書面表達基礎五大句型結(jié)構(gòu).ppt

1、書面表達基礎五大句型結(jié)構(gòu)講與練,一、主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 句型(1) 主語+ be+ 表語(名詞/代詞) 【用法】在本句型中，名詞或代詞作表語，名詞或代詞可帶附加成分。要注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。 Im a college student. It must be a grammar mistake.,【練習】 人類居住的唯一家園是地球。 失敗為成功之母。 所有這些詞典都對我?guī)椭艽蟆?門口那輛摩托車不是我的。 倘若我是你，我就采納他的建議。,The only home for man to live on is the earth.,Failure is the mother of success.,Al

2、l these dictionaries are a great help to me.,The motorcycle at the gate is not mine.,If I were you, I would take his advice.,句型 (2) 主語+ be + 形容詞 + (介詞短語) 【用法】在本句型中，形容詞作表語。用于本句型的形容詞有： 一般形容詞，如 fine, busy, absent, rich, angry, different等；多數(shù)形容詞后有固定的介詞搭配。 表語形容詞，如ready, sure, certain, sorry, present, cont

3、ent, fond, alive, awake, asleep, alike, alone, afraid, ashamed, aware等。 跟of介詞短語的形容詞，如forgetful, doubtful, proud, full, free, short, careful, capable 跟of介詞短語，用來描述人的品行或特點的形容詞，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wise, rude, wrong, naughty等。 be ri

4、ch in, be busy with, be responsible for, be angry with, be different from, be fond of,【練習】 中國自然資源豐富。 王先生正忙于備課。 他對他兒子學習上的進步感到自豪。 他們?nèi)鄙贂r間和錢。 你真糊涂，竟然相信他說的話。 他總是樂于助人。,China is rich in natural resources.,He is very proud of his sons progress in study.,They are short of time and money.,Its very foolish of

5、you to believe what he said.,He is always ready to help others.,Mr. Wang is busy preparing for his lessons.,【句型】(3) 主語+ be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 【用法】在本句型中，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，大部分這類詞已被看作形容詞，它們用來修飾說明表示物的主語。用于本句型的現(xiàn)在分詞有：amusing(有趣的), boring(令人厭煩的), disappointing(令人失望的), charming(迷人的), inviting (引人注目的,吸引人的), confusing(混淆的), exciti

6、ng(令人興奮的), embarrassing(令人為難的), discouraging(令人氣餒的), disturbing(煩擾的), fascinating(迷人的), interesting, surprising(驚人的), missing, promising(有前途的), puzzling(令人迷惑的), shocking (駭人聽聞的), striking(引人注目的), pleasing(令人高興的), touching(動人的)，worrying(令人擔心的)等。This poem is very moving. His speech was very boring.,1.

7、他的話使人相當泄氣. 2.這部電影的結(jié)局是令人失望的. 3.我放在桌上的英語書不見了. 4.不斷增長的死亡人數(shù)是駭人聽聞的.,What he said was discouraging.,The end of the film is disappointing.,The English book I put on the desk is missing.,The increasing number of the death is shocking.,【句型】 (4) 主語+ be + 過去分詞 + (介詞短語) 【用法】在本句型中，過去分詞作表語，且常常帶介詞短語，介詞一般固定，不可隨便選用。

8、用于本句型的過去分詞有：be worried about, be disappointed at, be prepared for, be based on, be lost in, be devoted to, be equipped with, be absorbed in , be located in He is lost in thought. The room is equipped with air-conditioners. They are worried about their son.,1.我們要為下一次考試做準備. 2.我對他頻頻遲到很失望. 3.收到你的來信,我很高興

9、. 4.我們的教學樓座落在花園的前方.,We must be prepared for the next exam.,I am disappointed at his being late again and again.,I was delighted to hear from you .,Our teaching building is located in front of the garden.,【句型】 (5)主語+ be + 形容詞 + that從句 【用法】在本句型中形容詞作表語。連詞that引導的從句在下列形容詞后作賓語：sure, aware, careful, certai

10、n, determined等。that引導的從句在下列形容詞后作狀語：sorry, happy, glad, proud, satisfied, disappointed, pleased等。 Well quite sure that he will succeed. Im very glad that you were able to come.,1.我恐怕有著不一樣的觀點. 2.他很高興得到了上大學的機會. 3.我肯定這會對我們的自然環(huán)境造成影響. 4.如此多的動物瀕臨滅絕,我感到很難過.,I am afraid that I have a different opinion.,He wa

11、s glad that he got the opportunity to go to university.,I am sure that it will have an effect on our natural environment.,I feel sad that so many animals are endangered.,【句型】 (6) 主語+特殊連系動詞+ 表語 【用法】 常見的“特殊連系動詞”可分為三類：表示“變成某種狀態(tài)”意義的系動詞：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, prove, run, shine, turn, tu

12、rn out, wear, work. 表示“保持某種狀態(tài)”意義的系動詞：continue , die, go, hold, keep, lie, live, remain, rest , return, sit, stand, stay 表示 “自己感覺或令人感覺” 意義的系動詞：appear, feel , look, seem , smell, sound, taste。 Her ideal has come true Why do you keep silent?, 你的手摸起來很涼。 Your hand feels cold. 所有的樹葉都變黃了。 All the leaves ha

13、ve turned yellow. 他們在討論中全都保持沉默。 They all remained silent in the discussion.,二、主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 【句型】(1) There + be + 主語 + 狀語 【用法】在本句型中there僅起引導作用, 本身無詞義。謂語在前, 主語在后, 形成主謂倒裝。動詞be表示“有”或“存在”。謂語動詞應與其緊鄰的主語保持一致。be有時態(tài)的變化, 也可加入情態(tài)動詞。否定式是將not加在be動詞或助動詞之后, 作主語的名詞前常常帶有a/an/any。也可在主語前加no (no = not a/an.any)。have和there+be的區(qū)別：從

14、結(jié)構(gòu)上來講, have前須有主語, 而there+be結(jié)構(gòu)的主語在謂語be 之后。從意義上來講, 二者都可譯為“有”, 但have表示“所有”, “占有”關(guān)系, 譯成漢語為 “某人(物)擁有某(人)物”。而there+be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“存在”關(guān)系, 譯為 “某地(某時)有某物(某人)”。 There is going to be a football match tonight.(將來時) There were many children in the park yesterday.(過去時) There hasnt been any rain for some days.(完成時) There

15、must be no more time left. (情態(tài)動詞) There used to be a cinema here before the war.(情態(tài)動詞) Xiao Li has an English-Chinese Dictionary There is an English-Chinese Dictionary on the desk.,【練習】 桌上有盞燈，一本字典和幾本筆記。 There is a lamp, a dictionary and some notebooks on the table. 花園里有許多蘋果樹。 There are many apple tr

16、ees in the garden. 我的小車一定是出什么毛病了。 There must be something wring with my car. 這里戰(zhàn)前曾有一座電影院。 There used to be a cinema here before the war.,今年有個好收成。 There will be a good harvest this year. 近十天一直沒有雨。 There hasnt been any rain for ten days. 這一對夫婦之間可能發(fā)生過爭吵。 There might have been a quarrel between the coup

17、le. 在上下班的擁擠時刻，應該有更多的公共汽車。 There ought to be some more buses during the rush hour.,【句型】(2) There + 動詞 + 主語 + 狀語 【用法】在there+be結(jié)構(gòu)中, 謂語動詞有時不用be而用： 動詞短語：seem to be(似乎), happen to be (碰巧有/碰巧是), be likely to be (可能有/可能是), appear to be (似乎/看起來) used to be(曾經(jīng)有)； 不及物動詞：live(生活有/住著),stand(佇立/站著), come, exist(存

18、在), rise(升起), lie(位于/有), occur(發(fā)生/有), fly(飛), remain(仍/還有/保持)，stand(站/屹立), hang(掛著), rise(升起), run(流淌/行駛), occur(發(fā)生/出現(xiàn))等。 eg:There happened to be a bad flood that year. There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons. One evening there flew over the city a little swallow. There remained just twenty

19、-eight pounds.,雙方之間發(fā)生了一些誤會。 There occurred some misunderstanding between both sides. 從前中國有一個國王。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 似乎有個錯誤。 There appears to be a mistake. 一個陌生人出現(xiàn)在小鎮(zhèn)上。 There appeared a stranger in the small town. 離湖不遠有一座由人工堆起來的小山。 There stands a man-made hill near the lake.

20、, 火災之后他的房子片瓦不留。 There remained nothing of his house after the fire. 墻上掛著毛主席的畫像。 There hangs a portrait of Chairman Mao on the wall. 在我們社會里依然存在著階級斗爭。 There still exists class struggle in our society. 從小山背后升起了半個月亮。 There rose a half moon from behind the hills. 一條小溪圍著村子流過。 There runs a small stream aro

21、und the village., 【句型】SV(3) There + be + 主語 + 定語【用法】在there+be結(jié)構(gòu)中, 非謂語動詞可作定語, 相當于一個定語從句。如果被修飾對象和非謂語動詞之間是主謂關(guān)系, 且表示正在進行/狀態(tài), 則用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語; 如是動賓關(guān)系, 且表示完成, 則用過去分詞作定語; 如表示將來發(fā)生的事情, 則常用不定式主動式作定語,也可以直接用從句。 There is a man waiting for you. There were ten people killed in the crash.There are ten soldiers to attend

22、the celebration. There is a girl that I know.,有許多家務要做。 Theres plenty of housework to do. 我們沒有一個可說話的人。 There was no one for us to talk to. 有幾個人我希望你見見面。 There s some people Id like you to meet. 當心，有輛車正在開過來。 Look out! There is a car coming.,這里有一臺剛從日本進口的新水泵。 There is a new pump just imported from Japan.

23、 現(xiàn)在有一個國際會議在這里召開。 Now there is an international meeting being held. 當時街上有一輛公共汽車和幾個行人。 There was a bus and some passengers at that time. 老板告訴我有幾封信要答復。 The boss told me that there were several letters to be answered.,【句型】(4) 主語 + 不及物動詞 + (狀語) 【用法】在本句型中，作謂語的動詞是不及物動詞。狀語一般都是用來修飾謂語動詞做表示的動作，說明動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、目的、

24、條件、結(jié)果、方式、方法、狀態(tài)等。作狀語的可能是副詞、介詞短語、名詞短語等。 Birds sing beautifully. He went on holiday. We stopped to have a rest. Ill go swimming.,在地平線上升起了一輪紅日。 A red sun is rising from under the horizon. 這臺機器運轉(zhuǎn)得不正常。 This machine is not running correctly. 我在海濱居住已有三月。 I have been living at the seaside for three months. 昨

25、天在我家房子的外面發(fā)生了一個事故。 The accident happened outside my house yesterday. 我們學校每天八時開始上課。 Classes begin at eight in our school every day., 【句型】 (5) 主語 + 動詞短語 + (狀語) 【用法】在本句型中，作謂語的動詞是不及物動詞短語或短語動詞。 狀語可能是副詞，介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或一個從句。 The gas has given out.煤氣用完了。 My ink has run out. 我的鋼筆水用完了。 The whole family go to ch

26、urch every Sunday.全家每星期天去教堂做禮拜。 Those children are always quarrelling over little things.那些孩子們總是為小事而爭吵。, 在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 有一些規(guī)則正在逐漸消失。 Some of the rules are dying out gradually. 他在敵人面前寧死不屈。 He would rather die than give in

27、before the enemy. 現(xiàn)在人們的思想發(fā)生了很大變化。 Now, a great change in the peoples thinking has come about. 哪里工作艱苦，他們就出現(xiàn)在哪里。 They showed up where the work is difficult., 【句型】(6) 主語 + 不及物動詞 + 副詞(狀語)【用法】在本句型中，作謂語的動詞是不及物動詞，但有被動意義。狀語多是副詞，說明事物的性質(zhì)或特點。 Such houses rent easily. 這樣的房子很容易租出去。 The door locks easily. 這扇們很容易鎖

28、。,我們的產(chǎn)品在歐洲市場上非常暢銷。 Our products sell very well on the European market. 這種不料很耐洗。 This sort of cloth washes well. 這種火柴很容易劃著。 The match lights easily. 這個計劃進展順利。 The plan worked smoothly. 那天他們都衣著漂亮整潔。 They all dressed well and neatly that day.,【句型】 (7) 主語 + 不及物動詞 + 不定式(狀語)【用法】在本句型中，作謂語的動詞是不及物動詞。動詞不定式作狀語

29、，表示動作的，說明動作發(fā)生目的、原因或結(jié)果。 表示目的的是：(not) to do, in order (not) to do, so + adv. + (not)to do。 表示結(jié)果的是：to do, only to do. He has gone to fetch his cap. (目的) He stood up to see better. (目的) He looked up to see the door slowly opening. (結(jié)果) He shivered to think of that horrible idea. (結(jié)果),他大喊大叫以便引起大家的注意。 He

30、shouted so as to attract everybodys attention. 他們來到機場，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機已經(jīng)飛走了。 They got to the airport only to find the plane had already left. 他大聲地說，以便讓人們聽清楚他的話。 He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 為了趕上會議他早晨六點以前就動身了。 He started before six in the morning in order to attend the meeting in time. 看見孩子們在

31、操場上玩，她笑了。 She smiled to see the children playing on the playground.,三、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 【句型】 (1) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 名詞/代 【用法】在本句型中，及物動詞作謂語, 名詞或代詞的賓格作賓語。一些及物動詞用于此結(jié)構(gòu)，就可表達完整的意義，無須添加其它成分。如果有狀語，也可省略，一般不影響句意的完整。大多數(shù)這類動詞可用于被動語態(tài)。 I know her very well. He wrote two books last year. She changed his clothes. I drank a glass of be

32、er.,剛才是誰接的電話？ Who answered the telephone just now? 我簡直不能相信我的眼睛。 I just could not believe my eyes. 他立即聽出是他的聲音。 He immediately recognized his voice. 警察抓住了火車上的小偷。 The police caught the thief in the train. 他們進行的一項科學實驗很成功。 They performed a scientific experiment successfully.,句型】(2) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 狀語【用法

33、】在本句型中，除主、謂、賓外，還有一個狀語，狀語多為介詞短語。這里的狀語不可省，否則話未說完，句意便不清楚。 I put all the books in that box。 I found a letter under his pillow.,他把桌子推近窗戶。 He pushed the table nearer the window. 她把她的嬰兒抱在懷里。 She carried her baby in her arms. 我們跟隨著化學老師進入辦公室。 We followed our chemistry teacher into his office. 昨天校長領著外賓參觀了我校。

34、Yesterday our headmaster showed some foreign guests around our school.,【句型】(3) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 不定式【用法】在本句型中，動詞不定式作狀語表示目的或結(jié)果。表目的時，可在不定式前加for sb.，表示不定式的邏輯主語；可在不定式前加in order或so as。 He opened the door to let the cat in. They will need two hours to finish the work. I put the book on the table for you to

35、 read., 昨天晚上他們開了個晚會來慶祝他們的成功。 They gave a party to celebrate their success yesterday evening. 他們學習英語是為了將來更好地工作。 They study English in order to work better in the future. 他買了一輛自行車給他兒子騎。 He bought a bike for his son to ride. 他每天做晨練，為的是增強體質(zhì)。 He does morning exercise every day so as to build up his body.

36、,【句型】(4) 主語 + have + 名詞 + 不定式(短語【用法】在本句型中，謂語是have (got), 不定式作名詞的定語，表示“(主語)有某事要做”。不定式須為及物動詞，若表示不定式的動作是句中主語做的，不定式用to do(主動式), 若表示不定式的動作不是由句中主語做的，而是由其他人去做的，不定式用to be done(被動式)。 He has nothing to say. We have nobody to depend on. She has a nice room to live in. The manager has a document to be typed., 我

37、今天下午有個會要參加。 I have (got) a meeting to attend this afternoon. 我有許多信要回。 I have (got) a lot of letter to answer. 那個秘書要處理的文件太多了。 The secretary has (got) too many papers to deal with. 我有一件行李要受檢查。 I have (got) a piece of luggage to be examined,【句型】(5) 主語+ 動詞短語+ 名詞 【用法】在本句型中，動詞短語(一個及物動詞，一個名詞和一個特定的介詞組成)作謂語，

38、動詞短語起及物動詞的作用，后跟名詞作賓語。 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方式有兩種：一是用動詞短語中的名詞作主語，二是用動詞短語后面的賓語作主語。常見的動詞短語如：catch sight of, lose sight of, take an interest in, take part in, pay a visit to, make use of, give care to, pay attention to, take care of等 I didnt pay attention to it at first.最初我沒有注意到它。 You should give more care to your st

39、udy. 你應當對學習更加認真。,我們必須爭分奪秒掌握更多的知識。 We must make good use of every minute to master some more knowledge. 警察最后抓住了那個小偷。 The police caught hold of the thief at last. 應該更多地注意貧窮和饑餓。 Some more attention should be paid to poverty and hunger. 你必須改掉吸煙的不良習慣。 You must get rid of the bad habit of smoking. 我們必須充分利

40、用目前這良好的條件。 We must take the fullest advantage of the present good condition.,【句型】 (6) 主語+及物動詞+ 疑問詞+不定 【用法】在本句型中，疑問詞引導的動詞不定式作賓語。這種動詞不定式一般都是表示尚未進行的動作，而不能表示已經(jīng)進行或過去進行的動作。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般都可用賓語從句替換。常用于本句型的動詞有：ask, explain, observe, understand, consider, forget, wonder, guess, decide, remember, see, find out, determ

41、ine, inquire, settle, discover, know, tell, think out, discuss, learn, think等。 We havent determined when to start. Ill find out which number to dial.,我不知道選哪個好。 I wonder/dont know which to choose. 我們將討論一下如何解決這個問題。 We will discuss how to solve the problem. 我不知道該向誰求助。 I dont know whom to turn to for he

42、lp. 我在考慮下步怎么辦。 Im thinking what to do next. 他不知道講話一開始該說什么好。 He didnt know what to say at the beginning of his talk.,【句型】(7) 主語+及物動詞+ that賓語從句 用法在本句型中及物動詞后跟連詞that引導的賓語從句。that無任何詞義，在一些常用動詞之后可以省略。常用于本句型的動詞有： accept, decide, hope, realize, announce, know, remember, answer, learn, mean, ask, mention, min

43、d, explain, say, notice, see, show, find, state, permit, 等。 用于“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”的動詞有： think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine，feel. 賓語從句用虛擬語氣的動詞有：suggest，propose，recommend，advise，order，command, demand， request，require , instruct， insist，prefer, desire, wish. doubt用于否定句或疑問句時須用that, 但在肯定句中須用whether. He has learn

44、ed that he failed in the examination. He regretted that the work had been left unfinished,我希望明天天氣保持晴朗。 I hope (that) the weather will stay fine tomorrow. 他假裝病了以便能待在家里。 He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home. 醫(yī)生建議他不要再抽煙。 The doctor suggested that he(should) not smoke any more 我們認為

45、沒有必要買一臺新電腦。 We dont think its necessary to buy a new computer. 他從不承認自己錯了。 He never admits that he is wrong. 政府宣布他們將修建一條通向山區(qū)的新公路。 The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.,【句型】(8) 主語+及物動詞+“疑問詞”從句 【用法】在本句型中，賓語從句用疑問代詞、疑問副詞或連詞whether/if引導，但賓語從句要用陳述句的語序。常用于本句型的動詞有：tell

46、, agree, discuss, know, see, ask, doubt, learn, settle, say，believe, explain, disagree, imagine, discover. I dont know if hell have a try at it. I doubt if he will succeed. Theyre discussing how they can solve the problem.,他還沒有決定什么時候回國。 He hasnt decided when he will leave for his homeland. 我們討論了什么時候

47、召開全體人員會議。 We discussed when the meeting of the whole staff was to be held. 他問王先生的手術(shù)是否成功。 He asked if Mr. Wangs operation had been successful. 他解釋了怎樣使用那臺機器。 He explained how the machine was used. 你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這些日子以來是誰一直在給你送花? Did you ever discover who had been sending you the flowers these days?,四、主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu) 【句

48、型】(1) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 代詞 + 名詞 【用法】 在本句型中，及物動詞有兩個賓語，前一個是間接賓語，一般用人稱代詞賓格，用以指人，后一個是直接賓語，一般用名詞，用以指物。 如果要強調(diào)間接賓語，或間接賓語太長，或直接賓語為人稱代詞，要將間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，并在間接賓語前用介詞to He wrote a letter to the manage last night. Youve done a great wrong to your boy.,她把她的舊自行車賣給了我。 She sold her old bicycle to me. 下次來時請把那封信帶給我。 Bring me

49、the letter next time you come. 吸煙對你沒有任何好處。 Smoking wont do you any good. 他把他的座位讓給一位老人。 He offered his seat to an old man. 我已把這好消息告訴我所有的朋友了。 I have told the good news to all my friends.,【句型】(2) 主語+及物動詞+名詞 +介詞+名詞【用法】在本句型中，及物動詞除帶一個直接賓語外，還通過一個介詞帶另一個賓語，一般稱為介詞賓語，這里介詞不可省略，也不可任意選用。有些直接賓語帶有附加成分，這時可將介詞和介詞賓語放在

50、直接賓語之前。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般用直接賓語作主語，介詞和介詞賓語放在句尾，介詞不可省略。 explain sth. to sb. hear sth. from sb. add sth. to sth ,express sth. to sb. suggest sth. to sb. spend sth. on sth. name sb. after sth. waste sth on sth thank sb. for sth. stop sb. from -ing supply sb. with sth devote sb. to sthremind sb. of sth. tell sb.

51、of sth. warn sb. of sth.,我們把自己的方案向委員會做了說明。 We explained our plan to the committee. 我們祝賀他通過了考核。 We congratulated him on having passed the examination. 他接到了大會的邀請信。 He receive an invitation letter from the conference. 護士致力于病人的護理事業(yè)。 Nurses devote themselves to the care of the sick., 【句型】SVOO (3) 主語+及物動詞

52、+ 名/代 +that-clause 【用法】在本句型中，及物動詞帶兩個賓語，前一個為名詞或人稱代詞，后一個為由連詞that或wh-引導的賓語從句。用于本句型的動詞有：advise, inform, promise, teach, remind, tell, convince, persuade, show, warn, show, ask等。 He told me that he would bring up the point at the next meeting. Facts have shown us that he is trustworthy.,她答應弟弟將給他寫信。 She p

53、romised her brother that she would write to him. 他警告我說，那個人是很危險的。 He warned me that the man was very dangerous. 醫(yī)生建議我臥床休息幾天。 The doctor advised me that I should stay in bed for a couple of days. 請告訴我哪一條路去郵局最近。 Please tell me which is the shortest way to the post office.,五、主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 【句型】SVOOc (1) 主語+及物動詞

54、 + 名/代 + 賓補【用法】在本句型中，名詞用作賓語補足語。本句型可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。 用于本句型的及物動詞有：appoint (任命), think, call (稱呼), elect(選舉), make(使成為), consider(認為), choose, find, name(命名), believe, keep(保守)等。 consider和choose的賓語補足語前可用as. He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命為市長。 You must keep it a secret.你必須保守秘密。,他的名字叫理查德, 但是我們都稱他狄克。 His

55、name is Richard but we all call him Dick. 黨使他成為一名優(yōu)秀的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。 The party made him a fine communist fighter. 他當選為這次大會的主席。 He was elected chairman of the conference. 我們將選他當學校足球隊長。 We shall choose him (as) our school football team leader.,【句型】 (2) 主語+及物動詞+ 名/代 + 形容詞 【用法】在本句型中，形容詞作賓語補足語，說明賓語所保持的狀態(tài)或發(fā)生變化后的狀態(tài)

56、。 如果賓語帶附加成分或賓語部分過長，則可將賓語補足語放在賓語的前面。用于本句型的及物動詞有：see, leave, set, find, push,get, like, make, turn, have, wash, drive, keep, wish, let等。 I found him ill in bed. The news made everyone of us very sad. I have my hands full. 我忙得不可開交。,你必須在八點以前把會議的一切準備好。 You must get everything for the meeting ready before

57、 eight. 他推開了那座房子的后門。 He pushed open the back door of the house. 他妻子死去的消息把他逼瘋了。 The news of his wifes death drove him crazy. 別留下我一個人！ Dont leave me alone.,【句型】(3) 主語+及物動詞+ 名/代 + to be 【用法】在本句型中，“動詞不定式to be +名詞/形容詞”用作賓語補足語，有時“to be”可以省略。 用于本句型的及物動詞有：consider, find, prove, appoint(任命), declare, hold, r

58、eport, imagine, see, believe, discover, know, suppose, choose, elect, observe, take, guess, think, feel等。 I saw the plan to be all right. Will you take this man to be your husband? They all claimed it to be true.,我們相信他是個忠誠老實的人。 We believe him to be a loyal and honest man. 我猜他超過八十歲了。 I guess him to b

59、e over eighty. 他們自以為比別人聰明。 They considered themselves to be cleverer than others. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)中國人都很勤勞勇敢。 They find the Chinese people to be brave and hard-working.,【句型】SVOOc (4) 主語+及物動詞+ 名/代 + do sth. 【用法】在本句型中，省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語, 表示動作的全過程。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后要加上to。用于本句型的及物動詞有： 感官動詞：listen (to), watch, feel, look (at), see, hear, notice, sense make (迫使, 促使), let (讓, 允許), help have(使, 讓, 叫)。 I hear somebody make a telephone call in the next room. I didnt notice him go on the same bus.,【句型】 (5) 主語+及物動詞+名/代+現(xiàn)在分詞 【用法】在本句型中，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示正在進行的動作或反復進行的動作。 用于本句型的動詞有：feel, listen (to), observe, smell, loo