選修8==Unit2 Reading.ppt

1、Reading,Unit 2:Cloning,Twins,They are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.,A strawberry plant,The new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.,一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖, 一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓苗。,富貴竹插枝即活,The gardener should cut the plant, then the cutting produce another

2、 new plant.,1996 cloning sheeps,2001 cloning cattle,我國成功繁殖克隆兔 體形要比普通兔大許多,2002年5月 中旬成功地 繁殖了一只 胚胎細(xì)胞 克隆兔。,2002 cloning cats,2002年4月16日美國第一頭克隆牛“艾米”產(chǎn)下牛犢。,2005 cloning dogs,In pairs discuss what you understand about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find out. Share your lists with one another.,

3、Pre-reading,1. What is a clone?,A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.,2. How is a clone produced？,1)The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man- made

4、cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). 2)The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.,3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning？,Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin

5、ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.,4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?,People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever. People may want to clone dead children. People may want to clone their f

6、avourite pets.,1. What is the main topic? _ A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places. 2. What is the writing style? _ A. Expositive (說明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative (議論性的).,Cloning: Where is it leading us?,A,A,Scanning,Learning tips: The passage is written in the ex

7、positive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.,3. Dolly the sheep _. A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact cop

8、y of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep.,B,4. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the original one B. usually lives longer than the original one C. usual

9、ly dies earlier than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original one,C,5. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning? _ A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. C. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct

10、. D. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.,D,6. Which of the following is wrong? _ A. Cloned people could live forever. B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid. C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband. D. Men will die out because a woman can give bir

11、th to a baby without a husband.,A,7. Which statement is NOT true? _ A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg. C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money. D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than

12、plant cloning.,A,8. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failed,B,9. The lamb

13、 is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep 10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12,C,D,11. The main idea of the text is _ A. animal

14、cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden. C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.,D,12. Which of the foll

15、owing is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text? _ A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals. C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings. D. Too much cloning may lead

16、 to the destruction of the balance of nature.,D,13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with

17、the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.,D,Careful reading,The main idea of each paragraph.,Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses. 3. The _ of Dolly. 4. The _ of clonging in society. 5. The _towards cloning.,a way of making

18、 an exact copy of another animal and plant.,problems,two major,effect,attitudes,It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _.,plants,animals,themselves,humans,Natural clone,Man-made clone,Para 1: The definition of cloning,1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Se

19、condly, research 2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep? 3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?,3,Para 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning,1996,normally,Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original one.,Para 3: The pr

20、oblems of Dolly,The word “controversial” in Para 4 probably means _. A. complicated B. arguable C. important,Para 4: The impact of Dolly,B,True or false: 1. People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world. 2. All the research into human beings will be forbidden. 3. Some countries will u

21、se cloning in a wise way.,Para 5: Peoples reaction to cloning,Many governments forbade research into human beings.,T,T,F,Hitler: an evil leader,意大利狂人醫(yī)生:安蒂諾里,冒死也要克隆人的科學(xué)家:布瓦瑟利耶,1 Read the passage and answer these questions.,Comprehending,1. What are the two major uses of cloning?,The first use is to p

22、roduce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.,2. Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?,Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.,3. What was the first

23、 clone from an adult animal? At what age did this clone die?,4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries?,The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.,Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.,Animals m

24、ay develop the illnesses of older animals.,Fill in the chart.,Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans.,Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals,Evil leader may want to clone themselves.,There are moral objections to cloning human beings.,Cloning plants can pro

25、duce plants of similar quality for sale.,Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.,Cloning can help save endangered animals.,3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage? Is it in favour of cloning or against it?,I think the writer is _ because_ _,im

26、partial,he/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.,1. Do you support the idea of producing human embryos (胚胎) for medical purposes? Why? 2. Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ (器官) transplants? Why? 3. Do you think a cloned human should have human rights? Why? 4

27、. Do you think cloned humans will have the same talents as the original ones? Why?,Discussion,As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commerci

28、al quantities of plants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much trouble: such as moral questions.,Practice activity: Debate,Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning? What is your point of view on it?,1. This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins i

29、dentical in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中從句的動(dòng)作可以與 主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed.(03, 全國)A. unlessB. since C. althoughD. when,Language points,D,2) happen vi. occu

30、r by chance; take place (偶然地)發(fā)生; 出現(xiàn) happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件; 偶然發(fā)生的事 (常用復(fù)數(shù)) 辨析: happen, occur, take place與come about 四詞都有“發(fā)生”之意, 但有區(qū)別。 happen 是一般用語, 詞義較廣, 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情 發(fā)生的偶然性; occur 用法較正式, 既可以指自然發(fā)生, 也 可以指有意安排。,碰巧,(某人)發(fā)生什么事了,碰巧,他的原話是什么？ What were his exact words? 我不知道房間的確切大

31、小。 I dont know the exact size of the room. 那恰恰是我期待的。 Thats exactly what I expected. 你到得正是時(shí)候。 Youve arrived at exactly the right moment. exactly speaking / to be exact,These two designs are almost identical. My opinion is identical to his. This picture is identical to the one my mother has .,1) When

32、did the explosion _? 2) Important elections _ this fall. 3) The concert will _ next Sunday. 4) How did the quarrel _?,occur,take place,come about,happen,Use the above words to fill in the blanks.,take place 一般指有計(jì)劃, 按事先安排的 進(jìn)行的含義。 come about 往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因, 常 與how 連用。 以上四組詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞, 無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,identity n c/u

33、身份,本身,本體 1)The police are trying to discover the of the killer. 2) a false identity/ID card 3) She went through an identity crsis in her teens. 自我認(rèn)同的危機(jī) c 相同,一致,統(tǒng)一性 (with) 1)an identity of interests 2) Fans have a close identity with their team.,identify vt 確認(rèn),鑒定(身份,性質(zhì)) 1)The police identified the bo

34、dy as a suspected drug dealer. 2)He refused to identified himself. 3)Please identify your own suitcase before it was put on the plane.,identification,identical,identify with sb(和某人有一樣的情感) 和某人產(chǎn)生 共鳴;同情,諒解 1)I like the book because I could identify with some of the characters. identify sb with sth =con

35、sider sb to be. The public identify him with the tough guy. identify sth with sth=consider sth to be. You should not identify happiness with wealth identify sb/sth as.=show sb to be Sometimes the clothes people wear identify them as what class of persons. be identified with identify yourself with同情,

36、支持,2.Cloning plants is straightforward. straightforward adj. 簡單的, 易懂的， 坦誠的, 坦率的 straightforwardly adv. 率直地, 坦誠地 straightforwardness n. 率直 1)Jack is rough, but always straightforward. 2)Installing the program is relatively straightforward. 3)She admired his straightforwardness.,Clone vt 克隆 n 克隆物/人 Cl

37、oning adj 克隆的,研究克隆的,和克隆有關(guān)的 u克隆(過程) Cloned 被克隆的 1)In many aspects natural_,such as identical twins,do not differ greatly from man-made ones. 2)He was cast down when the procedure he had used to produce a mammal_ ended in failure. 3)To do this he thought that he would have to _himself. 4)Freddy was ca

38、st down and looked for some way to reform the_procedure to avoid this problem. 5)Some _scientists hold the belief that_may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs. 6)A fierce debate arises over the question whether human_experiments should be allowed. 7)Scientists believe human_is just a mat

39、ter of time but the assumption that human_have already been born hasnt proved yet.,clone,clone,clones,cloning,cloning,cloning,cloning,cloning,clones,3. It is a difficult task to undertake. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 著手做, 從事, 進(jìn)行; 擔(dān)任, 承擔(dān), 答應(yīng), 同意。 The procedure is difficult to undertake, of

40、course. 當(dāng)然, 這個(gè)過程很難實(shí)施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科學(xué)家從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。 I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。 他許諾當(dāng)我們的向?qū)? He undertook to be our guide .,完成下列句子。 1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那個(gè)律師接了一個(gè)新的案子。 2) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行). 3) He _ _ _ _. (承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)新任務(wù)),undertoo

41、k,undertook a new task,undertake a journey,John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A. His hard work paid off when he got the promotion. Ill pay off my debt with this check.,拓展: pay back 償還;報(bào)復(fù) pay for 付的錢;為付出代價(jià) pay down + sth. 付款,付定錢 pay up 償還(欠款),4.pay off 是值得的,沒有白費(fèi) / 償

42、還掉,付掉,He paid the money down and took the goods. He paid $10 down and agreed to pay the rest in monthly installments. The landlord demanded that the man pay up or go to jail. If you dont pay up, Ill take legal action. Ill pay him back for what he did to me.,用介詞back, off, to,填空： 1) -Your effort is su

43、re to pay_. - Thank you for your encouragement. 2) The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit, was burnt to the ground. 3) How can I pay you _ for all your kindness? 4) Well, after these years, weve at last paid _ all our debts.,off,to,back,off,contain v. 包含, 含有 2) needed to produce a new shee

44、p 為過去分詞 短語作后置定語, 修飾其前面的名詞 genes, 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系。,5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 這個(gè)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核含有生產(chǎn)一只新的綿羊的 必需的基因。,辨析: contain 與 include contain “包含, 含有”, 側(cè)重于包含的內(nèi)容或 成分, “里面裝有”; include “包括”, 側(cè)重范圍或整體。 e.g. 1) Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol. 2) The book _ f

45、orty maps, _ three of Great Britain.,contains,contains,including,6. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity. 從綿羊B中取出的細(xì)胞核與從綿羊A中取出 的卵細(xì)胞用電流使之結(jié)合。,1) using electricity 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。 2) 聯(lián)手, 攜手 參加活動(dòng) 和某人一起做事 參軍, 連起來,join hands,join in sth. / doing sth,join sb. in

46、sth.,join up,take part in 指參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng), 并以積極的態(tài)度 在所參加的活動(dòng)中起作用； join “加入”團(tuán)體或組織； join in 指參加活動(dòng)和游戲； join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事； attend 參加會(huì)議 (聽演講、聽音樂、參加婚禮),辨析: take part in, join, join in 與 attend,7. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看來是在正常地成長著, 這很令人鼓舞?！皌hat she seemed to deve

47、lop normally”是同位語 從句。 為了保持句子的平衡, 同位語從句還可以放在動(dòng) 詞的后面。 如: Soon word came that we won.,8.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 表示方位、時(shí)間或方式的副詞或介詞短語,如then, now, here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首時(shí)，主謂完全倒裝。 In the window appeared the handwrit

48、ten sign, “For sale, Irish sheets of first class quality. The low price of $6.5”. Out rushed the children.,In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 遼寧)A. stand many lakesB. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand,B,disturbing adj. The news from the fro

49、nt is very disturbing. 來自前線的消息令人極為不安。 disturb vt. 擾亂, 使不安, 弄亂; disturbed adj. 被擾亂的, 感到不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。,如: an interesting story 令人感興趣的故事 an interested look 感到興趣的表情 surprised people (感到)驚奇的人們,用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。 1) Im very _ about Alice. 2) Dont _ the papers on my desk. 3) Th

50、is country is in a _ state. 4) What _ news it is! 5) A light wind _ the surface of the water.,disturbed,disturb,disturbing,disturbing,disturbed,9.Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科學(xué)家沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易發(fā)生在 年老的羊身上(按理是不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生在Dolly身上的)

51、 cast down 使沮喪; 毀掉 (常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或 作表語) 不要這么沮喪, 打起精神來！ Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. cast away 丟棄 cast off 放棄; 丟棄 cast out 趕走,1) 聽到這個(gè)消息他很沮喪。 _ 2) 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。 _,He was cast down to hear the news.,Finding out the truth made him cast down.,將下列句子譯成英語。,be appropriate to: 適合于的，與相稱的 be suita

52、ble for a particular person, condition, occasion or place; fitting 用與你的題目相稱的體裁寫。 Write in a style appropriate to your subject. 普通鞋不適于跑步。 Ordinary shoes are not appropriate to running.,10. altogether 和 all together 及 together 1) altogether adv. 總共, 完全地, 總之, 總而言之 You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your wor

53、k is altogether perfect. 2) all together 全部在同一地方或同一時(shí)間 Can you put your books all together in this box? 3) together adv. 在一起, 共同地 All his trouble seemed to come together. Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man. A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhow,B,altogether adv. 全部，總共 How mu

54、ch will it be altogether? 總而言之 Altogether, our achievements are great. 完全地(completely)Hes not altogether sure what to do.,all together與altogether 總共 all together=altogether There were altogether/ all together 40 students in the class. all together一道,一起 They came all together. altogether “完全地，徹底地，總而言

55、之”， 用于否定句時(shí)是部分否定。 Its altogether out of the question. I dont altogether agree with you.,11. On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面, 多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對，激發(fā) 了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。 object v. 達(dá)到(年齡, 水平, 狀況等) He attianed success

56、 through hard work. More women are attaining positions of power in public life. 在社會(huì)生活中獲得權(quán)位 He attained the age of 25 before graduating. The river level has attained a high of three meters. 已漲到三米之高,比較： obtain vt. (經(jīng)買, 借, 拿等)獲得, 得到某物 He always manages to obtain what he wants. Where can I obtain a copy of her latest books?,14. Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府開始感到不安, 有許多政府禁止對克隆的研究。,forbid sth. doing sth. sb. to do sth. sb. from doing sth. sb. sth that Smoking should be forbidden in public places. 公共場所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。 Lack of space forbids further treatme