主謂一致語法總結(jié).ppt

1、主謂一致Subjectverb Concord/Agreement,主謂一致指句子主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上的一致。主謂一致有三原則： 語法一致(Grammatical Concord) 意義一致(Notional Concord) 就近原則(Principle of Proximity),1.It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _going to agree upon anything today. （2003-50） A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. ne

2、ither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are,答案：C 參考譯文：進(jìn)一步討論這個事情是無益的，因為今天你我都在任何事情上不愿達(dá)成一致。 原則：就近原則Principle of Proximity,1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）當(dāng)or, nor,

3、 either or, neither nor, not only but also 連接兩個主語時，謂語動 詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 Either you or she is to go.,3)在倒裝句中，動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。如以here, there開頭，be 動詞與后面第一個名詞一致。如： There is a dog near the door. There were no schools in this area before liberation. Here comes the bus. On the wall were two famous paintings.

4、Here is Mr. Brown and his children.,2.Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, _ for Europe this afternoon. A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave,答案：C 參考譯文：威爾斯先生,連同所有的家人,今天下午出發(fā)去歐洲。 原則：語法一致Grammatical Concord,如果主語后跟有with, together with, along with, but, except, besides,

5、 perhaps , like, including, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than, in addition to, accompanied by,等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致。如：1）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.2）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.3）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very d

6、iligent. 4）Every picture except these two has been sold. 5）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.6）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.,3. The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. A. proves B. is proving C. ar

7、e proving D. prove,答案：D 解析：statistics在本句中表示“數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計”而不是“統(tǒng)計學(xué)”，因此謂語動詞不可用第三人稱單數(shù)；此外 prove表示“（已）證明”，不可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，因此，D為正確。 原則：意義一致Notional Concord,以”ics”結(jié)尾表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞做主語，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)；但如果其表達(dá)“學(xué)科”以外的其他意義，謂語動詞便可用復(fù)數(shù)。 acoustics（聲學(xué);音響效果） athletics（體育學(xué);體育運動） economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué);經(jīng)濟(jì)意義） ethics（倫理學(xué);行為準(zhǔn)則） tactics（兵法;策略） mathematics（數(shù)學(xué);

8、運算能力） optics（光學(xué);光線器件） physics（物理學(xué);物理現(xiàn)象） politics（政治學(xué);政治觀點） linguistics（語言學(xué)）,4.All the Presidents Men _one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.（2007-52） A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remaining,答案：B 參考譯文： 驚天大陰謀是一本重要的書，可供歷史學(xué)家研究“水門事件”。 解析：All the Presidents Men

9、是一個書名，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，此句在闡述事實，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。,復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待（如人名、地點、國家、組織、書籍、報刊等），動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1）The United States is in North America.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution（決議）。3）The Arabian Nights（天方夜譚）is an interesting book. 4）The New York Times is a good newspaper.,5.The research requires more money than

10、 _.（2007-61） A. have been put in B. has been put in C. being put in D. to be put in,答案：B 解析：本句中連詞than 后面省略了主語it，此處it 指代的是前面提到的money，因此后面的動詞用單數(shù)；從語義上來看，這里是比較需要的錢和已經(jīng)投入的錢，故用現(xiàn)在完成式has been put in,6.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（2012-65） A. Poultry are very expensive in the city. B. New ma

11、chinery were introduced in the factory. C. The police are investigating the murder case. D. The militia were called out to rescue flood victims.,答案：B 原則：語法一致和意義一致,1).通常做復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞，如police, people, folk, youth, clergy（教士）, cattle, militia, poultry（家禽）, vermin（害蟲）等； 以“ch、sh、-ese”等結(jié)尾的表示國籍的詞，如The French, T

12、he British, The Chinese等，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police have caught the murderer. The Chinese are famous for their hospitality. 2).通常做不可數(shù)的集體名詞,表示總稱，如machinery, stationery（文具）, furniture, merchandise （商品） ,foliage（樹和植物葉子的總稱），謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 New machinery is being installed in the factory.,以集體名詞（Collective Noun)做主語時:,3

13、).有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience, government, public（公眾）,等作主語時，如看作是一個整體，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式；如強調(diào)各個成員時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： My family is going to have a long journey. My family are fond of music. The class has won the honor. The class were jumping for joy.,4.)如果主語是由“a committee of /a panel of / a board o

14、f +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，隨后的動詞通常用 單數(shù)。 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.,某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語的數(shù)： a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) the majority of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) a number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) the number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) neither/either of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) one and a half +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) each/every +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單

15、數(shù) more than one +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) many a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) the greater part of / a large proportion of / 50% of / one third of / plenty of / the rest of 謂語的數(shù)與of后面的名詞一致 Two thirds of the students are girls in our class.,More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected

16、 C. has been infecting D. have been infecting More students than one _. A. were punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punish,More 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one 和 more than one 單數(shù)名詞的意義相同，均表示“不只一個”，但前者用作復(fù)數(shù)，后者用作單數(shù)。,7.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?（2013-59） A. Politics are the ar

17、t or science of government. B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.,答案：A 方法：直選法或排除法,A. 表示學(xué)科一類的名詞作主語時 B. 表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時，其謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he ne

18、eds.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance. C. 表示疾病的名詞做主語，雖以“S”結(jié)尾但謂語動詞多用單數(shù)。arthritis(關(guān)節(jié)炎），bronchitis(支氣管炎）， diabetes（糖尿病）, tuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）, measles（麻疹）， mumps(腮腺炎），rickets(軟骨?。┑?Diabetes is considered a disease that belongs to the wealthy/the rich. D. 集體名詞作主語時,1）The writer and worker are coming t

19、o our school tomorrow. 2）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. 3）Bread and butter is their daily food. 4）Bread and butter are their daily food.,請判斷句子正誤并解釋,并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。,the + 形容詞（或分詞）作主語時，常指一類人，如the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the you

20、ng, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf , the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。;但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別,則謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時,就要與名詞man, person 或表示人的單數(shù)連用。,1）The young is usually very active. 2）The departed(死者)was a well-known engineer.,1）Every boy and girl have been i

21、nvited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會。2）No teacher and no student are absent today. 今天沒有老師和學(xué)生缺席。3）Many a students is busy with their lessons. 許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。,有each, every, no, many a修飾名詞時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。,1）Each takes a cup of tea.2）Either is correct.3）Neither of them like this picture.,由each, either,

22、one, another, the other, neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,由every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,1）Is everyone here?2）Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。,Exercise,1.A round and a square table _ in the shop window. A. was exhibiting B. was exhibited C. were exhibiting D. were exhibited 2.When he got to the fair(交易會), what were left behind _ ten empty bottles. A. was B. were C. just D. only,3.Every policeman and fireman _ on the alert. A. was B. were C. have been D. are 4. Ten percent of the workers in this city _ now on strike. A. is B. are C. is to be