2015中考英語沖刺講座.ppt

1、2015中考英語沖刺講座,河南中考英語試題的命題依據(jù)和走勢,走勢： 重視基礎(chǔ)、強調(diào)能力 淡化語法、強調(diào)語境 突出語篇、注重語用 關(guān)注熱點、透視實際,依據(jù)： 英語課程標準 考試說明與檢測,一、明確復習進度 二、專項講解，知識系統(tǒng)化 三、模擬做題，查漏補缺,一、建立復習進度表,截止5月上旬，根據(jù)考試說明“地毯式”記憶重點詞匯及其派生詞；加強口語專項練習，追求簡潔無誤； 5月下旬，專項強化訓練，積累自己的錯題集，通過反復溫習達到事半功倍效果； 6月，套題實戰(zhàn)演練，通過查漏補缺有針對性地專攻薄弱項。,第二輪分類復習階段： 1. 二周語法、句型、寫作訓練。 2. 二周完成完型填空、閱讀理解、詞語運用訓練

2、。 3.一周完成聽力、補全對話訓練。 第三輪綜合模擬練習和應試技巧階段： 二周完成模擬考試、試題講解、適應性練習、查漏補缺。 2天休息，穩(wěn)定心態(tài)、放松心情、準備中招！,重點是錯題集和作文,二、專項復習,冠詞 The的用法,08-12河南中考對冠詞的考查,2008.How do you like your holiday in Mount Yuntai?We enjoyed it very much._sight is very beautiful. A.A B.An C.The D./ 2010.一Shall we pay visit to Expo 2010，Shanghai? 一No，Id

3、 rather stay at home and play football A a; the B the；a C不填，the D a，不填 2011.What do you want to be in the future，Nick? I want to be_ pilot. It is_ exciting job. A. a；a B. a；an C. the；an D. a；the 2012.Would you like _red dress as a birthday present , Mary? Sorry, mom. I prefer _ orange one. A. an; an

4、 B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an,主要考察冠詞的基本用法：1）定冠詞用來特指，用在公共場所名詞前，還有某些習慣用法和常用短語中，如：play the guitar, in the morning等；2）不定冠詞的基本用法，即表示“一個”，還有a和an的區(qū)別，以及一些習慣用法和固定短語中，如：pay a visit to, take a shower等；零冠詞常用情況，如：by bike, play soccer等。,不定冠詞,英文字母前用a還是用an的問題 在26個英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12個字母的讀音是以元音開頭

5、的,其余字母則是以輔音開頭的.,用于專有名詞前,Many young people want to be a Bill Gates. 許多年輕人都想成為比爾.蓋茨式的人物。,用于不可數(shù)名詞前,不可數(shù)名詞如education, history等在表述其某一部分或某一方面的內(nèi)容、概念時，前面常加不定冠詞。 Chinese is an Asia country with a long history. 中國是一個有著悠久歷史的亞洲國家。 She has a good knowledge of English.,名詞,1. 名詞詞義辨析 近幾年中考，結(jié)合同義詞、近義詞詞義的差別以及語境和生活常識對名詞

6、進行考查的試題逐漸增多。解答此類試題不僅要掌握不同的名詞所表示的具體含義，而且要能辨析它們之間的一些差異。,2. 名詞固定短語搭配法 名詞的固定搭配是中考英語中考查的一個重要方面，所以牢牢掌握一些固定的短語，對于解答試題很重要。 It was very hard for me to make a _, but I decided to leave my job. A. suggestion B. decision B. plan D. speech,河南中考對名詞的考查,2008.When I hurriedly got to the airport; the lady at the wind

7、ow told me that there were no_left on that plane. A.placesB.seatsC.spaceD.room 2009.I like _ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles 2010. It was very hard for me to make abut I decided to leave my job A suggestion B decision C plan D speech

8、2011. I have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some_? A. advice B. decisions C. information D. messages 2012. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _. A. knowledge B. energy C. change D. Courage,主要考查大綱上要求掌握的名詞的含義，以及單復數(shù)變化，區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，和常見的搭配，如：make

9、suggestions, give advice, make a decision等等。,小結(jié)：,可數(shù)名詞及其單復數(shù) 不可數(shù)名詞 專有名詞 名詞所有格,代詞,代詞的用法是中考的重點，代詞多而雜，代詞詞義易混，所以準確記住代詞的詞義很有必要。 人稱代詞 物主代詞 反身代詞 指示代詞 不定代詞（some, any, no，不止這3個） 疑問代詞,河南中考對代詞的考查,2008.What a nice MP5! Whose is it? Its _ . My father bought it for me. A. me B. him C. his D. mine 2009.I saw Tony at

10、 the party.But he didnt speak to me_evening.Maybe he didnt see you. A.all B.every C.either D.another 2010 To help Tommy learn better, his parents have done _they could：cards,tapes，special learning centers，in short, everything they can think of A both B all C none D neither 2011.Will you take part in

11、 the English speech competition tomorrow? Sure. I see as a chance to prove_. A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you 2012. How was your trip in Chengdu? Not so good. I stayed there for two days. But it rained on _of the days. A. none B. neither C. both D. all,主要考查人稱代詞的五種不同形式的用法，以及不定代詞的用法，尤其是all，both，neit

12、her，none。,上下文語境暗示法,中考試題考查的是代詞在具體語境中的靈活運用，這樣的題目需分析具體的語境才能選出正確答案，忌死扣語法。 Are you _ from Korea? _ No, none of us. A. both B. all C. any D. either 由答句中的none可知此處指“三者或三者以上”，再結(jié)合句意可知B.,形容詞,1. 形容詞的比較級 2. 形容詞的位置（表語形容詞、修飾不定代詞） 3. 形容詞與介詞的搭配 4. 形容詞詞義辨析,副詞,比較級和最高級,數(shù)詞,基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞,介詞和介詞短語,河南中考對介詞的考查,2008.We will never f

13、orget what happened_the afternoon of May 12,2008. A.in B.by C.at D.on 2009.When is Henrys birthday party, Lynn? The 18th , _ about there oclock in the afternoon. A. in B. at C. on D. to 2010. If you try to sit on two chairs，you will fall them For life，you must choose one chair A between B under C am

14、ong D into 2011. Mr Hu, can you tell us how to learn math well? Sure. But remember nothing can be learned _ hard work A. by B. at C. without D. for 2012. I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in _ the window. Its dangerous to do that. A. in B. through C. over D. to,主要考查常用介詞的基本含義和用法，如：in

15、, on, at, from, for, of, about, with, without, through, over, across, near, between 等等；尤其是in, on, at用在不同的時間名詞前。,連詞,河南中考對連詞的考查,2008.Your dream wont come true_you know what your dream is. A.afterB.unlessC.whileD.since 2009. Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers _ people get off

16、 the bus. A. after B. since C. until D. when 2010 its difficult to make her dream come true，she never gives up A Though B Unless C Because D If 2011. You wont feel happy at school _ you get on well with your classmates. A. though B. when C. unless D. because 2012. We should give the boy another chan

17、ce _he has made some mistakes. A. though B. when C. unless D. because,主要考查從屬連詞引導不同的狀語從句，尤其是though, unless, when。,動詞,vt 感謝人：thank you, its nice of you;等等。,2009.You have seen the film The Dead Reading, havent you? _ . How I wish to see it ! A. No, what a pity B. No, I havent C. Yes, I like it D. Yes,

18、its boring 2011. _fine day it is! Lets go and fly a kite. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 2012._out your love. The world will become a nicer place to live in. A: Speak B: To speak C: Speaks D: Speaking,河南中考單項選擇的命題特點,基礎(chǔ)語法以單詞、詞組辨義為主。 語言交際性、真實性、實用性 寓情感教育于試題之中，注重試題內(nèi)容學生的情感交流。 緊跟時代脈搏 考查中越來越淡化純語法的考查，而更注重

19、語言的運用能力，即語法的考查要放在語境中。,復習建議,讀透標準和說明，使教學有根基、有底氣。 靈活使用教材并根據(jù)教學實際整合教材，使教學內(nèi)容常教常新。 注重基礎(chǔ)，避免復習中無謂地拔高要求。 避免題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)，平時練習杜絕偏難怪，可把時間用在強化記單詞和句子，把語法滲透在句子中掌握。,完形填空 10分,完形填空的設(shè)題特點,The following morning,Mr Smith again 39 a jade stone in the yong mans hand and told him to hold it.On the third,fourh,and 40 day,Mr Smith did

20、 the same thing and repeated his 41 .On the sixth day,the young man held the jade stone, 42 he could no longer stand the silence.”When am I going to learn something?” asked the young man. ( )39.A.placed B.took C.gave D.sent ( )40.A. third B.fourth C.fifth D.sixth ( )41.A. instrustions B.suggestions

21、C.promise D.decisions ( )42.A. and B.but C.or D.so,1.主要考查學生在篇章整體理解的基礎(chǔ)上綜合運用語言的能力。 2. 考查點絕大多數(shù)為實詞的詞義辨析，把所有的詞串起來基本可以復現(xiàn)整個篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡。 3.避免出成單一的語法題。學生答題需顧及文本的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系才能選出正確選項。 4.文章一般第一句不設(shè)空，留有窗口，以便給考生提供一個語境。,復習建議,完型填空答題技巧：三步法 通讀全文，把握大意； 先易后難，各個擊破； 復讀全文，驗證答案。,1. 每天課前一篇完形填空題，集中訓練3到4周，從中考試題中選題，專門訓練完形填

22、空。 2. 指導學生用“三步法”做完形填空題。 3. 當堂訓練要當堂解決問題，并統(tǒng)計滿分人數(shù)，以鼓勵學生。,閱讀理解 40分,河南中考閱讀理解,事實細節(jié)題的解題方法,事實細節(jié)型常見提問形式 1. Which of the following is TRUE ( Not True) according to the information in the passage? 2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? 3. The author mentions all the following except _. 4. 以when

23、, where, who, what, how, why, how many/much等詞引導的疑問句,解題方法：明確題意； 尋找答案來源； 找準關(guān)鍵詞；反復閱讀。,注意：有的題是同義表達，有的題是換位表達，有的題是看似一樣 卻偷換字眼，考查細節(jié),Jenny Sanders, a high school student in California, asks, “What good do we get from learning math? We can use computers to compute numbers, and we can use computers to store in

24、formation. I think learning math at school is a waste of time.” ( ) 52. What does Jenny Sanders think of learning math? A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Useless. D. Difficult.,猜測詞義題的解題方法,猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準確含義。其主要提問方式是： 1. The word “” in the passage probably means _. 2.In this story the under

25、lined word “” means _. 3. Here “it” means _.,如何猜測詞義： 1.根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系 2.同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系 3.定義或釋義的關(guān)系 4.同類列舉 5.根據(jù)單詞的構(gòu)詞法 6.生活常識推測,For example, imagine you are a cook and must serve dinner to 100 guests. How should you divide your resources so that you can get the job done most efficiently (高效地)? In situations lik

26、e this, the ability to think logically will get you to a reasonable answer and solve your problem. ( ) 54. What does the underlined word “resources” mean in the passage? A. 科目 B. 效率 C. 信息 D. 資源,推理題的解題方法,推理題的主要提問方式是： 1. What do you think of? 2. We does the write really mean? 3. From the story we can

27、guess _. 4. What will happy at the end of the story?,邏輯推理題的解題方法： 利用上下文所給的信息來推理； 根據(jù)常識來推理判斷； 利用排除法。,. The man was in his kindness, but he did not understand the nature rules. Before the butterfly came out of the cocoon, fluid (流體) from its body must be forced into its wings, and then it would be ready

28、 for flying. It must have a hard struggle (拼搏) to get through the small opening to get its freedom from the cocoon. ( ) 48. What do you think of the man? A. Patient but cruel. B. Careful and wise. C. Kind but unwise. D. Brave and funny.,排除法：張冠李戴不對 偷梁換柱不對 極端夸張不對 斷章取義不對,主旨大意題的解題方法,主旨大意常用題型考查學生對文章主題或中心

29、思想的領(lǐng)會和理解。提問方式有： 1. What is the best title for the passage ? 2. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? 3. What does the text mainly talk about ?,主旨大意題的解題方法技巧： 1. 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析) 2. 標題或主題句必須涵蓋全文，言簡意賅，吸引讀者。 3. 讀完文章之后你大腦中留下印象最深刻的“什么人、什么事、怎么樣、” 往往就是主題。 4. 標準：涵蓋全文，言簡意

30、賅。以偏概全、太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實、句子冗長、無中生有的都不對。,詞語運用 10分,詞語運用是2008年以來河南中考新題型，考查詞匯的 意義延伸和詞形變化。注重考查詞或詞組在具體語言 環(huán)境當中的運用能力。考查以實詞為主，各類詞分布 均衡；試題注重基礎(chǔ)，難度較低，考查詞匯主要是常用 高頻詞，不會出現(xiàn)偏難怪。,學習目標： 1.通過詞性分類練習，能總結(jié)出常見的詞形變化及詞性轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)則，并能進一步樹立詞性意識。(知識目標) 2.能夠運用總結(jié)出的規(guī)則在語境中進行詞形變化和詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，提高用詞的準確率。(技能目標) 3.通過獨立完成練習，能夠概括出詞語運用的具體策略，提高在語境中靈活用詞的能力。(體驗性目標),詞

31、語運用專項練習,Word Using -Rules and Tips,動詞 v. 1.My brother very hard every day . (study ) 2.Look ! Sam TV happily on the sofa.(watch) 3.I to school late yesterday .(get) 4.She us since 2 years ago. (teach) 5.The light bulb by Edison.(invent),studies,got,has taught,謂語動詞,is watching,Sum up the rules,yester

32、day,brother,every day,Look,since,ago,was invented,1.I often tell my students homework carefully. (do) 2. Tom gets up early (catch) the first bus on weekdays. 3. Why not consider (go) to Paris for vacation?,非謂語動詞,to do,to catch,going,consider,名詞 n. 1.He has 3 daughters, one of the went board and the

33、name is Betty. (girl) 2.Swimming in the deep river is very _ for children. (danger),luck-lucky; noise-noisy ; health-healthy; wind-windy east -eastern,girls,girls,dangerous,one of,形容詞（adj.） Grace is at writing, she does in novels and she has finished 3 so far. I think her second novel is much than t

34、he first one, and her latest novel is the of all the three. (good),good,better,best,副詞(adv.),1.You must ride the bike next time, or you will get hurt again. (careful) 2.Its raining , I can see whats happening outside. (hard),carefully,well,hard,hardly,ride,than,all the three,代詞：pron . 1.Tom is a car

35、eless boy, yesterday he cut his hand . mother told that he had better be careful the next time. (he)2.This is my book, so that one must be .(she),數(shù)詞：num. 1.February is the month of the year. (two) 2. of trees were planted in our school last year. (hundred),himself,His,him,hers,second,Hundreds,介詞 pre

36、p. 連詞 conj. 1.Look at the map China and find where Zhengzhou is. 2. I havent seen my best friend a long time. 3. He always listens to the music he is driving.,of,while/as when,for,map China,He always listens to the music,he is driving.,你能總結(jié)出不同詞性常見的變化形式嗎？,動詞 v： 名詞 n: 形容詞 adj： 副 詞 adv： 代詞 pron： 數(shù)詞num：

37、 介詞prep 連詞conj：,單復數(shù)，所有格s (s),單三，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去式，過去分詞,比較級，最高級,主格，賓格，形容詞性物主代詞，名詞性物主代詞，反身代詞,基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞、固定短語,無變化,er, or, ion ing,y,ly,常用詞匯變化口訣： 空前空后要注意，“名詞”單復要牢記，還有s 不能棄，“動詞”注意要變形，常見變化有四種，“形副”注意用三級，要填“數(shù)詞”請留意，千萬別忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹記，介詞、連詞最省力，看見照抄就可以。,Self-assessment(自我評估): （ ）要注意，“名詞” （ ）要牢記，還有（ ）不能棄，“動詞”注意

38、要變形，常見變化有（ ）種，“形副”注意用（ ），要填“數(shù)詞”請留意，千萬別忘（ ），填入“代詞”需慎重，（ ）格變化要謹記，介詞、連詞最省力，看見（ ）就可以。,空前空后,單復,s,四,三級,基和序,五,照抄,n：,v:,adj:,pron:,num:,conj& prep:,minute year,receive waste,helpful early,I,three,when if from but,adv:,early,receive minute when helpful early if I from waste three year but,66.helpful 67.from

39、68.wasting 69.earlier 70.if 71.received 72.my 73.but 74.years 75.third,I should pay more attention to:,Find out your errors:,1.觀察詞匯，,3.閱讀文本，,4.瀏覽全文，,通詞意，分詞性。,選單詞，變詞形。,多檢查，再核對。,2.瀏覽文本，,通大意，知寓意。,Steps：,Aims：,1.rich plained 3.second 4.his 5.became 6.understand 7.for 8.harder 9.but 10.assistants,Partner

40、-assessment(同伴評估)： 1.What do you think your partner did well? 2.What do you think your partner could do better?,There was once a man who was the boss of the building company. One day, a boy in old clothes ran to ask him, “how can I become as 1. as you when I grow up?” “Here is a story about two work

41、ers. The first worker liked holding his spade(鐵鍬) without doing anything but he 2. about the long hours of work and his low pay all the time. The 3. worker worked hard without saying anything. Several years later, the first worker was still holding 4. spade but the other worker 5. the boss of the bu

42、ilding company.,rich,complained,second,his,became,Do you understand what the story tells you? Just go to buy a red shirt and work hard.” the boss replied. “Im sorry, sir! I dont 6. what you said.” the little boy said. “Look at the sunburned man in red among those workers who are working. I have noti

43、ced him 7. a long time. He always works 8. than the others, the first one to work every day 9. the last one to leave. Now I am about to ask him to be one of my 10. and I believe he will work much harder than ever.,understand,for,harder,but,assistants,補全對話 10分,1. 補全對話的范圍以生活中常用的日常會話為主要內(nèi)容，話題包括： 打電話、看病、

44、問路、借物、購物、打招呼、談論天氣、日期，談論喜惡、祝愿和祝賀、預約等等20多個話題。 2. 補全對話有一種趨勢：把兩種或更多的話題柔和一起，更貼近生活、更實用。,河南中考補全對話,補全對話答題技巧,解題技巧：分為三步： 一、 通讀全文，注意空前、空后的的問題和答語，弄懂對話的話題和雙方的話題內(nèi)容。 二、 以話題內(nèi)容為線索，以空前、后的標點符號為根據(jù)，各個擊破。若空前為問號，就考慮如何回答；若空處為問號，就根據(jù)下文的答語推測如何問；注意上下文的人稱和謂語動詞的時態(tài)。 三、 復查修改，聯(lián)系整篇，力求上下文通順,復習建議,平時利用課本讓學生多練用what, when, who, whose, wh

45、y, how, where對內(nèi)容提問。 繼續(xù)讓學生練習句型轉(zhuǎn)換，尤其是用what、when等疑問詞對劃線部分提問。 讓學生牢記中考涉及到的有關(guān)購物、問路等30多個話題的基本功能語言。 可連續(xù)兩周每周三次進行訓練，注意情景題和功能題以及不同話題之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，培養(yǎng)答題技巧。,書面表達 10分,新目標書面表達的五級要求 1）能根據(jù)寫作要求，收集、準備素材； 2）能獨立起草簡短書信等，并在教師的指導下進行修改； 3）能使用常見的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)系； 4）能簡單描述人物或事件； 5）能根據(jù)所給圖示或表格寫出簡單的段落或操 作說明。,2008-2012河南中考書面表達,2013作文,每個人都是獨一無二

46、的，都有與眾不同之處，人們喜歡你一定會有很多原因。請以“what makes me a good friend？”為題目寫一篇英語短文。 要求：1.語言表達準確，短文連貫通順 2.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱 3.80詞左右,范文：,what makes me a good friend？I am a boy easy to get along with. I never get angry easily. Thats the most important reason that makes me so popular. Im always ready to help others. Whe

47、never my friends meet with troubles, I will give them a hand without even a moments thought. Besides, Im quite humorous. I can always tell some jokes or funny stories to make my friends laugh. They say time spent with me is full of fun. Im honest. I never tell lies. So Im a friend worth trusting.,20

48、14作文,你身邊的每個人對你來說都具有特殊的意義。請以“My special_”為題用英語寫一篇短文，描述你家庭的某個成員或你的朋友、老師、同學等。 要求： 1.在題目空格處填入你要描述的對象， 如grandma, teacher 或friend等； 2. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.80詞左右。 My special_,范文：,My grandma is special to me because were like friends. She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble. There are no secrets between us. When I am with my grandma, we spend a lot of happy time together. I know my grandma is very smart because she seems to know everything. My grandma is good at many things. One thing shes best at is cook