中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 構(gòu)詞法（二）導(dǎo)學(xué)案 人教新目標(biāo)版

1、構(gòu)詞法（二） 英語(yǔ)詞匯是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)，但英語(yǔ)單詞千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)。構(gòu)詞法可以方便我們記單詞還可以幫助我們辨認(rèn)單詞的詞性。同時(shí)，構(gòu)詞法對(duì)我們作閱讀理解時(shí)猜測(cè)詞義也有很大的幫助。下面我們一起將初中階段常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)詞法總結(jié)一下。【名詞加詞綴的變化】溫馨提示：下面各詞要先在橫線上寫(xiě)出所對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞，然后在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出其漢意。注意，并非所有的詞都是直接變化。1.名詞加后綴“y”變成形容詞（一）表示天氣sun-_( ) wind -_( ) cloud -_( ) rain -_( ) snow -_( ) （二）表示具有某種性質(zhì)的fun-_( ) health -_( ) noise-_( ) salt-_( ) l

2、uck -_( ) sleep -_( ) s2. 名詞加后綴 “-full（充滿.的）”或 “-less（缺少.的）”變成形容詞care_ ( ) _( ) use-_( ) _( ) color-_( ) _ ( ) help-_( ) _( )hope -_( ) _ ( )success-_( ) wonder-_( ) peace-_( ) play-_( ) home-_( )3.表示方向的名詞后加后綴 “-ern”變成形容詞，意思是某個(gè)方位的east-_( ) west -_( ) south-_( ) north-_( )4.名詞后加 “-al”變成形容詞，表示具有某種性質(zhì)的p

3、erson- _( ) education_( ) tradition-_( ) medicine-_( ) music -_( )5.名詞或動(dòng)詞后加 “-ed”變成形容詞（主要修飾人），加 “ing”變成形容詞（主要修飾物）move-_( ) _( )bore-_( ) _( ) tire-_( ) _( )interest-_( )_( )excite-_( ) _( )surprise-_( ) _( )disappoint-_( )_ ( )embarrass-_( )_ ( )6.名詞后加 “-ly”變成形容詞friend-_( ) love-_( ) 7. 名詞后加 “-ous”變

4、成形容詞danger-_( ) mystery-_( ) humor-_( )danger -_( )8.名詞或動(dòng)詞后加“-able”變成形容詞Value-_( )comfort-_( ）【動(dòng)詞加詞綴的變化】1.動(dòng)詞加后綴 “-er”或” “-or”變成名詞，意思是從事這種工作的人work-_( ) sing-_( )each-_( ) drive-_( )write-_( ) dance-_( ) win-_( ) run-_( ) act-_( )direct-_( )visit-_ ( ) invent-_ ( ) 2.動(dòng)詞加后綴 “-tion”或” “-ion”變成名詞，意思常不變 c

5、ollect-_(收藏) invent-_(發(fā)明)pollute-_( )educate-_( ) invite-_( )3.動(dòng)詞加后綴 “-ment”變成名詞，意思常不變 agree-_( )punish-_( )improve-_( )develop-_( )move-_( )4. 動(dòng)詞加前綴“dis-”變成意思相反的動(dòng)詞appear-_( ) like-_( ) agree-_( )【形容詞的變化】1. 形容詞加后綴 “-ly”變副詞 quick-_( ) strong-_( ) heavy-_( ) angry-_( ) happy-_( ) lucky-_( ) healthy-_(

6、 ) noisy-_( ) usual-_( ) careful-_( ) real-_( ) successful-_( ) terrible-_( ) possible-_( ) 2. 形容詞加后綴“-ness”變名詞 kind-_( ) happy-_( )ill-_( ) 3.形容詞加前綴“un-”變成意思相反的形容詞happy-_ ( ) comfortable-_( )crowded-_( ) easy-_( )expected-_( ) believable-_( )Usual-_( ) fair-_( )【鞏固練習(xí)】1.That man was _enough，he told

7、us everything we needed.A. care B. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. die B. dead C. died D. death3.The child looked _at his brother who was badly wounded. A .sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad4.You did a good job, we are all _

8、of you! A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely5.To everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well. A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising6.Mum,the soup is not _enough. A little more _,please.【2015菏澤改】A. salt, salt B. salty, salty C. salt, salty D. salty, salt 7._, a lot of people died in the eart

9、hquake. A. Lucky B. Unlucky C. Luckily D. Unluckily8.Neither Mr. Zhang nor his students _in how to clone a dog.A. is interesting B. is interested C. are interesting D. are interested9. The _who drank wine mustnt drive. Its _.A. drive, danger B. driver, dangerous C. drive, dangerous D. driver, danger

10、10.Landing on the moon sounds_. I hope i can go there on day. A. wonderful B. wonderfully C. wonder11.Jack always talks to us_. We think he is a good boy. A. Angrily B. Politely C. Seriously12.What was the secret to my_? It was hard working! A. Happiness B. Success C. Kindness13. Jessicas parents always encourage her _out her opinions. A. speak B. speaker C. to speak D. Speaking14. I think Zhou Xun is one of th