英語并列句ppt課件.ppt

1、中考英語復(fù)習(xí)方案 語法部分,1,第二篇 詞法 簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句,復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn) 一、簡單句的五種句型 二、并列句 1、并列句的構(gòu)成： 2、并列句的分類： 1） 表示同等關(guān)系的并列句 2）表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句 3）表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句 4） 表示因果關(guān)系的并列句 5）其他形式的并列句 三、復(fù)合句 初中英語教材中涉及到的復(fù)合句主要有：賓語從句、狀語從句) 和 定語從句。,2,簡單句 簡單句只含有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而且句子的各個(gè)成分都由單詞或短語組成。簡單句根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分為五種： 1）主語+謂語Thediseasehasspreadallovertheworld. 2）主語+謂語+賓語Iboughtanew

2、bike. 3）主語+謂語+間賓+直賓Tomgavemeabirthdaypresent. 常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有： a)間接賓語后置時(shí)，其前用介詞to: give,how,send,bring,pass,lend,hand,tell,return,write,pay,throw,teach,promise等 b)間接賓語后置時(shí)，其前用介詞for: make, buy, do,get, paint,play,save,order,look,sing,find,serve等,難點(diǎn)鏈接,3,4）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語Isawhimseatedthere. 注意動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的情況： a)帶t

3、o的不定式：ask,tell,invite,get,beg,wish,want,like,prefer,hate,encourage,advice,warn 等 b)使役性動(dòng)詞have,make,let后要用不帶to的不定式 c)感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后的賓補(bǔ)如果與賓語在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用不帶to的不定式或用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；如果賓補(bǔ)與賓語在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 Isawthewindowclosed. 5）主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語Sheisadoctor. 系動(dòng)詞包括下面幾種： a) 表示感覺、視覺的系動(dòng)詞:seem,app

4、ear,look,taste,smell,sound,feel等 b) 表示變化的系動(dòng)詞 :become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,fall等 c) 表示保持某種狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞 :be,stay,remain,keep,continue,stand,sit等 以上所有這些系動(dòng)詞都可以直接跟adj. Standfirm.Dontletthemtellyouwhattodo.(要堅(jiān)定，別讓他們對你指手畫腳),難點(diǎn)鏈接,4,一、并列句的構(gòu)成： 并列句是由并列連詞and， but， or， for， so等把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上互不依從，但意思緊密聯(lián)系的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。其

5、結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。 二、并列句的分類： 1. 表示同等關(guān)系的并列句 這類并列句常用并列連詞and連接前后簡單句，and常譯為“和”、“并且”，也可不譯出來。例如：He likes playing football and he plays well. Last year l met Kate and we became friends. 2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句 這類并列句常用并列連詞but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等連接前后簡單句，but常譯為“但是”，“可是”，切不可與從屬連詞though或although一起使用。例如：

6、 It has no mouth, but it can talk. School is over, yet all the teachers are still working. He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. Its raining hard, however, we must go out.,并列句,難點(diǎn)鏈接,5,3. 表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句 這類并列句常用并列連詞or(或者，否則)等連接前后簡單句。 or有兩重含義： (1)譯為“或者”，表示選擇。例如： Now you can have a rest or

7、 you can go to the cinema(2)譯為“否則”、“要不然”，表示條件。例如： You must tell the truth， or you will be punished4. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列句 這類并列句常用并列連詞for，so等連接前后簡單句。(1)for在意義上與從屬連詞because，since和as相同，但它們引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，而for則連接兩個(gè)簡單句，前者表示結(jié)果，后者表示原因。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡單句(結(jié)果)+for+簡單句(原因)。例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。(2)so意為“因

8、此”、“所以”，但不能與because同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。因?yàn)閎ecause是從屬連詞，而是并列連詞，用來連接并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡單句(原因) +so牛簡單句(結(jié)果)。例如：Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead,并列句,難點(diǎn)鏈接,6,5. 其他形式的并列句(1)“祈使句+and+簡單句”。其中祈使句表示一個(gè)條件，并列連詞and引導(dǎo)的簡單句則表示一個(gè)較好的結(jié)果，謂語常用一般將來時(shí)。例如：Use your head, and you will find away(2)“祈使句+or+簡單句”。

9、祈使句表示一個(gè)條件，并列連詞or后的簡單句則表示一個(gè)不愉快或不理想的結(jié)果。例如：Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others(3)“either.or”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不是就是”，“或者或者”，例如：Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 習(xí)慣上將兩個(gè)句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.(4) “not onlybut also”意思為“不僅而且”，例如：not only the students have missed the school ca

10、r, but also the teacher has missed the school car. (5) “neithernor”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“既不也不”，“兩者都不”，用法與either or,not only but also相同。,并列句,難點(diǎn)鏈接,7,三、使用并列句要注意的幾種情況1. 并列句有時(shí)可不用連詞，而用分號(hào)隔開(前后句之間的關(guān)系須相當(dāng)緊密)。例如：We fished all day; we didnt catch a fish. 2. 并列連詞后的簡單句如果與其前的簡單句有相同的部分，則相同的部分?？墒÷浴＠纾篗y father works in a factory an

11、d my mother in a school. 3. 由so, nor, neither連接的并列句，后一簡單句為避免重復(fù),其成份常倒裝并省略一些。例如：He is not a student, nor am I. Beibei can swim, so can I.,并列句,難點(diǎn)鏈接,8,3、復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句的某個(gè)成分，如主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語、狀語等，由另一個(gè)句子承當(dāng)。,初中英語教材中涉及到的復(fù)合句主要有：The Object Clause (賓語從句)、The Adverbial Clause (狀語從句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定語從句)。其它諸如

12、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等形式的復(fù)合句盡管在教材中也有出現(xiàn)，但在中考中沒有被列為重點(diǎn)考查范圍。,難點(diǎn)鏈接,9,1.誤 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just no 正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. 析 在英語中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意義也不同于漢語，如：Both of us are not right. 在英語中應(yīng)被理解為我們倆不都對。而Neither of us is right。 才

13、能被理解為我們倆無一正確。 2.誤 He or his parents has some tickets for the film. 正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film. 析 由or 連接兩主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語保持一致。 3.誤 You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam. 正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. 析 or作為連詞，這里的意思為否則。又如：Hurry up, or youll

14、be late for school. 4.誤 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. 正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. 正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others. 析 雖然但是是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，但在英文中用了雖然則不要用但是，用了但是則不能再用雖然，二者只可用其一。,正誤辨析,10,5.誤 Either you or I are on duty. 正 Either you or I am on duty. 析 eith

15、eror 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語相呼應(yīng)，這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or, neither nor, not onlybut also等。 6.誤 Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. 正 Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now. 析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重復(fù)，但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略，也就是講連接

16、的部分不可省略。 7.誤 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. 正 My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. 析 由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞，如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式，這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。 8.誤 My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. 正 My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework.

17、 析 兩個(gè)并列句中間不可用逗號(hào)連接，要用并列連詞來連接。,正誤辨析,11,9.誤 We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. 正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. 析 用bothand作連接詞時(shí)，其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。 10.誤 Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. 正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. 析 由not only but also連接兩個(gè)主語

18、時(shí)，其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語，所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。 11. 誤 The teacher as well as his students are coming. 正 The teacher as well as his students is coming. 析 由as well as 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與as well as 后面的名詞無關(guān)，而與前面的名詞相一致。 12. 誤 Tom does not swim nor play football. 正 Tom does not swim or play football. 析 nor主要用于連接句子的對等連詞，如在否定句中連接

19、某一部分時(shí)要用or, 但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。 13.誤 After school some students play football, or others go to the library. 正 After school some students play football, while others go to the library. 析 while在此處意

20、為而，然而。,正誤辨析,12,選擇填空 1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it. A. andB. orC. if D. so 2. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A. Then B. butC. and D. or 3. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. An

21、dB. butC. soD. because 4. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry 5. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming. A. OrB. forC. whileD. so,A,A,D,D,C,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,13,6.

22、- Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out. A. OrB. andC. butD. so 7. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired. A. OrB. soC. forD. yet 8. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made 9. He lay in bed _ read some

23、thing borrowed from library. ButB. andC. orD. yet 10. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me 11. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet he B. but he

24、 C. AndD. he 12. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I had, _ Ive lost it. A. SinceB. butC. becauseD. so,A,C,A,B,A,D,B,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,14,13. - I dont like chicken _ fish. - I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much. A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but 14. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? -

25、Id like to, _ Im too busy. A. andB. soC. asD. but 15. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away? A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise 16. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived 17Work hard， _ youll catch up with others Aand Bbut Cor Dfor 18Be quick， _youll be late for