英語六級聽力之短文.ppt

1、CET4 ：聽力- passage,二、短文部分,全真短文以一般知識型短文和人物故事為主，還包括幾篇說明文和社會熱門話題類的短文一般知識型短文在內容上介于科普知識和社會問題之間；人物故事一般描述歷史上的真人真事和常人的經歷或生活趣聞；說明文是對事物或現(xiàn)象進行說明或解釋；熱門話題類短文講述的人都為人們所關注的熱點問題 （一）主觀題型 主觀題型從提問的性質看大致分為主旨題型和綜合推斷題型兩種 （二）客觀題型,主旨題型,短文的中心思想是對全文的概括，對全文的基本了解。與事實題型相反。主旨題型主要測試考生對全文的理解這類問題要求考生從四個選擇項中挑出最合適做中心思想的句子或最適合做標題的句子，屬于主觀

2、性的問題在歷年真題中，主旨題型的提問方式主要有： What is the passage mainly about? What does the passage mainly discuss? What do we learn from the story? What is the main idea of this passage? 由于表現(xiàn)手法不同，主旨句的位置也就不固定，或在段首，或在段尾，或者段首段尾相結合，共同表達一個完全的主題 段首句為主題句的文章屬于演繹性文章。文章的開頭就明確主題，然后用演繹法，將觀點展開 結尾句為主題句的文章屬于歸納性文章文章是稱述論點、論據(jù)，最后得出結論-文

3、章的主題 首尾句呼應表達一個完整的概念，表達文章的中心思想,綜合推斷題型,該題目測試考生的推理判斷能力.要求依據(jù)短文提供的已知信息作出合理的推測和正確的判斷.此類題目在全真試題中所占比例很大.按其提問方式是非判斷也包括在內。主要提問方式如下: What can we infer from the passage? What does the passage tell us about? What do we learn from the story? What was Edwards doing when? What is the speakers impression of? What is

4、profession? What happened in the end? Which of the following is Not true? 綜合推斷題要求考生運用所學的語言知識、語法知識，根據(jù)自己的綜合常識，結合材料中的語境進行判斷判斷要符合邏輯,客觀題型,客觀題型主要測試考生對短文細節(jié)的判別能力。此類題目與主觀題的區(qū)別在于：其答案在原文中較明確 此類題目涉及面很廣，提問一般以wh-question和how-question進行，所問內容涉及到人名、地點、時間、年代、數(shù)字、原因、目的等方面。解題的關鍵在于聽清錄音，找出正確選項的出處，以排除干擾項，從而確定問題的答案。 綜觀歷屆考試，再

5、應試時應注意以下幾個方面： 預覽選項通過預覽選項可以預測短文的內容及提問形式。 抓住主題句抓住文章的主題句就容易掌握文章的中心思想要特別注意聽清文章的開頭和結尾的一、兩句，因為它們常常是主題句 記錄事實大體預測到題目的要求及短文的內容，在聽音過程中，就要有目的的去抓聽、記錄與題目有關的事實，例如：時間、地點、人物等這些信息的記錄最好不要按選項的順序，而是根據(jù)錄音中提供的先后順序在空白處記錄。否則，會因在選項中找不到需要的信息而分心，影響下文的聽音,抓住信息詞即一些連接短文各個句子、表明上下文邏輯關系的詞，對理解短文非常重要，對于短文內容如何發(fā)展起到信號指示的作用。此類詞大致可分為四類： 起順序

6、連接作用的詞，即并列、遞進、例示作用的詞，如：and, also, in addition, for example, furthermore, more than that, likewise, moreover, what is more等; 起逆接作用的詞，即表明下面的內容和上面的內容發(fā)生了轉折的詞，如：but, however, in spite of, on the contrary, instead, although, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet等； 表示因果關系的詞，如：because, since, as a result, t

7、herefore, for, thus, for this reason, so, as, since, consequently等； 表示短文層次和先后關系的詞，如：first, second, last, before, after, then, accordingly, finally, next, afterward 等；,E. 表概括(summary)的詞 as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short so, thus, consequently, in conclusion, in brief, in a word 等

8、； 學會推斷根據(jù)明示信息和錄音的字里行間進行綜合推斷。這類題目比明示信息題目難的多 聽清問題解題是聽短文的目的，所以聽清短文后的問題是解題的關鍵,關于短文聽力的訓練方法,Step 1 聽第一遍時認真做題 Step 2 再精聽4-5次，達到全文記錄 Step 3 對照文字材料找答案和考點 Step 4 朗讀全文 培養(yǎng)語感 提高語速,考試時候語段題的解題步驟,1聽之前看選項 1)看選項長短 2)找出選項中的相同詞：高頻詞匯以便確定文章的內容和范圍 3)找數(shù)字題年代，時間，數(shù)目，金錢（聽到什么選什么）,2抓兩頭 1)聽到結尾回憶結尾的一兩句話 2)什么時候結束？重復詞(重復出現(xiàn)的詞就是文章所講述的重

9、點內容)，同時提示文章快要結束了 As a result, so , therefore, thus均提示文章快要結束了,3中間抓小詞 1)要牢記以下七個小詞： first, most , because出現(xiàn)，99%會出考題 only, just也會出考題 but, however也會出考題,2)?？嫉倪壿嬯P系： 并列：and 因果：because 轉折：but , however 遞進：the more ,the more 讓步：despite, although, though,總結 投機取巧原則,聽即原則：聽見什么選什么 重讀原則：語音辨別，讀多次。 順序原則：行文順序和題目一致 主題原

10、則：頭三尾二 原因原則： 原因最常考 because, so, as 轉折原則：轉折次?？?but however yet,光明原則：事情都向好的方向發(fā)展 最高級原則：形容詞副詞最高級形式一旦出現(xiàn)，則此句即成為考點， 如：the most important reason is; their biggest trouble was; he worked most efficiently when 科學研究原則：科學研究表明 偏怪小原則：故事總是很稀奇古怪的,特別提示：短文聽力最忌諱的方式,不動手: 忌諱閉眼、低頭，伏案 多而不精 不愿朗讀,養(yǎng)成良好的習慣只需要堅持4周，便能改變一生的習慣,EX

11、ERCISES,Passage one,Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11.A) He was once a friend of the ruler. B) He was a tax collector. C) He was a government official. D) He was once a school teacher in India. 12.A) To declare new ways of collecting tax. B) To entertain those who h

12、ad made great contributions to the government. C) To collect money from the persons invited. D) To reward outstanding tax collectors. 13.A) They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for. B) They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler. C) They were excused from paying income t

13、ax. D) They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the rulers palace.,D A C,Passage One A friend of mine told me that when he was a young man, he went to work as a teacher in one of the states of India. One day he received an invitation to dinner at the rulers palace. Very pleased, he went to tell his c

14、olleagues. They laughed and told him the meaning of the invitation. They had all been invited and each person who was invited has to bring with him a certain number of silver and gold coins. The number of coins varied according to the persons position in the service of the government.My friends inco

15、me was not high, so he did not have much to pay. Each person bound before the ruler, his gold went onto one hip, his silver went onto another hip, and in this way he paid his income tax for the year. This was a simple way of collecting income tax.The tax on property was also collected simply: The ru

16、ler gave a man the power to collect a tax from each owner of land or property in a certain area if this man promised to pay the ruler a certain amount of money. Of course the tax collector managed to collect more money than he paid to the ruler. The difference between the sum of money he collected a

17、nd the sum of money he gave to the ruler was his profit.,Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. What do we know about the speakers friend? 12. What was the real purpose of the rulers invitation? 13. What does the passage say about the tax collectors?,Passage Two,Questio

18、ns 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14.A) They liked traveling. B) They wanted to find a better place to live in. C) They were driven out of their homes. D) The reasons are unknown. 15.A) They try to put up with Gypsies. B) They are envious of Gypsies. C) They are unfriendly to

19、 Gypsies. D) They admire the musical talent of the Gypsies. 16.A) Special schools have been set up for them. B) Permanent homes have been built for them. C) They are now taught in their own language. D) They are now allowed to attend local schools.,B A C,Passage two,Around the year 1000A.D., some pe

20、ople from Northwest India began to travel westwards. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes, they did not settle down again but spent their lives moving from one place to another. Their later generations are called the Romany people or Gypsies. There are Gypsies all over the world. And many of

21、them are still traveling with no fixed homes. There are about 8 million of them, including 3 million in Eastern Europe. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where they travel, because they are different. People may be afraid of them, look down on them or think that they are criminals.

22、 The Nazis treated the Gypsies cruelly, like the Jews. And nobody knows how many of them died in Hitlers death camps.Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like music and dancing, and they often work in fairs and traveling shows. Travelling is very important to them and many Gypsies are unhap

23、py if they have to stay in one place. Because of this, it is difficult for Gypsies children to go to school. And Gypsies are often unable to read and write. In some places, the education authorities try to arrange special travelling schools for Gypsy children so that they can get the same education

24、as other children.,Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. Why did the ancestors of Gypsies leave their home? 15. What is the attitude of some people towards Gypsies? 16. What measure has been taken to help Gypsy children?,Passage Three,Questions 17 to 20 are based on th

25、e passage you have just heard. 17.A) The causes are obvious. B) The causes are very complicated. C) The causes are familiar. D) The causes are not well understood. 18.A) Regular driver training. B) Improved highway design. C) Stricter traffic regulations. D) Better public transportation. 19.A) Highw

26、ay crime. B) Poor traffic control. C) Confusing road signs. D) Drivers errors. 20.A) Designing better cars. B) Building more highways. C) Increasing peoples awareness of traffic problems. D) Enhancing drivers sense of responsibility.,D A B D,Passage three,As the car industry develops, traffic accide

27、nts have become as familiar as the common cold. Yet their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve. Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes. At the very least it is a problem that involves three factors: the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. If all drivers exercised good judgement at all