高考語法復習——狀語從句考點與難點歸納.ppt

1、,考點與難點歸納,狀 語 從 句,高 考 語 法 復 習,考點與難點歸納,1、各種從屬連詞的含義及用法 比較； 2、no matter wh- 與 wh-ever 引 導的從句的區(qū)別； 3、狀語從句的時態(tài)問題； 4、狀語從句倒裝及緊縮問題； 5、狀語從句與其它從句的區(qū)別。,考點,難點,1. 時間狀語從句 問題1: 1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me th

2、e secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. whileD. when 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. thatD. until 4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A.

3、Before B. when C. thatD. until 5. (06遼寧) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while,A,D,B,B,C,連接詞when的用法小結 1. when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是可延續(xù) 的，也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞，可用于主句和從句 動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。如： When the film ended, the people went back. When I live

4、d there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2. 可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時，這時”，相當于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： Somebody was doing something/was about to do sth./was on the point of doing sth. when (剛要這時突然) 3. 還可以表示原因“既然”，相當于since; considering that。如： It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could

5、easily walk there in five minutes .,問題2: 6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 7. (04年江蘇) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Bef

6、ore D. Unless,連接詞while的用法小結,1. while引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側重主句動作和從句動作相對比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。 3. while可表示盡管，相當于although。,D,A,連接詞when, while, as的用法區(qū)別： 1while引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是可延續(xù)的， 而when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞是可延續(xù)的，也 可以是表短暫性動作的動詞。如：When/While he was eating h

7、is breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用 while) 2從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時，只能用when引導這個 從句，不可用as或while。如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3表示“隨著”，連詞用as，不用when或while。如： As the election approached, the violence got worse. 4如果主句表示的是短暫動作，而從句用延

8、續(xù)性動作的進行 時態(tài)表示在一段時間內正在進行的動作時，when, while 與as 可互換使用。如： When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,問題3: 1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. once 2. (1998上海) I thought

9、 her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had,B,C,C,小結： 1一些詞，如the moment, the minute, the instan

10、t, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引導一個時 間狀語從句，相當于as soon as的意思。 I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 2一些含有time的名詞短語，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引導一個時間狀語從句。 The day he returned home

11、, his father was already dead. Next time you come, please bring your composition. 3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 須用部分倒裝結構。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.,問題4: 1. (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of

12、the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. wh

13、en; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then,C,D,B,小結： till, until和notuntil： 1.until/till引導時間狀語從句用于肯定句時，主句的動詞 是延續(xù)性動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到until/till所 表示的時間，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停 止”。如： We waited until he came. 2用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句 為肯定，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns. 3till不

14、可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的強調和倒裝說法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.,問題5: 1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. beforeD.

15、 as 2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after 4. (05北京春) It is a

16、lmost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because,C,C,A,B,連接詞before的小結： 一、含義 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 3 Please write it down before you forget it. 4Before I could get in a word, he h

17、ad measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“還沒來得及”,二Before從句中謂語不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station, the train had gone.,三1）句型It will be/was段時間before“還要過多久才” 如：It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）句型It will be/was not一段時間before“不多久就” 如： It wasnt two years before he left the country. 3）句型It is

18、段時間since時間的計算一律從since從句的 動作完成或狀態(tài)結束時算起。如： It is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army.,2、條件狀語從句 問題1： 1、The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全國） Aas long as BwhileCif Deven though 2、 I

19、t is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重慶卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if,C,A,unless 相當于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。這也是高考的熱點之一。復習時也應給予高度重視。,問題2： 1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as

20、 C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全國卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if,B,A,as long as 與 as far as 都可引導條件狀語從句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而論（而言）”。題1根據題意應該選用B。in case 表示“以防”，根據題2的句意，不難作出選擇。,3、讓步狀語從句 問題1： 1、 _ I accept that he

21、is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江蘇） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷） A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though,A,B,while 是高考中的高頻詞，它既可引導時間狀語從句，又可引導并列句，還可引導讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”。even if 等于 even

22、 though，表示“即使、盡管”。as though 等于 as if，引導方式狀語從句，表示“好像、似乎”。,問題2： 1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. （05天津卷） A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved, _the cost. （05浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever,A,B,no matter wh- 與 wh-ever 的聯系

23、及區(qū)別： no matter wh- 只引導讓步狀語從句，此時與 wh-ever通用。 如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party. wh-ever又可引導名詞性從句， No matter wh-不能。如： Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. Whoever can help us will be welcome.,4. 狀語從句的時態(tài)問題 問題1： 1、The house could fall d

24、own soon if no one_ some quick repair work. （04全國IV） A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季） A. before B. since C. after D. when,在條件，時間和讓步從句中，用一般現在時表示一般將 來時，用現在完成時表將來完成時，用一般過去時表過去將 來時。在 since 引導的時間狀語從句中，動詞一般都用一般 過去時，而主句常用現在完成時。,C,B,5、

25、狀語從句的倒裝問題 問題1： 1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (01 上海) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (95 NMET) A. did the villagers realize B. the vi

26、llagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize,狀語從句的倒裝一般有下面幾種情況： 否定詞開頭； so 加 adj. 開頭； as / though引導的讓步狀語從句。,D,A,特別注意： Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is, Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left

27、. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.,6、狀語從句與并列句的區(qū)別 問題1： 1、Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young man A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet 2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. (NMET02) A. so B. and C. but D. yet,題1是主從復合句，所以中間不能使用并列連詞 and; or; but

28、; so 等。yet 是副詞，只有 yet 可以與 though 連用。題2為 并列句，而“Excuse , but ”為一固定搭配。在復習中需要 細心的分析句子結構和成分。,A,C,對比訓練與鞏固,_ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river. 3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as,對比訓練 1,A,B,C,1. We were about to leave_ it began to

29、rain. 2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son. 3. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during,對比訓練 2,A,B,A,1. Child _ she is, she know a lot. 2. He did the experient _ he was told. 3. The pianos in the other shop w

30、ill be cheaper, but not _ good. A. during B. as C. so D. though E. both B and C,對比訓練 3,E,B,B,1. He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town. 2. We decide to finish the work on time, _ happens. 3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. 4. Ill give the b

31、ook to _ likes English. A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however,對比訓練 4,A,C,D,B,對比訓練 5,1. It will be years _ we meet again. 2. It is ten years _ I came to this town. 3. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. since,C,D,B,對比訓練 6,D,B,A,1. _ it rains, the game will

32、be played on time. 2. _ I was twenty, I had never been away from my hometown. 3. _ he were there, he couldnt help us. A. Even if B. Untill C. Till D. Unless,對比訓練 7,Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it. 2. You are free to go _ you like. A. there B. where C. wherever D. when,B,C,對比訓練 8,1. The art

33、icle is written in such easy English _ all of us can read it. 2. The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read. A. that B. which C. as D. so that,A,C,A,對比訓練 9,1. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is. 2. If we work hard, we can overcome any diffi

34、culty, _ great it is. 3. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it is. 4. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever,B,C,D,A,Grammar 非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞功能比較 to do的復合結構 -ing form的復合結構 非謂語動詞的否定式 -ing form 與 pp 的區(qū)別

35、,動詞不定式的基本形式,被動語態(tài),一般式,進行式,完成式,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,1.He is too young to have seen the old society. 2.The book is said to have been translated into Russian. 3.Come, I am supposed to be calling you to lunch. 4.You are too young to be meeting young man.,不定式與謂語同時發(fā)生 進行式 不定

36、式比謂語先發(fā)生 完成式,ing-form 的基本形式,主動語態(tài),被動語態(tài),一般式,完成式,4.Allan repented having shot the bird. 5.Having noted down her name,the man went away.,1.Going down town I met a friend. 2.Martin insisted on going to work in spite of his illness. 3.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.,ing-form與

37、/比謂語的動作同時、先發(fā)生、后發(fā)生 一般式 ing-form比謂語的動作先發(fā)生 完成式（強調先后關系）,同時,后,先,先,先,非謂語動詞功能比較,eg.I like skating,but I dont like to skate today. Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out！To play with fire is dangerous.,eg.There is no joking about such matters.,主語、表語、賓語,1. to do 表示具體的動作，-ing form表示泛指的動作。,2.“there is no +主語

38、”句型中，多用-ing form.,eg.He attends the meeting being held in the room now. He attended the meeting held yesterday. He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,2.表示被修飾詞的內容時， 用to do.,eg.She has a strong wish to go to college.,1.從時態(tài)上看，-ing form表示正在進行的動作 pp表示已經完成的動作，to do表示將來的動作。,定語,eg. I found him coo

39、king supper. I found supper cooked when I got home. It is true I saw Henry cook supper.,-ing form與賓語為主動關系，強調動作正在進行； pp與賓語為被動關系，強調動作已經完成； to do只單純表示一個事實，強調動作的全過程。,補語,作狀語時的區(qū)別：,-ing form,pp表示時間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等等,eg.they worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. I am gla

40、d to see you.,to do表示1.目的; 2.結果表示出人預料的情況或結果。常用only強調。 3.原因表示造成情感變化的原因。,目的,結果,原因,非謂語動詞的否定形式,Not + to do / -ing form,He decided not to do it. She wished never to see him again.,I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. Not seeing John,I asked where he was. Not having done it right, I tried agai

41、n.,-ing form 與 pp 的區(qū)別,-ing form表示主動，正在進行,pp表示被動，已經完成,作表語時或定語時，-ing form表示“令人” ,pp表示“感到”，常見的有下列感官動詞：move ,surprise,astonish,delight,comfort,disappoint,puzzle,frighten,作賓補時，比較對象為賓語,作定語時，比較對象為被修飾詞,作狀語時，比較對象為句中主語,1.The story was _,we were all _. A.moving,moving B.moved,moved C.moving,moved D.moved,movin

42、g 2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the problem is too difficult for him. A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle 3.With his son too_, the father was sad. A.disappointed B.disappointing 4.She let out a _ voice and we ran to her hurriedly. A.frightened B.frightening,1.I could feel the win

43、d _ on my face from an open window. A.to blow B.blowing C.blown D.to be blowing 2.Well meet Mr.Black,_ as a famous scientist. A.knowing B.to be known C.known D.being known 3._ more time, we could do it better. A.Giving B.To give C.Given D.To be given 4.A young man _ novels came to us yesterday. A.to

44、 write B.writing C.written D.wrote 5.All the things_,his proposal is of greater value than yours. A.considered B.considering C.consider D.to consider 6._Sunday, the students are at home. A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being,to do的復合結構,1.for sb. to do sth.,常見的形容詞有：good=nice/bad, kind/cruel=rude, clever

45、=wise/stupid=silly, right /wrong，sensible,2.of sb. to do sth.,sb.is/are adj.to do sth.,ing form的復合結構,1.形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+ing form 2.代詞賓格/名詞+ing form,主語 表語 賓語,賓語,1.To do the job is impossible.,2.It is necessary to study a foreign language.,3.To do such a thing is stupid. =It is stupid to do such a thing

46、.,4.It is wrong to tell a lie.,For a child to do the job is,=It is impossible to do the job.,It is necessary for students to study a,It is stupid of you to do such a thing.,It is wrong of him to tell a lie.,You are stupid to do such a thing.,He is wrong to tell a lie.,說出To do動作的執(zhí)行者時，須用復合結構,1.Do you

47、mind opening the door? 2.Going there saved us a good deal of trouble. 3.Being late again made the teacher angry.,Do you mind me/my opening ,Toms going there saved us a good ,His being late again made,說出-ing form動作的執(zhí)行者時，須用復合結構,1.Crossing the street,he was knocked down by a bus. 2.Being sick I stayed

48、at home. 3.Seen in the light, it is not as serious as people suppose. 4.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 5.He sat in the armchair,reading the newspaper. 6.The train spent too much time stopped, waiting for the other trains.,時間,原因,條件,讓步,伴隨,伴隨,-ed form,used as an adjective or adverb,

49、Grammar and usage,一、The -ing form used as Attribute （-ing形式作定語）,These female pigs are cloned. So we call them _pigs,These female pigs are cloned. So we call them pigs_,that/which are cloned,cloned,The kidnappers were using a _car. (steal) The name _in the letter was unknown to me.（mention) The firem

50、en were rescuing the people _ in the fire. (trap),stolen,mentioned,trapped,Scientific experiments which are carried out by students can be dangerous.,Scientific experiments _by students can be dangerous.,carried out,A few verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings instead of passive meanings.,b

51、oiling water,比較,boiled water,fallen trees/ leaves escaped animals a retired president a lost envelope,falling leaves an escaping criminal a retiring president,比較,We can also put an adverb or something else before a verb-ed to form a compound verb-ed form.,廣泛運用的技術 訓練有素的工人 手寫的信件 欠發(fā)達地區(qū) 受過良好教育的市民 倍受尊敬的教

52、授,a widely-used technique well trained workers hand-written letters underdeveloped regions well-educated citizens a well-respected professor,Rewrite the following sentences with verb-ed form. I think cloning that is done by scientists is dangerous. The problems that are created by cloning will be cl

53、ear.,I think cloning done by scientists is dangerous.,The problems created by cloning will be clear.,We dont want beasts that are created by scientists to replace us one day. The only thing that is needed is a cell from your old pet.,We dont want beasts created by scientists to replace us one day.,T

54、he only thing needed is a cell from your old pet.,二The verb-ed form can also be used as predicative of a sentence. eg.,My grandfather was delighted to hear I had passed exams,The problem stayed _after 3 days discussion. (unsettle),unsettled,注意：get verb+ed.de結構eg. get paid/injured/hurt.,As we joined

55、the big crowd I got _ from my friends. （01全國）（A） A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party. （04全國I） A get changed B get change C get changing D get to change,工人們都是按月計酬的 Mary終于從那次受傷中恢復過來了,Workers get paid by the month.,Mary finally go

56、t recovered from the injury.,We need to further discuss the problem _unsolved. remainedB. to remain C. remainingD. to be remained,三 The verb-ed form can be used as object complement of a sentence. eg. 1). As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself _. (understand) 2). I _

57、yesterday. (寄信） 3). You must make yourself when you talk in front of the class. （hear) 4). After the robbery, they found the windows _.(break) 5). You mustnt make the secret between us _to the public. (know),understood,had my letter delivered,heard,broken,known,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out,Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考廣西卷) making herself hear B. to make hersel