不定式由to-動詞原形構成(1).ppt

1、The infinitive 不定式,不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構成。,不定式,結構 : to do (否定) not/never to do,二. 時態(tài)與語態(tài),不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,(1).They pr

2、etended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生/在它之后.),(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進行),(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前),(4).Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的 動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)),動詞不定式的時態(tài),想一想,He pretends to be ill to sleep in

3、 class.,一般式( to do ),He pretends to be listening when asked.,進行式( to be doing),不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。,如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進行。,He pretends to have understood the lesson.,完成式（to have done),表示不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。,動詞不定式的句法功能,To have an ice cream is cool.,I want to see you this evening.,A

4、ll you should do now is to remember todays lesson.,I want a pen to write with.,He lowered his head to sleep.,He asked his partner not to copy the homework.,主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,賓補,重點!,Remember them!,一、-ing形式與不定式的區(qū)別,不定式一般表示某個一次性的、具體的、未做的動作；而-ing形式則表示習慣的（泛指的）動作或一件已知的事或經驗。,Getting up early is a good habit.,T

5、o finish the work in a week is impossible.,二、不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。,但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主語。,It is impossible to finish the work in a week.,It is/was,not any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,no use/good,若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞, 應保持形式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,It is no

6、use crying over spilt milk. It is of little good staying up too late every day.,注意,1)有些動詞要求只接不定式作賓語： hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decide pretend choose fail dare offer help,三個希望兩答應,兩個要求莫拒絕,做到學會作決定,不要假裝在選擇,沒敢提出來幫助,三、不定式和ing形式作賓語的區(qū)別,2)有些動詞只接ing作賓語,常見的有： resist、 object to

7、、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ； mind、 imagine、 practise、suggest、appreciate.,抗議推遲盼喜報， 心想練成薦欣賞,Bear them in your mind!,四、不帶to的不定式作賓補,四看,watch,see,observe,notice,I heard them sing a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football .,如果上述結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),不定式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語,此

8、時動詞(let, have無被動語態(tài))后原來不帶to的不定式要加to。 如: He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work .,Be careful!,五、介詞except/ but 之后接不定式時，如果介詞前有實意動詞do的各種形式則except/ but 后接不帶to 的不定式；反之，如果except/ but前沒有實意動詞do，則不定式帶to 。 Cai has no choice but to do the homework. Cai does nothing but sleep every day.,六、 作定語的不定式

9、如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。 He is looking for a room to live in.,不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介詞習慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.,七、 something, anything, nothing, everything等復合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。,1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？ （不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是you） 2) Ha

10、ve you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else）,注意比較,To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.,八、獨立結構,to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth,九、 不定式的省略,(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現過,下文要 省略該動詞.,- Would you like to go with me ? - Id like to .,(2). 不定式是to be 結構,

11、 be 不可省.,- Would you like to be a teacher? - Id like to be.,十、 固定句型:,had better/had best + (not) do sth. Why (not) do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doing prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B prefer + to do A rather than do B would rather (not) do sth. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子（過去式）

12、 （虛擬語氣） 要做,不定式運用口訣 本領最多不定式，主、表、賓、補、定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。 大家千萬要當心，有時它把句型改， 作主賓時用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七個感官三使役， 賓補要把to甩開； 疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當； 邏輯主語不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否定， 各種用法區(qū)別開。,Use your head!,高考題回放,1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C.

13、 for hearing D. hearing 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying,3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 4. They are c

14、onsidering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house,5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.

15、A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard,（0.47）,2007卷9,7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it

16、 what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it,9. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 10. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B.

17、 Having had C. Have D. Having,=To have,exercise,My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the A

18、tlantic. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being,B,D,C,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard _. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn 6.The light in the office i

19、s still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,B,D,C,幾對易混淆的詞組： stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做 forget to do sth.忘記去做 doing sth.忘記已做了 remember to do sth.記得去做 doing sth.記得曾經做,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and

20、the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to s

21、tudy,B,A,9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished 11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go,B,D,B,12._ a living, she had to work from morning ti