初中英語語法—數(shù)詞.ppt

1、初中英語語法,稻田一中 李培軍,數(shù)詞,數(shù) 詞,數(shù)詞就是表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞，分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。,一、基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。,1.基數(shù)詞的形式： A從110： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten B從 1119： eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen 注意： 這里除 eleven，twelve，thirteen，fifteen，eighteen為特殊形式 外，fourteen，sixteen，

2、seventeen，nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式 后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。,C從 2199 ： 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty為特殊形式 外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu) 成。表示幾十幾時，在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符 “-”。例如：21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six 注意： forty的拼寫。 D百位數(shù)： 基數(shù)詞101999，先說“幾百”，再加“and”，再加末兩位數(shù)。 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and tw

3、enty 648 six hundred and forty-eight 注意： 在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-”。,E千位數(shù)以上： 1000以上數(shù)目,從右向左每三位用“，” 分開,分別讀為thousand , million, billion 。 例如：5, 237, 166, 2 34 讀作：,2,648 16,250,064,billion,million,thousand,hundred,and,five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hu

4、ndred and thirty-four,two thousand, six hundred and forty-eight,sixteen million, two hundred and fifty thousand, sixty-four,2基數(shù)詞用法：,、表示具體數(shù)目,hundred, thousand, million不用復(fù)數(shù)。 表示不確定數(shù)目,用復(fù)數(shù)。即hundreds of(數(shù)百), thousands of(數(shù)千), millions of(數(shù)百萬)+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù),可以用many/several修飾，但不能與具體數(shù)目連用。 1) Our country has a popula

5、tion of 1,300 million people. 2) There are three thousand students in our school. 3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless. 4) Several / Many thousands of trees must be planted every year. 注意：several thousands of trees = several thousand trees,即學(xué)即用： Many_ trees must be planted every yea

6、r. A. thousands of B. million of C. hundred of D. hundreds,four thousand of the students(學(xué)生中的四千人) four thousand students(四千學(xué)生),注意,、 “幾十”的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示： 幾十多歲 - “in + ones +整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)” 年 代 -“ in + the +整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)” My parents are in their forties. It was in the 1960s/ in the 1960s In the nineties, most people go

7、to work by bike.,、基數(shù)詞表示編碼：Room 207 207房 Class 2，Grade 9 九年級二班 Page Five = the fifth page 第五頁 Lesson One = the first lesson 第一課 Bus No.3 = the No.3 bus 3號汽車 No. 1 Middle School 第一中學(xué),注意：用此種方法表示時，首字母需大寫，不加冠詞。,twenties，thirties，forties，fifties，sixties，seventies， eighties，nineties,即學(xué)即用： 1.In his _(fifty)

8、, he started to learn English. 2.The city changed a lot _. A. in 1980s B. in the 1980s C. in the 1980 3. He graduated in _ of _ century. A. the sixtieth; twenty B. sixty; the twentieth C. the sixties; the twentieth 4. He got the prize _. A. in his fifties B. in fifties C. in his fifty 5.The winner i

9、s _. He is an _ boy . A. eight-year-old; eight years old B. eight years old; eight-year-old C. eight-years old; eight-year-old 6.He came to China _. A. at the age of 20 B. when he is 20 C. at age of 20,B,fifties,C,A,B,A,即學(xué)即用： 1)How far is your uncles home from here? Its about two_ drive. A. hours B.

10、 hours C. hours D. hour 2)Dont talk to Simon like that. He is only an _ boy. A. eleven year old B. eleven years old C. eleven year old D. eleven years old,C,A,、“基數(shù)詞+名詞” 的合成形容詞作定語。 Kate is an eighteen year old girl. 凱特是個18歲的女孩。 eighteen的讀音以元音開頭，故其前要用不定冠詞an。 注意：這種合成形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“數(shù)詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞”。復(fù)合形容詞中，詞與詞之間要加連字

11、符“”。 a seven-day holiday= a seven days holiday have a two-week holiday = have a two weeks holiday有兩周的休假 ask for a three-day leave = ask for a three days leave請三天假,、表示時刻 （注意：表示在幾點鐘用介詞 at） 1)順讀法-先時后分, “幾點幾分” 9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one,3) 15分鐘：a quarter 30分鐘：a half 9:15 a quarter past nine 12

12、:30 half past twelve,2)逆讀法-先分后時 表示“幾點過幾分”，半小時以內(nèi)，介詞用past， 分鐘數(shù)+past +鐘點數(shù)。 10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight,表示“幾點差幾分”，半小時以上，介詞用to， 60減原分鐘+ to + (下一個)鐘點數(shù)。 9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight,、表計量： “基數(shù)詞+度量單位+形容詞” The classroom is 7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.,Its already 7:40

13、now. When will the film start? _. We still have five minutes. A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eight,5:15 6:45,a quarter,分鐘逢15 即 一刻鐘,4:40,（60-分鐘） + to +（小時 + 1）,30分鐘,7:50,按順序讀基數(shù)詞,簡化法,3:30,half + past + 小時,= 30 分鐘,2:10,分鐘 + past +小時,30分鐘,1:00,基數(shù)詞（+ oclock),整點,讀法,例,表示法,時間

14、類型,one oclock,ten past two,half past three,twenty to five,a quarter past five,a quarter to seven,seven fifty,我看我行：,.月、日、年：在2008年10月1日,、年、月、日的表示法：,on Octorber the first, two thousand and eight,on August the ninth,in May, two thousand and ten,注意：有日用 on 無日用in,on Oct. 1st , 2008,.月、日： 在8月9日 .月、年： 在2010年

15、5月,寫法：,讀法：,讀法：,1. The accident happened on_. A. April 5, 2001 B. 2001, April 5 C. April 2001, 5 2. I was born _. A. in March 8, 1993 B. on July 9, 1994 C. on May, 1995,即學(xué)即用：,一個半小時 兩個半小時,two and a half hours= two hours and a half,one and a half hours= one hour and a half,、 “半”的表示法:,1. The boy always

16、stays there for _. A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour C. one and a half hours 2. The old man drank_ beer. A. two bottles and a half B. two and a half bottle C. two bottle and a half,“一兩天”“的表示法： one day or two one or two days,注意：,“三年半” three years and a half three and a half years,再例如：,“一倍”

17、once “兩倍” twice， “三倍” three times (三倍或以上 基數(shù)詞times),、倍數(shù)的表示法：,This box is five times as big as that one. =This box is four times bigger than that one., A + be + 倍數(shù) + as +adj.原形+ as +B. A是B的 倍 A + be + 倍數(shù) + adj.比+ than + B. A比B 倍,即學(xué)即用： 1. This building is _ that building. A. three time as tall as B. tw

18、ice taller than C. three times as taller as 2. 我的箱子比你的重六倍! My box is _ yours.,six times heavier than,seven times as heavy as,、電話號碼的讀法為順次讀出一個個數(shù)字，“0”讀作“o”或“zero”。數(shù)字連續(xù)重現(xiàn)時可用“double(雙)”。 62884405讀作six two eight eight four four o (或zero) five或six two double eight double four o (或zero) five。,、another, more

19、修飾數(shù)詞的用法： . another 表“另外的、 額外的、附加的”時，用 “another +具體數(shù)字+名詞 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The strike may last another three days罷工可能還要持續(xù)三天。 Have you finished your report yet？ No，I will finish it in 10 minutes Aanother BOther Cmore Dless . more表“另外的、 額外的、附加的”時，用 “具體數(shù)字+more+名詞 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)。,二、序數(shù)詞,表示順序的數(shù)詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞一般以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構(gòu)成；多個單

20、詞時，僅最后一個變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。序數(shù)詞前一般需加“the”。 1“基數(shù)詞”變“序數(shù)詞”的口訣： 基變序，有規(guī)律， 一、二、三特殊記，first，second，third， 從四開始加 th，八去t，九去e加 th， 五、十二變ve為f加th， 整十后變y為ie加th，若想表示幾十幾，只變個位就可以。,基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)字寫法 one first 1st two second 2nd three third 3rd five fifth 5th eight eighth 8th nine ninth 9th twelve twelfth 12th twenty twentieth 20th twen

21、ty-one twenty-first 21st twenty-two twenty-second 22nd twenty-three twenty-third 23rd twenty-four twenty-fourth 24th,2序數(shù)詞的用法： .序數(shù)詞作定語，前面要加the。 The first truck is carrying a food basket John lives on the fifteenth floor She is my first English teacher.（注意：名詞前若有名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞不用the） .有時“a/an+序數(shù)詞+名詞”，表示“

22、再一”，“又一” 的意思。 Well have to do it a second timeShall I ask him a third time？ 注意：more和another都有再；又之意。區(qū)別如下： . “基數(shù)詞more名詞”。如：The boy had two more apples/two apples more.句型可變?yōu)椋骸皊ome/a few/a little/many/much等 more名詞”。如：Would you like some more tea? .“another基數(shù)詞名詞”。如：He wrote another two letters/two more l

23、etters to her.,三、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù),1分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)與讀法： 先讀分子，再讀分母。分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時，分母加-s。分子為one時可換用“a” 。 Two thirds of the students are girls in our class. 在我們班，三分之二的學(xué)生是女孩。 21/2讀作“a(one)half”(而不是a second“一秒鐘”)；1/4既可讀作“a (one) quarter”，又可讀作“a (one) fourth”。 Three quarters of the worlds books and newspapers are writte

24、n in English.世界上3/4的書和報紙是用英語寫的。,1 5,分子 基數(shù)詞 分母 序數(shù)詞,one fifth,2 7,分子 1 分母 + s,two sevenths,1 4,分子 a 分母 quarter,a quarter,3 4,three quarters,1 2,a half,1 3,three and one third,3,基數(shù)詞 + and + 分?jǐn)?shù),分?jǐn)?shù)讀法練習(xí)：,3.百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)與讀法： 先讀基數(shù)詞，再讀百分號“%”(讀作percent)。 5%讀作five percent 05%讀作zero point five percent 80 %讀作eighty per

25、cent 200%讀作two hundred percent,half / (百)分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) ，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) half / (百)分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù) 但是：half / (百)分?jǐn)?shù) + of + population謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),注意：,1. _ of the students _ boys in Class A. Two three; are B. Two thirds; are C. Two thirds; is 2. _ of her money _ spent on clothes. A. Two three; are B. Two

26、 thirds; is C. Two third; is 3. _ the teachers in our school is about one hundred, and _ of them are women teachers. A. The number of; two third B. The number of ; two thirds C. A number of; two thirds 4. There are forty eight students in our class. And _ of us are girls. So, you have sixteen boys.

27、A. one third B. two thirds C. two third D. one fourth,即學(xué)即用：,四、其他數(shù)的表達(dá)：,1小數(shù)的讀法：小數(shù)點前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同，小數(shù)點讀作“point”，小數(shù)點后只需將數(shù)字一一讀出。 1567讀作fifteen point_six_seven 0009讀作zero point zero zero nine 或nought point nought nought nine 2年代的讀法為兩位、兩位地讀。整百的后讀hundred，整千的后讀thousand，前常加“the year”。 1937讀作nineteen thir

28、tyseven 或：nineteen hundred and thirtyseven 1900年讀作nineteen hundred 1905年讀作nineteen and(或o)five 或：nineteen hundred and five 2000年讀作the year two thousand,3一些數(shù)學(xué)公式的讀法：“加”用plus/and，“減”用minus，“乘”用times，“除”用divided by，動詞多用單數(shù)，如： 358讀作：Three plus/and five is eight. 927讀作：Nine minus two is seven. 6530讀作：Five

29、times six is thirty. 842讀作：Eight divided by four is two.,中考典型例題解析,數(shù)詞考點訓(xùn)練,. 單項填空 1. The old man began to learn to drive a car at the age of_ ASixty Bthe sixtieth Csixty years old Dsixties 2.Whats the time, please? Its _. Anine thirtyfive Bforty eight past six Cfifty five to four Dthirty one two 3.Can

30、 you write the number “eightyfive thousand, six hundred and twentysix”? Yes, it is _. A856620 B85626 C58662 D58626 4.My good friend Zhangying studies at _ Middle School. A16 Bthe 16 C16th No. DNo.16,5.There are _ days in a year. Athree hundreds sixtyfive Bthree hundred and sixty five Cthe third hund

31、red sixtyfive Dthird hundred and sixty five 6.Henry is _ tallest in their class. AThree Bthe three Cthird Dthe third 7.About _ of the students in our class are League members. Afourfifth Bfour fifth Cfourfives Dfour fifths 8.How many workers are there in your factory? There are two _. Ahundreds Bhun

32、dred Chundred of Dhundreds of,9.We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. Atwentyfirst Btwentiethfirst Ctwentyone Dtwentieth one 10.What do you think of a war, Li Ming? Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War in Iraq. Athree thousands Btho

33、usand of Cthousands of Dseveral thousands 11.Today is Dec 1.“1” can be pronounced _. Aone Ba first Cthe one Dthe first,12.I want _of beef, please. Ahalf a kilo Bhalf kilo Chalf and kilo Dhalf kilos 13.The Changjiang River is one of_longest rivers in_world. Athe; / Ba; / Cthe; the Dthe; a 14.He began

34、 to make a living by himself_. Ain his thirty Bin his thirties Cin the thirty Din the thirties 15. This is Mr. Whites _ visit to Beijing. He has been there twice before. A. two B. second C. there D. third,16.The Peoples Liberation Army was founded _. A. on August 1th, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August C. on

35、 August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927 17. This dining-room is _ our classroom. A. three times as big as B. as three times big as C. three times big as D. as big three times as 18. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students. A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of 19. T