五大句型結(jié)構(gòu)及練習題.ppt

1、英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu) 英語句子按照構(gòu)成可分為三種類型： 簡單句；并列句；復合句。 簡單句又可分為五大基本句型，這五個基本句型如下 1. 主 + 謂 2. 主 + 謂 + 賓 3. 主 + 系 + 表 4. 主 + 謂 + 雙賓 5. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補,1. 主語+謂語,此句型的特點是:謂語動詞是不及物動詞,本身能表達完整的意思,后面不需跟賓語,但有時可跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語 Birds can fly. 鳥會飛。 2. It happened in June 1932. 這件事發(fā)生于一九三年六月。 3. My watch stopped. 我的表停了。,翻譯并指出其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及成分 1.

2、瑪麗昨晚上死了。 Mary died last night. 2. 他笑了。 He laughed. 3. 他的話起作用。 His words work.,2. 主語+謂語 +賓語,此句型的特點是:謂語動詞是及物動詞, 是實意動詞，但不能表達完整的意思,必須跟有一個賓語，及動作的承受者，才能使意思表達完整。 1. She often helps her mother. 她經(jīng)常幫助她媽媽。 2. He wants a cup of coffee. 他想要一杯咖啡。 3. I like bananas. 我喜歡香蕉。,翻譯并指出其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及成分,1. 我們隊打敗了其他隊。 Our team bea

3、t all the others. 2. 她吃了一碗西紅柿面。 She ate a bowl of tomato noodles. 3. 我們喜歡這個電影。 We like the movie.,3.主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）,此句型的謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者（直賓、指物），另一個是動作的間接承受者（間賓、指人）。 此句型有兩種結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 主語+及物動詞+直接賓語 + to/for+間接賓語,1. Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Mr. Li told

4、an interesting story to us. 李先生給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 2. She bought her mother a scarf. She bought a scarf for her mother. 她給她媽媽買了一條圍巾。 可跟雙賓語的動詞有：answer, bring, buy, find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。,改寫以下句子 1. I will bring the book to you next time. I will bring you the

5、book next time. 2. Mother bought him a new bag. Mother bought a new bag for him. 3. She sang them several songs. She sang several songs for them. 4. Please pass the salt to me. Please pass me the salt.,雙賓中的直賓還可以是疑問詞+不定式/或者賓語從句主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+疑問詞+不定式1. She told me how to understand the article.她告訴我怎樣理解這

6、篇文章。 She told me how I could understand the article. 2. They asked us where to go.他們想要知道應該去哪里。They asked us where they should go.,4. 主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）,此句謂語動詞雖跟一個賓語,但意思不完整,必須加上另外一個成分(賓語補足語)對賓語進行補充說明 。 1. We must keep our school clean. 我們必須讓學校保持干凈。 2. They made him their monitor. 他們讓他成為了他們的班長。 3. I

7、saw them get on the bus. 我看見他們上了公交車。 4. She asked me to come back soon. 她叫我快點回來。,下面是一些常用的要求接復合賓語的動詞： elect (選舉), name（把sb命名為sth）, call, make, find, think She found the boy very funny.她覺得這個孩子非常滑稽。 He left the door open and hid behind the door.他讓門開著，然后藏在門后邊。 They named the new baby Henry. 他們給這個新生嬰兒取名為

8、亨利。,當不定式（短語）、從句在復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語時，常用it 作形式賓語，而真正的賓語后置,涉及的動詞有think, find, feel, make, consider, suppose等 They found that they worked with us Chinese pleasant. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們中國人一起工作很愉快。 They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. 2. I dont feel to understand English difficult. 我覺得理解英語并不難。 I dont feel

9、it difficult to understand English.,He makes never to borrow money a rule.（他立志決不向別人借錢.） He makes it a rule never to borrow money.,雙賓和賓補的區(qū)別,在主+謂+雙賓句型當中，兩個賓語之間沒有邏輯關(guān)系,都是謂語的賓語，而在主+謂+賓+賓補的句型當中，賓語和賓語補足語之間有一定的邏輯關(guān)系，補語是對賓語的補充說明，并且賓語和補語可以構(gòu)成一個完整的句子.,5.主語+系動詞+表語 S+V+P,此句子中的動詞是連系動詞，必須跟后面的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語。 如： Everything

10、looks different. 每件事情看起來都不一樣。 2. The weather becomes cooler. 天氣變得更涼爽了。 3. They are teachers. 他們是老師。,連系動詞的種類 感官系動詞（表示主語感受起來怎樣） feel(摸起來),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), look (看起來)，seem（似乎） 1) This kind of cloth feels very soft.這種布手感很軟。 2) This flower smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。 請自己造句。,2. 變化系動詞（表示主

11、語變成什么樣） become, grow, turn, get 1） He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 2）She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。 自己造句。,3. 持續(xù)系動詞（表示主語保持某種特征、身份、狀態(tài)）,keep，remain, stay 保持、仍然 He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。 2) This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。 3) She always stays happy. 她總是很快樂。 自

12、己造句,4. 狀態(tài)系動詞（表明主語的狀態(tài)、身份、特征）,只有be的各種形式 1) He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。 2) They are hard-working. 他們很努力工作。 自己造句,分析下面的句子結(jié)構(gòu) 1. Your food looks delicious. 2. Can I have some noodles? 3. No one will look after you. 4. She likes animals. 5. We called her Xi Wang. 6. I brought him some good books. 7. Giant pand

13、as are in danger now. 8. People find it useful to do regular exercise. 9. The number is getting smaller and smaller. 10. The study begins next month.,11. Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands. 12. This information will make them actively take action to protect wildlife. 13. St

14、udying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife. 14. The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home. 15. The area provides food and shelter for wildlife.,( ) 1. I think _ necessary for us to solve. A. it B. that C. its ( ) 2. Mum! The fish tastes _. Could I have some more? (2010南通) A. terrible B. wonderful C. wonderfully ( ) 3. The talk show on TV is very popular. It often makes people _. (2010鹽城) A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh ( ) 4. You cannot sneeze and keep your eyes _ at the same time. (2010宿遷) A. open B. opening C. opened,A,B,A,A,( ) 5