知行英語綜合教程2Unit8

1、,1) hybrid (混合動力的) A paper 2) organic B bottles 3) solar C cars 4) recyclable D food 5) unbleached (未漂白的) E energy,Task 1,Answer the questions by matching the following items.,1 What are eco-friendly products?,1) paper A bags 2) plastic B cups 3) disposable (一次性的) C tissue (紙巾) 4) fossil (礦物) D chem

2、icals 5) toxic (有毒的) E fuels,Task 1,2 What are not environmentally friendly?,Task 2,Work in pairs. Look at the following layout of a supermarket. Discuss with your partner in which section you will find the following products or service.,1 shrimps influence 控制，支配；影響 e.g. the passion for power and su

3、ccess which rules her life 支配著她的生活的對權(quán)力和成功的渴望 e.g. Happy people dont let desires rule them.,rule,Language Points,分解；打破 e.g. Bacteria are added to help break down the sewage.,break down,Phrases 同.一樣 e.g. The price is twiceasmuchasthat of ten years ago.,以為基礎(chǔ) e.g. Their relationship was based on mutual

4、respect.,base on,就本質(zhì)而言 e.g. Wolves are cruel by nature.,by its very nature,源自；源于 e.g. The enzyme is derived from human blood.,derive from,Language Points,與非常相關(guān),have everything to do with sth.,Phrases 觀點，著眼點 e.g. I respect your point of view, but Im not sure I agree with you.,point of view,(對事件或發(fā)生的情況

5、)需承擔(dān)責(zé)任的，負(fù)有過失的 e.g. The airline is legally responsible for the safety of its passengers.,responsible for,set up,設(shè)立，搭建 e.g. They set up the statue in the square.,Background information,check-out stand,收銀臺,結(jié)賬臺 它是商場超市必不可少的配套設(shè)施。因為其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，占地面積小，所以被越來越多的商家所喜愛。收銀臺除了收銀結(jié)賬這一主要用途外，還可以陳列一些商品吸引顧客的視線，從而大大提高商品售賣的幾率。,

6、Background information,禮物包裝用品（如花紙和綢帶）。用各種各樣漂亮的包裝紙或包裝盒包裝禮物，再系上緞帶或者蝴蝶結(jié)。這個習(xí)俗始于西方，這些年也逐漸深入人心，很多中國人送禮時候也會去專業(yè)的禮品店為禮品包裝，或者買包裝紙自己包裝。Gift wrapping 也是一個送禮人花心思表達(dá)情意的重要環(huán)節(jié)。,gift wrap,Background information,紙漿是以植物纖維為原料，經(jīng)不同加工方法制得的纖維狀物質(zhì)?？筛鶕?jù)加工方法分為機(jī)械紙漿、化學(xué)紙漿和化學(xué)機(jī)械紙漿；也可根據(jù)所用纖維原料分為木漿、草漿、麻漿、葦漿、蔗漿、竹漿等。,Paper pulp,Background

7、information,Crude oil,原油即石油，也稱黑色金子，是一種粘稠的、深褐色（有時有點綠色的）液體。是石油剛開采出來未經(jīng)提煉或加工的物質(zhì)。石油主要被用來作為燃油和汽油，石油也是許多化學(xué)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品, 如溶劑、化肥、殺蟲劑和塑料等的原料。,Background information,Freezer bag,冰箱保鮮袋 它是在傳統(tǒng)的保鮮塑料袋上增加了一個拉鏈。使用時可以先將袋子擠壓一下，排出袋內(nèi)大部分的空氣，然后再拉上拉鏈。有了冰箱保鮮袋，人們在冰箱內(nèi)存儲食物更加安全便捷。,Doing It,Task 1,Whats environmental consciousness / awar

8、eness in your own words?, 1 I turn off taps in time. 2 If it is not too cold or hot, I put on more clothes or open windows instead of turning on air-conditioning. 3 I go to places on foot or by bicycle instead of driving if conditions permit. 4 I prefer double-sided printing. 5 Instead of throwing t

9、hem away, I save and give away my old clothes, used textbooks, etc. to people who are in need. 6 I recycle used paper, bottles, cans, etc. 7 I take my own cloth bags when shopping instead of using plastic bags.,Task 2,Tips,In the sentence, “So if neither paper nor plastic is completely safe environm

10、entally, which is the best choice?” The structure “neither nor” is used to join two negative ideas. It is the opposite of “both and”. Sometimes more than two ideas are connected by “neither nor”.,1 Both his father and his mother were at home.,2 The film was both well made and well acted.,3 I like bo

11、th classical music and pop music.,4 I found the talk both interesting and meaningful.,Neither his father nor his mother was at home.,The film was neither well made nor well acted.,I like neither classical music nor hip-hop.,I found the talk neither interesting nor meaningful.,This is neither your fa

12、ult nor mine.,Neither he nor I am an environmentalist.,Neither has he heard from her yet nor will he hear from her in the near future.,1 This is not your fault, and not my fault.,2 He is not an environmentalist, and I am not an environmentalist, either.,3 He has not heard from her yet, and he will n

13、ot hear from her in the near future.,4 This grocery store does not accept checks (支票) and credit cards (信用卡), but takes cash (現(xiàn)金) only.,Neither check nor credit card does this grocery store accept, but it takes cash only.,I like the Voice of China (a Chinese reality talent show), but I like neither

14、Harlem nor A-Mei, the two judges. I had been to many big cities in the U.S., especially the East and the West coasts, but I had been to neither Boston nor San Diego.,Task 3,Tips,We form the passive voice by: Putting the object in front of the verb; Changing the main verb into its past participle for

15、m; Adding the verb “to be” in the same tense as that of the original verb.,Local people 1) _ (bring) their old newspapers to a special place where papers 2) _ (collect) each week in large trucks. The trucks 3) _ (deliver) the papers to a paper mill where they 4) _ (sort) and 5) _ (grade). After this

16、, the paper 6) _ (made) into a pulp and some of the waste such as plastic and glass 7) _ (remove). Next the paper fibers (纖維) 8) _ (clean). During the next stage the pulp 9) _ (filter 過濾) and 10) _ (screen 篩) to make it more suitable for papermaking. The pulp is then ready to be made into paper.,bri

17、ng,are collected,deliver,is sorted,graded,is made,are removed,are cleaned,is filtered,screened,It depends. If I am reading for through comprehension of a passage, I will skip the new word as long as it does not hinder my understanding. If I have difficulties to continue my reading, I will consult a

18、dictionary. The word will thus be taken down on my notebook if I am aware that it will be encountered in my future reading. The pronunciation, the meanings and the example sentences will be all noted for I may try to review it and remember it after the reading. Id be thrilled if a newly learned word

19、 appears in my reading in the near future.,Writing It,Task 1,The example is taken from the text. Please identify the two expressions containing “have to do with” and tell the difference. Then translate the passage below into Chinese.,EXAMPLE:,This change has little to do with environmental issues an

20、d everything to do with convenience and efficiency.,Liu Ying won the scholarship. It had little to do with her being the president of the Student Union, but everything to do with her great performance in her studies.,這種變化只是/ 全都是人們?yōu)榱朔奖愫托?，而與環(huán)境問題關(guān)系不大。,Task 2,Apart from “l(fā)ittle” and “everything”, what

21、are the other words that can be inserted into the expression “have to do with”?, ,have nothing to do with 沒關(guān)系 have little to do with 幾乎沒什么關(guān)系 have something to do with 有一點關(guān)系 have everything to do with 大有關(guān)系,Task 3,According to the following prompts, make sentences using the structure “have to do with”

22、.,Some people think that good health has everything to do with good nutrition. However, some people argue that good mood and physical exercises matter most to health.,Her sleeplessness has little to do with tea or coffee, but everything to do with the heavy pressure from work.,Their divorce has some

23、thing to do with the failed communication, according to Sarah.,1 good nutrition, good health,2 sleeplessness, pressure/ worries,3 divorce, failed communication,4 global warming, greenhouse effect,Most scientists believe that global warming has everything to do with green house effect, although some

24、scientists hold different opinions.,5 environmental awareness, education,Ones environmental awareness must have something to do with his or her education.,Task 4,The Green Club of your university is planning to launch a “Say No to Plastic Bags” campaign on campus. As a member of the Club, you will w

25、rite a letter of about 100 words to persuade your fellow students into believing that it is very important for college students to participate in this kind of activities. Apply “have to do with” in your writing when necessary. The following words, expressions and sentence structures are for your ref

26、erence.,package; conscious; envelope; grocery; preference; efficiency; convenience; deforestation; crude; concern have little to do with sth.; have everything to do with sth.; from a business point of view; not necessarily; add to; derive from; by its very nature; break down; result in It indicates

27、that. It depends on how. It is a matter of debate that.,W not a TV in every room. And the TV had a small screen the size of a handkerchief. Remember them? Not a screen the size of the State of Montana.,We drank from a water fountain when we were thirsty instead of using a throw-away cup or plastic b

28、ottle every time we had a drink of water. We refilled writing pens with ink instead of buying a new pen, and we replaced the razor blades in a razor instead of throwing away the whole razor just because the blade got dull.,fountain n. 噴泉,razor n. 刮胡刀,blade n. 刀片,dull a. 鈍的,但是那個年輕的女收銀員說得對。我們那一代是沒有綠色生

29、活或者環(huán)保這個說法。,那個時候，我們在家里只有一臺電視機(jī)，或者一臺收音機(jī)，而不是每個房間都有電視機(jī)的。那時候的電視機(jī)就像一塊手帕那么大，還記得嗎？可不像現(xiàn)在，一臺電視機(jī)大得像蒙大拿州了。,我們渴了就去自來水噴水口喝水，而不是每次喝水都要用一個一次性紙杯或者塑料瓶。 我們鋼筆水用完了就去吸水，而不是買一支新鋼筆；我們刀片用鈍了換刀片，而不是換一只新的剃須刀。,But we didnt have the “green thing” back then.,But we didnt have the “green thing” back then.,Back then people took a bu

30、s and kids rode their bikes to school or walked instead of turning their moms into a 24-hour taxi service. We had one electrical outlet in a room, not an entire bank of sockets to power a dozen appliances. And we didnt need a computerized gadget to receive a signal from satellites 2,000 miles out in

31、 space in order to find the nearest pizza joint.,Isnt it sad that the current generation complains how wasteful the old folks were just because “they didnt have the green thing back then”?,outlet n. 電源插座,socket n. 插座；插口,appliance n. 器具,computerized a. 計算機(jī)的；使用計算機(jī)的,gadget n. 小玩意；小配件；小裝置,signal n. 信號,s

32、atellite n. 衛(wèi)星,pizza joint 比薩餅店,current a. 當(dāng)代的,我們那一代是沒有綠色生活或者環(huán)保這個說法。,我們那一代是沒有綠色生活或者環(huán)保這個說法。,那時候人們乘公共汽車，孩子們騎自行車或者步行去上學(xué)，而不是把媽媽們變成24小時待命的出租車司機(jī)。我們那時候一個房間只有一個電源插座，而不是像現(xiàn)在這樣一排插座給一打電器使用。我們那時候不需要一個電腦控制的玩意兒去接收兩千英里以外的太空中的衛(wèi)星發(fā)射的信號，僅僅是為了找到一個離我們最近的廉價比薩店。,但是，僅僅因為“他們那一代是沒有綠色生活或者環(huán)保這個說法”，今天的人們就抱怨老一代人是多么浪費，是不是很可悲呢？,Task

33、 1,The following is a list of both “green things” and “non-green things”. Tick () the green things based on your understanding of the text.,Read the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).,1 The elderly lady at the store admitted that her generation didnt have the

34、 awareness of saving the environment. 2 People nowadays dry their clothes in electrical machines because wind and solar energy machines havent been invented yet. 3 By saying “And the TV had a small screen the size of a handkerchief Not a screen the size of the State of Montana,” the writer means tha

35、t TV screens nowadays are too big. 4 Moms are round-the-clock available nowadays to drive their children to school, just like taxi drivers. 5 The writer suggests that readers should make full use of the computer and satellite technologies. 6 The tone of this passage is humorous and ironic.,Task 2,T,

36、F,T,T,F,T,Listening,Listen to the conversation twice and answer the following questions.,Script,1 How many single-use plastic bags were handed out in this country the year before? 2 What caused the damage of grass and the sea? What do people usually use plastic bags for?,6.1 billion.,Our throwing-aw

37、ay living.,Shopping in super-markets.,Good evening and welcome to Mastermind. Your specialist subject is plastic bags and you have one minute, starting now. Q: How many single-use plastic bags were handed out in this country last year compared with the year before？ A: 6.4 billion, 333 million more t

38、han the year before. Q: Correct. Then what happens to the discarded bags？,A: Thats a very easy question. The answer is staring us in the face. I can confidently predict that you wont get far before you find some of them. If its been windy there may be one caught up in the branches of a tree or stuck

39、 in a bush. You will see them blowing across the grass of your local park. The sea is now like a trash can and the plastic is there for ever. All this damage is simply caused by our throwaway living. Q: Then who do you think should be responsible for it？ A: Its our fault. Assume that youre one of th

40、e vast majorities who shop in a super-market and carry their food,Next,Back to Task,1,2,home in their bags. Q: Why didnt the supermarkets themselves charge more for the plastic bags？ A: They had looked into it very carefully and thought that their customers wouldnt like it. Q: When did supermarkets

41、stop giving away single-use plastic bags？ A: 2011 Q: Correct. Who made it happen？ A: We did. A: Correct.,Back to Task,Previous,1,2,There are places where you can easily find discarded plastic bags. Listen to the conversation again and tick () the places mentioned in it.,Script,1 ones face 2 branches

42、 of a tree 3 bushes 4 grass 5 park the sea,“Paper or plastic?” should be 1) _ with “Do you have your reusable shopping bag with you?”. The 2) _ we now face is to replace the 3) _ economy with a “reduce”, “reuse”, and “recycle” economy. Our earth can no longer 4) _ the pollution, the energy use, the

43、disruption from mining, and the deforestation that our throwaway economy 5) _. Its easy to forget how many throwaway products there are until we actually begin making a list.,Script,Listen to the passage twice and fill in the blanks with what you hear.,replaced,challenge,throwaway,tolerate,requires,

44、“Paper or plastic？” should be replaced with, “Do you have your reusable shopping bag with you？ The challenge we now face is to replace the throwaway economy with a “reduce”, “reuse”, and “recycle” economy. Our earth can no longer tolerate the pollution, the energy use, the disruption from mining, an

45、d the deforestation that our throwaway economy requires. It is easy to forget how many throwaway products there are until we actually begin making a list.,Speaking,People always have better options to lead a “greener” life. Tell your partner five things you can do in your daily life that can help wi

46、th environmental protection. Explain your reasons.,Task 1,EXAMPLE:,You can choose to receive your bank statement via e-mail instead of post mail. You can choose to take bus and subway instead of driving your own car. You can choose to take the left-over back home rather than waste it. You can choose

47、 a shower rather than a bathtub.,Use “prefer sth. to sth.” and “would/d rather” structures to restate the ideas you came up with in Task 1.,Task 2,Stating preferences: 1) Prefer means you like one thing more than another. e.g. : I prefer cooking by myself to eating out. I prefer reading news on the

48、Internet to buying newspapers. 2) Would rather means the same as I prefer with a different sentence pattern. Pay attention to the pattern: would rather do sth. than do sth. e.g. : I would rather see the animals by reading books than going to a zoo. Id rather fail than cheat in the exam.,Tips,I prefe

49、r using paper bags to plastic bags. Id rather receive electronic bank statement than conventional bank statement in paper.,Writing,EXAMPLE:,MEMO (Formal) To: Katherine Chu, Regional Manager From: Stephen Yu, Sales Date: 28 February, 2013 Subject: Notification of My Resignation,Im writing to inform y

50、ou of my intention to resign from G Not necessary to include a salutation such as “Dear Mr.” or a complimentary close such as “Sincerely”; unnecessary to be signed, but sometimes having the senders name at the bottom to be more friendly, or the senders full name to be more formal; The body of a memo

51、 can be short or long, simple or complex, depending on the situation; The style for memos can range from very formal to informal, depending on the subject, audience and purpose.,Tips,Room 312 in Yifu Hall will not be available this Thursday afternoon, May 30th. Our regular meeting is therefore being

52、 transferred to the common room of the Art Gallery. I am sorry for the inconvenience it may have caused, and see you there at 3:00 p.m. as usual.,Cross-cultural Communication,Vegetarianism (素食主義) is the practice of not eating any kind of meatred meat, chicken, seafood and the flesh of any other anim

53、als, or products made from animal meat. There are various vegetarian diets. For example, some vegetarians exclude eggs, while others do not eat dairy products. A strict vegetarian excludes all animal products, even eggs, dairy, and honey.,People go and stay vegetarian for different reasons. The most

54、 common reason of the growing trend of vegetarianism is that a balanced vegetarian diet is believed to be good for health. It is estimated that in the US, one million people turn vegetarian every year. Some people say a vegetarian diet can benefit the animals. Take the UK as an example. Around two m

55、illion land animals are killed every day to provide flesh for people, which is deemed a large massacre by animal rights groups. Some other people choose a vegetarian diet because they prefer a more environmentally- friendly lifestyle. The livestock industry (畜牧業(yè)) consumes huge amounts of land, water

56、 and fuels, and accounts for 18% of the worlds greenhouse gas emission and other pollution.,Going and Staying Vegetarian,Related Knowledge,In China, because Buddhist (佛教) practices require a vegetarian diet due to the belief in “nonkilling”, vegetarianism is therefore not new to Chinese. However, fr

57、om time to time people hear foreigners complaining about their difficulties in finding vegetarian restaurants in China. It seems that on the way to “going vegetarian”, Chinese fall behind people in the Western countries. More interestingly, many teenagers in,Western countries go for vegetarian diet

58、simply because of peer pressurevegetarian diet has become fashionable on campus. How can one beat it?,The motivations for vegetarianism can be health, political, environmental, cultural, or economic. Whatever the reason is, will you ever consider a meat-free lifestyle?,A Chinese college student Liu

59、Ying has read some articles lately on environmental protection. She learned from a 2006 study, examining the impact of a typical weeks eating, that plant-based diets are better for the environment than those based on meat. All non-vegetarian diets require significantly greater amounts of environmental resources, such as land and