃 溫室氣體排放計算 環(huán)境影響 利害相關(guān)方的評價 附 件 附件1：項目活動參與方的信息 附件2：政府官方提供資金的信息 附件3：新基準線方法學 附件4：新監(jiān)測方法學 附件5：表格：基準線數(shù)據(jù),General description of project activity Baseline methodology Starting da

5、te and duration of the project activity/Crediting period Monitoring methodology and plan Calculations of GHG emissions Environmental impacts Stakeholder Comments Annexes Annex 1: Information on participants in the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: New baseline m

6、ethodology Annex 4: New monitoring methodology Annex 5: Table: Baseline data,2020/7/22,Slide 5,基本原則：General principles,完整性：Completeness 精確性：Accuracy 可比性：Comparability 透明性：Transparency,2020/7/22,Slide 6,完整性：Completeness,渦輪機、加熱過程、鍋爐等 Turbines, process heaters, boilers etc. 燃燒 Flaring 溢散排放 Fugitive emi

7、ssions 焚化 Incinerators 化學反應(yīng)的揮發(fā) Chemical process vents 運輸 Transport 能源輸入/輸出 Imported/exported energy,充分考慮并報告在確定范圍內(nèi)所有溫室氣體排放的源及活動，并對任何排除在外的情況予以說明。 Account for and report on all GHG emission sources and activities within the chosen project boundary. Disclose and justify any specific exclusions.,2020/7/2

8、2,Slide 7,精確性：Accuracy,精確性問題可分為：Accuracy can be classified into: 誤差 Errors: 計算誤差 （不正確的因子、假設(shè)） Calculation errors (inappropriate factors, assumptions etc) 在確定基準或排放時缺乏透明性：Lack of clarity within the methods for determining GHG emissions or baselines 數(shù)據(jù)管理的弱點（如人工轉(zhuǎn)記誤差）：Data management weaknesses e.g. manua

9、l transposition errors 不確定性 Uncertainties: 技術(shù)限制： Technological limitations 缺少數(shù)據(jù)來源：Lack of source data,所有通過計量、計算、估算的溫室氣體在紀錄、運算、匯總和報告的過程中力求正確。 Accuracy means that (e.g.) the GHG data is recorded (through measurement, calculation, estimation), processed, reported and aggregated accurately.,2020/7/22,Sl

10、ide 8,透明性：Transparency,所有的假設(shè)應(yīng)清楚地說明 All assumptions are clearly stated 所有背景資料引用應(yīng)清楚 All background material is clearly referenced 使用方法及選擇原理應(yīng)予解釋 The rationale for selection and use of methodologies, as well as the use of such are clearly explained 對討論的問題應(yīng)有一個清楚地結(jié)論 There is a clear conclusion or decision

11、 from all presented discussions 所有使用的公式應(yīng)予規(guī)定 All formulas used for calculations are stated 所有的計算應(yīng)是具體的 All calculations are incorporated or referenced 保密信息應(yīng)清楚識別 Confidential information is clearly identified,2020/7/22,Slide 9,良好的項目設(shè)計實踐：Good Practice for project design,確定職責 Define Responsi-bilities,識別排

12、放源Identify GHG Emission Sources （基準與項目） (Baseline and project),確定計算方法Determine GHG Calculation Methods （基準與項目） (Baseline and project),計算排放量 Calculate Emissions,匯總/總排放整理Collation/ Aggregation of Total Emissions,保持文件體系 Maintain Supporting Documen- tation,匯整PDD或監(jiān)測報告 Finalise PDD or monitoring Reports,評

13、審并改進報告Review and improve the report,2020/7/22,Slide 10,PDD A項：項目活動的一般性說明PDD SECTION A: General description of project activity,A.1 項目活動名稱：Title of the project activity: A.2. 項目活動描述：Description of the project activity: A.3. 項目參與方： Project participants: A.4. 項目活動的技術(shù)說明：Technical description of the proj

14、ect activity: A.4.1.項目活動的地點：Location of the project activity: A.4.2.項目活動類別： Category(ies) of project activity: A.4.3.項目活動將采用的技術(shù)：Technology to be employed by the project activity: A.4.4.簡要解釋擬議的清潔發(fā)展機制項目活動將如何減少人為溫室氣體源的人為排放量（包括說明為什么當沒有擬議的項目活動時就不會發(fā)生相應(yīng)的減排量，要考慮到國家和/或部門政策和實情）： Brief explanation of how the a

15、nthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed CDM project activity, including why the emission reductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed project activity, taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstan

16、ces: A.4.5.項目活動的政府官方融資：Public funding of the project activity:,2020/7/22,Slide 11,PDD B項：適用的基準線方法PDD SECTION B: Application of a baseline methodology,B.1. 應(yīng)用于該項目活動的方法學名稱和參考文獻： Title and reference of the approved baseline methodology applied to the project activity: B.1.1.選擇該方法學的理由和為什么它可適用于該項目活動 Just

17、ification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: B.2. 說明該方法學如何應(yīng)用于該項目活動： Description of how the methodology is applied in the context of the project activity: B.3. 說明各種溫室氣體源的人為排放量如何減少到低于沒有該已登記的CDM項目活動時所出現(xiàn)的排放水平 Description of how the anthropogenic emissions

18、of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity: B.4. 說明與選用的基準線方法學相關(guān)的項目邊界定義如何應(yīng)用于該項目活動： Description of how the definition of the project boundary related to the baseline methodology selected is applied to the project activity: B

19、.5. 基準線確定的詳細說明， 包括基準線研究完成日期與人員/機構(gòu)名稱 Details of baseline information, including the date of completion of the baseline study and the name of person (s)/entity (ies) determining the baseline:,2020/7/22,Slide 12,PDD C項：項目活動期限/減排額計入期 PDD SECTION C: Duration of the project activity / Crediting period,C.1

20、 項目活動期限： Duration of the project activity: C.2 排額計入期的選擇和相關(guān)信息 Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. 可更新的計入期(最長每一期七(7)年) Renewable crediting period C.2.2. 固定的計入期(最長十(10)年) Fixed crediting period:,綠色領(lǐng)域的項目一般會選擇7年、更新2期的計入期，棕色領(lǐng)域的項目一般會選擇10年固定計入期 Experience: “Greenfield” projects of

21、ten select the option of seven years and 2 renewal periods, “brown field” projects often select a 10 years fixed crediting period.,2020/7/22,Slide 13,PDD D項：適用的監(jiān)測方法和計劃 PDD SECTION D. Application of a monitoring methodology and plan,D.1. 應(yīng)用于該項目活動的經(jīng)核準的方法學名稱和參考文獻： Name and reference of approved monitor

22、ing methodology applied to the project activity: D.2. 選擇該方法學的理由和為什么它可應(yīng)用于該項目活動 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: D.2. 1.選擇1：監(jiān)測項目和基準情景的排放 Option 1: Monitoring of the emissions in the project scenario and the baseline scenario D. 2.2. 選擇2：直

23、接監(jiān)測項目的減排量 Option 2: Direct monitoring of emission reductions from the project activity D.2.3. 監(jiān)測計劃中泄漏的設(shè)備 Treatment of leakage in the monitoring plan D.2.4. 說明用于估算項目減排的公式 Description of formulae used to estimate emission reductions for the project activity D.3. 實施監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量控制和保證程序 Quality control (QC) a

24、nd quality assurance (QA) procedures are being undertaken for data monitored D.4. 說明項目實施單位為監(jiān)測項目減排及泄漏運行和管理結(jié)構(gòu) Please describe the operational and management structure that the project operator will implement in order to monitor emission reductions and any leakage effects, generated by the project acti

25、vity D.5. 確定監(jiān)測方法人員/機構(gòu)的信息 Name of person/entity determining the monitoring methodology:,2020/7/22,Slide 14,PDD E項：計算各種溫室氣體源的排放量PDD SECTION E: Estimation of GHG emissions by sources,E.1.說明溫室氣體源的排放量： Estimate of GHG emissions by sources: E.2.預(yù)期的泄漏： Estimated leakage: E.3.E.1和E.2之和表示該項目活動的排放量： The sum o

26、f E.1 and E.2 representing the project activity emissions: E.4.說明溫室氣體源的人為排放量的基準 Estimated anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases of the baseline: E.5. E.4和E.3之差表示該項目活動的減排量： Difference between E.4 and E.3 representing the emission reductions of the project activity E.6. 列出應(yīng)用上述公式時得到的數(shù)值

27、的表格： Table providing values obtained when applying formulae above,2020/7/22,Slide 15,項目邊界與泄漏：Project Boundaries and Leakage,項目邊界：Project boundary 項目邊界項目邊界應(yīng)包括在項目參與者控制范圍內(nèi)的、數(shù)量可觀并可合理歸因于清潔發(fā)展機制項目活動的所有溫室氣體(GHG)源人為排放量。 The project boundary shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse

28、 gases (GHG) under the control of the project participants that are significant and reasonably attributable to the CDM project activity. 泄漏定義：Leakage: 為項目邊界之外出現(xiàn)的并且是可測量的和可歸因于清潔發(fā)展機制項目活動的溫室氣體(GHG)源人為排放量的凈變化。 Leakage is defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases

29、(GHG) which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.,2020/7/22,Slide 16,泄漏：Leakage,確保所有由于項目產(chǎn)生的排放都應(yīng)予以考慮。泄漏可能是負面的也可能是正面的。對正面的泄漏可以根據(jù)保守的原則予以忽略，而對負面的泄漏影響則必須考慮。 Ensure that all emissions that are affected by the project are taken into accou

30、nt. Leakage might be positive or negative. When/if identified, positive leakage may not be accounted for in order to be conservative in ER estimation. Negative leakage effects should always be accounted for unless explicitly stated otherwise in the methodology. 例如：Examples: 生物質(zhì)的運輸：Transport of biomass 生物質(zhì)的缺乏導致石化燃料消費：Scarcity of biomass forces increase in fossil fuel consumption 與施工有關(guān)的排放：Construction related emissions,2020/7/22,Slide 17,溫室氣體排放源：GHG emissions by sources,直接現(xiàn)場排放 Direct on-site emissions 直接非現(xiàn)場排放 Direct off-site emissions 非直接現(xiàn)場排放 I