新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語四UNIT4

1、the credit card trap 1 i have a confession. several years ago, i was standing in a queue to collect some theatre tickets for my family, and my friend was doing the same for hers. i got mine, and paid for them by credit card, feeling contented by the convenience of this cash- free transaction. it was

2、 then her turn to pay. the whole operation passed as smoothly as mine, but my delight soon turned to abject shame. my credit card was a fairly pathetic, status-free dark blue, whereas hers was a very exclusive gold one.,text,2 how did she do this? how could this be? i knew i earned more than her, my

3、 car was newer, and my house was smarter. how did she get to appear more flash than me? 3 now, i had a job which was as steady as any job was in those days thats to say, not very, but you know, no complaints. i had a mortgage on my house, but then who didnt? i paid off all my credit debt at the end

4、of the month, so although technically, i was in debt to the credit card company, it was only for a matter of a few weeks. so i assumed i had a good credit rating.,text,4 call me superficial, and im not proud of myself, but there and then, i was suddenly jealous of my friend. i decided i no longer wa

5、nted a blue card. i wanted a gold one. a gold card was suddenly indispensable, it would make me feel good with myself, and desirable to others. 5 so i applied for the most distinctive, shiny golden card the company offered. 6 i was turned down.,text,7 when i had recovered from the shock, which took

6、several seconds, i asked why. it appears that because i pay my credit card bill both on time and in full, im not the kind of person that they want to have their gold credit card. they target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks, tempted to spend more than they hav

7、e, and liable to fall behind with repayments. then they can charge them more interest, and earn more money. thats the way they do business.,text,8 so does this explain why the credit card companies are luring impoverished students with unrealistic interest rates, like my kids? 9 three weeks ago, no.

8、 2 daughter came home from university for the weekend. shes in her second term of her first year. she has a student loan of 3,000, like most of her friends, and a small allowance from her poor mother (ha!) for transport, books, living expenses. she wears clothes from the local charity shops, and rar

9、ely goes out. she hugged me (never usually does that) and then said, mum, i need to talk to you.,text,10 what is it, darling? tell me everything. 11 ive applied for a credit card, and i need someone to act as a guarantee for me. is it ok if i put down your name? thanks so much, mum, must dash! bye.

10、,text,12 after id hauled her back into the house, it transpired that her bank had written to her offering a credit card at a low interest for a trial three-month period, subject to suitability . and so on. her bank! i trusted them! they know even better than i do how broke she is. 13 heres a serious

11、 question. why do they call them credit cards when it would be more accurate to call them debt cards?,text,14 heres an even more serious story. another friends daughter, kelly, was studying modern languages at university, and spent a year overseas. at some point in the year, there was a change of pr

12、ocedure, and kellys bank failed to allow her to access her funds in her current account, because the request was from outside the uk. naturally, there was a lengthy correspondence while she tried to sort this out, so the delay in being able to access her funds meant that she went into the red, and h

13、er debts began to rise more than 200 above the agreed limit on her overdraft of 1,500.,text,15 when kelly got back home, the bank charged her 100 for going over the limit, and insisted she paid 30 a month to bring the balance back to below her limit. they omitted to tell her that she wasnt actually

14、paying off the debt, but only the exorbitant interest on the overspend of the overdraft. 16 so kelly had to turn to her credit card which she had used sensibly and sparingly until that point. because she was a student, and because she didnt use it much, naturally her credit limit was low.,text,17 an

15、d not surprisingly, she couldnt pay off even the minimum payment on her credit card bill. so there were not only bank,text,charges owing, but also credit card debts and interest. and of course, she was recorded as being a bad credit risk.,18 things then went from bad to worse. a few months into her

16、final year, the bank notified her that it was going to reduce her overdraft from 1,500 to 1,000. they told her to apply for a student loan to cover the rest. but when the loan company did a credit check, they discovered the card debt. 19 guess what? she didnt get the loan.,text,20 this was a delight

17、ful kid who had great restraint with her spending and was economical about her lifestyle. she didnt go on spending sprees buying new shoes, and she didnt use her credit card as if (unlike me) it was a fashion item. she used it to buy food, to survive. 21 and what happened? she had to drop out of uni

18、versity.,text,22 i wish there was a happy ending to kellys story, although maybe there will be. for the moment, shes working in the local supermarket, and its probable that shell have another go at university when she has paid off her debts. 23 so this is what the banks do. they set traps which appe

19、al to our vanity and greed and sometimes to our basic need for survival. and then when we fall into the trap they shout got you! didnt you realize it was a trap?,text,24 and here we are today, caught in the credit crunch, with world economies in free fall, all because the wicked bankers set us traps

20、 which we fell into, attracting us with endless publicity for loans of money which even they didnt have! it now appears they were borrowing on their own flashy gold credit cards too. 25 so i have a solution to the credit card trap, and i want all of you to listen to me very carefully.,text,26 i want

21、 you to lay out all of your credit cards in a line, take a large pair of scissors and cut them into small pieces. then put them in an envelope and send them to your bank, with a letter saying (more or less) i trusted you and you deceived me. youve got the whole world into this ridiculous credit card

22、 trap, and if i now cut your cards in half, and take away your potential to tempt money away from honest people like me, maybe it will be your turn to learn what its like to run out of cash.,text,27 as for me, i dont want any more credit cards, no more status symbols, no more bad feelings about wish

23、ing i could show how superior i am to others. im not going to yearn any more for what i cannot afford or cannot have.,text,信用卡陷阱 1 有一件事我得坦白。幾年前，我排隊(duì)為家人取戲票時(shí)，我的朋友也在為她的家人取票。我拿到了票，用信用卡付了賬，對(duì)這種非現(xiàn)金交易的便利感到很滿意。然后就輪到她付款了，整個(gè)交易也進(jìn)行得同樣順利，但我的高興勁兒很快就變成了莫大的羞恥：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不顯示身份地位的深藍(lán)色卡，而她的信用卡則是高級(jí)的金卡。,text,2 她是怎樣弄到金卡的？怎么

24、會(huì)這樣呢？我知道我掙得比她多，我的車比她的車新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起來顯得比我光鮮呢？ 3 我有一份跟那時(shí)候任何工作相比還算安定的工作雖然不是非常安定，不過我也沒什么可抱怨的。我是通過按揭貸款買的房子，可那會(huì)兒誰買房不貸款呢？我每個(gè)月底都付清信用卡欠款。所以，雖然從技術(shù)上講，我欠過信用卡公司的錢，但只是欠幾個(gè)星期而已。所以我認(rèn)為我的信用等級(jí)應(yīng)該很高。,text,4 你可以說我膚淺，而我也并不感到自豪。但就在當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)?，我突然非常嫉妒那位朋友，我決定不要藍(lán)色信用卡了，我要一張金卡。金卡突然變得不可或缺，它會(huì)讓我自我感覺良好，會(huì)讓別人覺得我更有魅力。 5 于是，我去信用卡公司申請(qǐng)最特別、最

25、耀眼的金卡。 6 可是，我的申請(qǐng)被拒絕了。,text,7 過了幾秒鐘，我才從這個(gè)打擊中回過神來，我問自己為什么被拒絕。顯然，因?yàn)槲颐看味及磿r(shí)全額付清信用卡欠款，所以我不是他們想要的那種金卡客戶。他們的目標(biāo)客戶是那些隨時(shí)有購物刷卡的沖動(dòng)、有潛在信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)不住誘惑超支消費(fèi)、并且經(jīng)常延期還款的人。這樣他們才有機(jī)會(huì)收取更多的利息，掙更多的錢，這就是他們的經(jīng)營之道。,text,8 這能夠解釋為什么信用卡公司會(huì)用超低利率誘惑像我們家孩子那樣的窮大學(xué)生嗎? 9 三個(gè)星期前，我的二女兒回家過周末。她在讀大一第二學(xué)期。和她的大多數(shù)朋友一樣，她借了3,000 英鎊的學(xué)生貸款，并從她可憐的媽媽（哈?。┠抢锏玫揭恍?/p>

26、筆補(bǔ)貼，用于支付交通費(fèi)、書費(fèi)和生活費(fèi)用。她穿的衣服是從當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬粕痰曩I來的，并且她平時(shí)也很少出門。她擁抱了我( 她以前從不擁抱我)，然后說：“媽媽，我有事要跟您商量。”,text,10 “親愛的，什么事啊？都說出來讓我聽聽。” 11 “我申請(qǐng)了一張信用卡，需要保證人，我可以填您的名字嗎? 非常感謝，媽媽，我得趕快走啦，再見。”,text,12 我費(fèi)了好大勁兒才把她從外面拽了回來。原來她的銀行來信告訴她說：她可以申請(qǐng)一張?jiān)囉闷跒槿齻€(gè)月的、能夠低息貸款的信用卡，只要滿足要求如此云云。她的銀行！我才不相信他們！他們甚至比我更清楚，我的女兒一貧如洗。 13 這里存在一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題：準(zhǔn)確地說這種卡應(yīng)該叫

27、債務(wù)卡，他們?yōu)槭裁匆Q其為信用卡呢？,text,14 還有一個(gè)更為嚴(yán)肅的故事。我一個(gè)朋友的女兒凱麗在大學(xué)攻讀現(xiàn)代語言，其中一年在國外留學(xué)。在留學(xué)那一年的某段時(shí)間，由于程序上的變動(dòng)，凱麗的銀行限制她在除英國之外的其他國家支取現(xiàn)金賬戶的資金。通過書信同銀行交涉的時(shí)間相當(dāng)長，而未能及時(shí)支取賬戶資金使她欠了銀行的債，欠款額超過了透支額度（1,500英鎊）200多英鎊。,text,15 凱麗回國后，銀行因?yàn)樗Э哿怂?00英鎊，并堅(jiān)持要她每月支付30英鎊，以使她的支出能重新控制在透支額度之內(nèi)。但銀行沒有告訴她，每月支付的30英鎊并不是用來償清欠款，而只是支付超額透支的巨額利息。 16 因此凱麗不得不求

28、助于信用卡。在此之前她在用信用卡時(shí)一直非常小心謹(jǐn)慎，并且也很少用信用卡。由于她是學(xué)生，又很少用信用卡，她的信用額度自然就比較低。,text,17 毫不奇怪，她甚至無法償還信用卡賬單的最小還款額。所以她不僅欠銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)，而且還欠信用卡的賬款及利息。當(dāng)然，她因此被銀行登記為信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的人。,text,18 事情越來越糟。大學(xué)最后一年剛過幾個(gè)月，銀行就通知她：她的透支額度由1,500英鎊減少到1,000英鎊。他們讓她申請(qǐng)學(xué)生貸款來填補(bǔ)缺口。可是，貸款公司檢查她的銀行信用時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了她的信用卡欠款。 19 猜猜結(jié)果如何？她沒有申請(qǐng)到學(xué)生貸款。,text,20 凱麗是個(gè)討人喜歡的孩子，消費(fèi)節(jié)制有度，生活節(jié)儉

29、。她并沒有瘋狂刷卡買鞋子，也沒有把信用卡當(dāng)成時(shí)髦玩意兒（不像我），她只是用信用卡買食物等生活必需品。 21 結(jié)果怎樣呢？她不得不退學(xué)。,text,22 我希望凱麗的故事會(huì)有個(gè)好的結(jié)局，也許會(huì)有好結(jié)局的?，F(xiàn)在，她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患页泄ぷ?，等她還清債務(wù)后可能會(huì)繼續(xù)完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。 23 這就是銀行的所作所為。他們常常利用我們的虛榮和貪婪，有時(shí)也利用我們生存的基本需求給我們?cè)O(shè)下陷阱。等我們掉進(jìn)陷阱時(shí)，他們就會(huì)大喊：“抓住你啦！你當(dāng)初沒想到這是個(gè)陷阱吧？”,text,24 這就是我們現(xiàn)在的處境。隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一落千丈，我們都處在信貸危機(jī)之中。所有這一切都是因?yàn)樾皭旱你y行家通過大量廣告推銷他們壓根就不存在的貸款

30、來吸引我們，給我們?cè)O(shè)圈套。現(xiàn)在真相大白了：他們也在用自己手中金光閃閃的金卡借錢！ 25 我有一個(gè)破解信用卡圈套的辦法，各位請(qǐng)仔細(xì)聽。,text,26 我要你們把所有的信用卡排成一排，拿一把大剪子把它們剪成碎片，然后把碎片裝進(jìn)信封寄回給銀行，并附上一封信，上面（或多或少地）寫上：“我信任你，可你卻欺騙了我。你讓全世界的人都鉆進(jìn)了這個(gè)荒謬的信用卡圈套。我把你的卡剪成了兩半，讓你再也不能像騙我這樣的老實(shí)人一樣去騙其他人的錢了，也許該讓你來體驗(yàn)一下身無分文的滋味了?！?text,27 至于我，我再也不想要信用卡了，也不要身份的象征了，也不用費(fèi)心思去炫耀我比別人優(yōu)越了。我再也不會(huì)奢望我買不起或我無法得到

31、的東西了。,text,words to an acceptable extent 相當(dāng)，很；還算 e.g. 1. she seemed fairly philosophical about the loss. 她對(duì)所受損失似乎還算看得開。 2. shes fairly responsive to new ideas. 她相當(dāng)愿意接受新觀念。 3. i was fairly certain she had nothing to do with the affair. 我相當(dāng)肯定她與此事無關(guān)。 2) honestly; with justice 公平地；公正地 e.g. i think he wa

32、s quite fairly treated by the police. 我認(rèn)為警察對(duì)他非常公正。,words they only made them the more glaring and the more pathetic. 金錢和漂亮衣服都不能彌補(bǔ)這些缺點(diǎn)，也不能把它們掩飾起來；反而使這些缺點(diǎn)更刺眼、更討厭。 2) if someone or sth. looks or sounds pathetic, you feel sympathy for them 可憐的；令人同情的 e.g. it was pathetic to watch her condition deteriorat

33、e day by day. 看著她的健康狀況日益惡化，真是可憐。,words distinctive handwriting is writing you dont confuse with someone elses.,words a deficit in a bank account caused by drawing more money than the account holds 透支額；透支 e.g. 1. you can have a $1000 overdraft on this account. 這個(gè)帳戶可以透支1000美金。 2. i take out an overdra

34、ft to pay for my new car. 我用透支的錢買新車。 3. an overdraft resulted when a $1000 cheque was drawn against only $900 in the account. 當(dāng)賬戶上只有900美元時(shí)你支取1000美元，那就造成了透支。,words & phrases,omit vt. fail to include someone or sth. , either deliberately or because you forget 疏忽；省略；遺漏 e.g. 1. ill not wish to omit this

35、 valuable book from my reading. 我可不愿漏看這本有價(jià)值的書。 2. every duty which we omit obscures some truth which we should have known. 每個(gè)忽略的責(zé)任里都隱含著我們應(yīng)該明白的一些真理。 word family: omission n. see also: omit to do sth.,words & phrases,exorbitant a. an exorbitant price or amount of money is much more than is reasonable

36、（價(jià)格或金額）過高的，不合理的 e.g. 1. the biologist decided to try out that exorbitant device. 生物學(xué)家決定試用那套昂貴的設(shè)備。 2. that seaside hotel charges exorbitant prices during the summer holidays. 那家海濱旅館在夏天休假期間漫天要價(jià)。 word family: exorbitance n.,words & phrases,overspend n. & v. 1) n. sing an extra amount that you should no

37、t have spent 超支額 e.g. at the next meeting i intend to ask the treasurer to account publicly for the overspend on his expenses allowance. 在下次會(huì)議上我想讓會(huì)計(jì)當(dāng)眾解釋他津貼支出的超額部分。 2) v. spend more money than you should or more than you intended to （使）超支 e.g. they are encouraged to overspend and borrow money. 有人鼓勵(lì)他們

38、超支和借款。,words & phrases,sensibly ad. in a sensible way 合理地；明智地 sensible a. reasonable, practical, and showing good judgment 明智的，合理的，實(shí)際的 e.g. 1. theres a lot to be said for eating sensibly. 飲食合理的好處不勝枚舉。 2. they sensibly invested their prize money rather than spending it. 他們明智地把獎(jiǎng)金用于投資而不是花掉。 3. sometime

39、s turning tail is the only sensible thing to do. 有時(shí)出逃是唯一明智之舉。 word family: sensibility n.,words & phrases,sparingly ad. in small quantities 少量地 e.g. 1. this expensive spice was used only sparingly in cooking. 這種價(jià)格不菲的調(diào)味品僅在烹調(diào)時(shí)少量地使用。 2. i lived near a year upon the money, spending very sparingly, and e

40、king things out to the utmost. 我就靠著這點(diǎn)錢，克勤克儉，七拼八湊地幾乎過了一年。 word family: sparing a. e.g. we must be sparing with our resources. 我們必須節(jié)約使用資源。,words & phrases,notify vt. inform someone officially about sth. 通知；告知；報(bào)告 e.g. 1. they will notify her when to appear in court. 他們將通知她何時(shí)出庭。 2. any infectious diseas

41、e must be notified at once to the health ministry. 出現(xiàn)任何傳染性疾病都必須馬上通知衛(wèi)生部。 word family: notification n.,words & phrases,delightful a. very pleasant or attractive 令人愉快的；討人喜歡的；迷人的；漂亮的 e.g. 1. the wind blew delightful odors from the pine forests. 風(fēng)從松林中吹來陣陣沁人的芳香。 2. peter played a delightful melody on his

42、flute. 彼得用笛子吹奏了一支歡快的曲子。 3. he was a most delightful companion, full of wit and humour. 他是一個(gè)很惹人喜愛的伴侶，十分機(jī)智幽默。 word family: delight n.,words & phrases,restraint n. u the limit or control of the expression of strong emotion or opinion 控制；抑制；克制 e.g. 1. his affections were kept under continual restraint.

43、他的感情一直受到壓抑。 2. he gave himself up to evil without restraint. 他胡作非為，肆無忌憚。 self-restraint n. u the ability to stop yourself doing or saying something, even though you want to, because it is more sensible not to do or say it 自我克制，自我約束 e.g. the un appealed for both sides to exercise self-restraint.,word

44、s & phrases,聯(lián)合國呼吁雙方要自我克制。,economical a. not costing or spending much money 不浪費(fèi)的；節(jié)約的 e.g. 1. i have to buy a more economical stove. 我得買一個(gè)更節(jié)省燃料的火爐。 2. the invention of diesel engines enabled transportation to become more economical. 柴油機(jī)的發(fā)明使交通運(yùn)輸更經(jīng)濟(jì)了。 cf. economic a. relating to trade, industry, and the

45、 management of money 經(jīng)濟(jì)上的,words & phrases,fill in the blanks with economical, economically or economic. 1. the country is in a bad _ state, so we must reduce profits. 國家經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不佳，所以我們應(yīng)減少利潤。 2. to rent a house is more _ than to buy one. 租房比買房更經(jīng)濟(jì)。 3. governments should also protect this resource by provi

46、ding water in more _ and environmentally sound ways. (cet4-2001-06) 政府應(yīng)通過更加節(jié)約和環(huán)保的供水方式來保護(hù)這一資源。,words & phrases,economic,economical,economically,spree n. c a short period that you spend doing a particular activity, especially sth. enjoyable such as spending money or drinking alcohol（尤指）狂歡作樂 e.g. 1. sh

47、e recently went on a huge shopping spree with her christmas bonus. 最近她拿著圣誕發(fā)的紅包瘋狂購物。 2. our team went on a scoring spree and won by ten goals to zero. 我們的球隊(duì)繼續(xù)瘋狂進(jìn)球，以十比零取勝。,words & phrases,probable a. likely to happen or be true 很可能的；很可能發(fā)生的 e.g. 1. the probable outcome of the talks is a compromise. 會(huì)談的

48、結(jié)果很可能是妥協(xié)。 2. it is probable that she might change her mind at the last minute. 她大概會(huì)在最后時(shí)刻改變主意。 word family: probability n.,words & phrases,vanity n. u the fact of being too proud of your abilities, or too interested in your appearance 自負(fù)；虛榮 e.g. 1. his vanity brought his downfall. 他因虛榮心太重而垮臺(tái)。 2. hes

49、not only weak but also admires vanity. 他既軟弱又愛慕虛榮。 3. the girls vanity surprised me. 這個(gè)女孩子的虛榮心使我吃驚。 vanity table 梳妝臺(tái),words & phrases,greed n. u a strong wish to have more money, things, or power than you need 貪婪；貪心 e.g. 1. does nature punish man for his greed? 自然會(huì)懲罰人的貪婪嗎？ 2. the miser was an incarnat

50、ion of greed. 那個(gè)守財(cái)奴是貪婪的化身。 word family: greedy a.,words & phrases,crunch n. & vi. 1) n. c (usu sing) a situation that is very difficult because you do not have enough of sth., especially time or money （尤指缺乏時(shí)間或金錢的）危機(jī)，危急關(guān)頭 e.g. 1. he was caught in a financial crunch. 他陷入財(cái)政危機(jī)。 2. when it comes to the c

51、runch you chicken out. 一到緊要關(guān)頭，你就退縮。 2) vi. make a noise like sth. being crushed 發(fā)出嘎吱嘎吱的響聲 e.g. the frozen snow crunched under our feet. 凍結(jié)的雪踩上去嘎吱作響。,words & phrases,wicked a. 1) morally wrong and deliberately intending to hurt people 缺德的；邪惡的 e.g. it is wicked to give currency to lying scandals. 傳播無根

52、據(jù)的謠言是不道德的。 2) slightly cruel but not intending to upset people 惡作劇的；搗蛋的 e.g. the little boy had a wicked twinkle in his eyes. 這個(gè)男孩的眼睛里閃爍著調(diào)皮的光。,words & phrases,banker n. c someone who has an important position in a bank or other financial organization 銀行家；銀行高級(jí)職員 e.g. 1. she was the daughter of a pros

53、perous banker. 她是一個(gè)富有的銀行家的女兒。 2. primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor. 銀行家與客戶的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人與債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。,words & phrases,publicity n. u attention in magazines, newspapers, or television 報(bào)道，宣傳 e.g. 1. the new project gained publicity through papers. 這項(xiàng)新工程通過報(bào)紙得到廣泛宣傳。 2. the

54、ir marriage took place amid a blaze of publicity. 他們的婚禮轟動(dòng)一時(shí)。,words & phrases,flashy a. very fashionable or expensive in a way that is deliberately intended to impress people華麗的；奢華的 e.g. 1. because of the growing numbers of rich individuals, large houses and flashy cars are no longer a sufficient dem

55、onstration of wealth. 由于有錢人越來越多，豪宅名車已經(jīng)不足以展示財(cái)富了。 2. he was ill-equipped to handle the flashy showmanship of his opponent. 他根本沒有辦法應(yīng)付對(duì)手華美無比的表演技巧。 see also: flash.,words & phrases,deceive vt. trick someone by behaving in a dishonest way 欺騙 e.g. 1. nothing is easier than to deceive oneself. 再?zèng)]有什么比欺騙自己更容易

56、的了。 2. he deceived me into signing the papers. 他騙我在文件上簽了字。 word family: deception n.,words & phrases,yearn vi. (mainly literary) want sth. a lot, especially sth. that you know you may not be able to have 渴望；向往 e.g. 1. i yearn for things that expand the soul and not the pocket. 我渴望的是充實(shí)心靈而不是裝滿口袋。 2. m

57、ost of the young yearn to be beyond their parents control. 大部分的年輕人都渴望脫離父母的控制。,words & phrases,in full: completely, including the whole of sth. 全部地；足額地 e.g. 1. the tuition fee must be paid in full before next month. 學(xué)費(fèi)必須在下個(gè)月之前全額支付。 2. we shall reproduce this handbook in full. 我們將把這本手冊(cè)完整地復(fù)制一份。 3. the

58、message reads in full as follows. 電報(bào)全文如下。,words & phrases,put down: write sth. on a piece of paper 記下的姓名；登記 e.g. 1. let me put down your telephone number lest i forget it. 讓我先記下你的電話號(hào)碼，以免忘了。 2. everything he said was put down at once. 他說的話馬上被記了下來。 3. please put down your names, addresses and telephon

59、e numbers here. 請(qǐng)把你們的姓名、住址和電話號(hào)碼登記在這兒。,words & phrases,it transpired (that): (fml) used before you mention a fact or event that people did not know about 得知；事情是這樣的 e.g. 1. it transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank. 情況是這樣，這伙匪徒在銀行里有內(nèi)應(yīng)。 2. it transpired that mr. james had already hired a new secretary. 有消息說詹姆斯先生已經(jīng)雇了一名新秘書。,wo