必修三module4 語法不定式.ppt

1、,Module 4,Sandstorms in Asia,Module 4 Grammar Infinitive 1.不定式的用法 2.不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài),1. To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student. 2. It is good manners to help people in trouble.,1. 作主語,Your job is to wash dishes. All I did was (to) give him some advice.,2. 作表語,當作表語的不定式解釋主語中do的意義時，to

2、可以省略。,She promised to give him a chance.,3. 作賓語,agree, demand, ask, decide, expect, hope, want, offer, plan, pretend, promise, afford, prepare, refuse, manage, fail, dare, fear, swear等動詞后面均可直接跟不定式作賓語。,少數介詞后面可跟不定式作賓語 1.It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 2.They didnt open their mouths except

3、to complain.,當句子中的主動詞為do時, but, except后的動詞不定式省去to; cant but, cant choose but, cant help but, do nothing but, rather than, had better之后省略to.,He does nothing but play all day. At the news she didnt say anything but to cry. He cant choose but do it. Theres nothing to do except/but wait till it stops ra

4、ining.,4. 作賓語補足語,The teacher told his students to pay more attention to their pronunciation. I would like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.,A. ask, tell, order, command, beg, get, request, require, invite, force, permit, cause, forbid, allow, wish, want, expect, encourage, advise, per

5、suade, warn, would like等動詞可以接帶to的不定式作賓補。,B. think, consider, believe, suppose, know, feel, find, understand等動詞后常接to be + adj. 作賓補。,We all know him to be a good player.,The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (04sh) A. causingB. being C.

6、to be causedD. to have caused,C,C. 不定式作補語，可根據需要在前加 how, where, when, what等疑問詞。,Could you tell me how to repair the machine? No one told me where to find him. Please show us what to do with these sentence patterns.,D. see, hear, watch, feel, notice, let, make, have等后跟不定式作賓補時, 不加to, help后可加可不加.,I neve

7、r let my child stay in the house all day. Have him come in, please. I heard her say that shed like to go to the concert.,5. 作主語補足語,I was asked to help him with his lessons.,主語補足語就是主動語態(tài)中的賓語補足語,She was seen to go out a minute ago. He was made to give up drinking. He was heard practising singing a song

8、 this time yesterday.,6.作后置定語,She was the first girl to work out the problem. (主謂關系) He has an important meeting to attend. (動賓關系) He keeps his promise to write to us regularly. (同位關系),不定式作賓語，動詞如果不是及物動詞，后面應加必要的介詞,The ice is too thin for us to walk on. I hired a room to live in when in the US.,7. 作目的

9、狀語， to可用in order to或so as to代替（so as to 不能置于句首）。,She got off the train in Beijing to see a friend. Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference. They started very early in order not to miss the train.,8. 作結果狀語,不定式作結果狀語表示出乎意料的結果, 且不定式前常有only, never, 強調驚訝或失望。 V-ing作結果狀語強調一種必然的因果關系。,H

10、e hurried to his house, only to find it had been broken into. I stood there, never to be feeling so stupid. Her parents died, leaving her an orphan. There was a tornado yesterday, causing 100 deaths.,不定式的復合結構,1. 疑問詞+不定式 的復合結構,When to start has not been decided yet. The problem is how to persuade him

11、 to change his mind.,主語,表語,We must learn what to do in face of difficulties. I wonder if you could tell me how to get to the station.,賓語,賓語補足語,2. 帶有邏輯主語的結構,Its kind of you to lend me such a beautiful necklace. Its important for us to master a foreign language. The first thing for us to do is to clea

12、n the room.,主語,主語,定語,此結構中的形容詞說明句中行為動詞的特征,此結構中的形容詞說明邏輯主語的特征，可作邏輯主語的表語,It is + adj. + of sb. to do It is + adj. + for sb. to do,It is foolish of you to say such words. You are foolish to say such word. It is necessary for us to learn our lessons well. We are necessary to learn our lessons well.,不定式的時態(tài)

13、和語態(tài),to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,to have been doing,1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與主要謂語的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。,1. He seems to know this. 2. They invited us to go there this summer. 3. I expect to hear from you soon.,2) 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。,1. She seemed to hav

14、e heard about this matter. 2. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,3)不定式的進行式 不定式的進行式表示正在進行的與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。,1. The boy pretended to be listening when the teacher looked at him. 2. He seems to be eating something.,4)不定式的完成進行式 如果不定式表示的動作在謂語動作之前一直進行，就需要用完成進行式。,1. They are said to have been working

15、 in Tibet for 20 years.,2. We are happy to have been helping each other these days.,3. Id like to have been told the news earlier.,5)不定式的被動式當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。,The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. I had to shout to be heard.,6) 動詞不定式的否定 由not或never加不定式構成。 Try not to

16、 be late again next time. He wished us never to meet her again.,不定式近年高考題,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (1999) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (2000) A. expected B

17、. to expectC. to be expecting D. expects,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (98),to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (2003),much too heavy B. too much heavy C.heavy to

18、o much D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (1995),A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (1997),A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7.There are five pairs _

19、, but Im at a loss which to buy. (1999上海),to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,8. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001),A. To sleep B. SleepingC. Sleep D. Having sleep,9. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

20、 (2002),A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. (2003),A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in the interna

21、tional market, many state-run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002),to make B. making C. to have made D. having made,12. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (2003),A. dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,1. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! (2007全國I) A. a

22、rrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,高考鏈接,2. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007上海) A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade,高考鏈接,3. My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. (2007江蘇) A. feeling we

23、ll B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good,高考鏈接,4. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. (2007江西) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained,高考鏈接,5. the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. (20

24、07上海春) A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured D. To have ensured,高考鏈接,6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.(2007 浙江) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard,高考鏈接,7. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the w

25、orld record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (2007 遼寧) A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break,高考鏈接,Exercises,1.The will to live helps a patient _. A. to recover B. to die C. recovering D. dying 2.Life is _ short to waste. A. to B. too C. two D. twice 3.Its not good _ a man to be alone.

26、 A. to B. of C. for D. with 4.It _ the whole life to learn how to live. A. take B. took C. taken D. takes,A,B,C,D,5.What a joy _ is to swim in this big river! A. its B. its C. it D. itself 6.They havent decided _ to go. A. where B. what C. whatever D. weather 7.Mother allows him _ the TV play after

27、he has finished his homework. A. seeing B. to watch C. watch D. watching,C,A,B,8.Would you be _ to open a window? A. enough kind B. kindly enough C. enough D. kind enough 9.He tried _ but she refused _. A. to explain; to listen B. to explain; listening C. explaining; to listen D. explaining; listeni

28、ng 10. John is easy_. A. to get along B. to be got along C. to get on with D. to be got on with,D,A,C,11.They dont allow these books _ out of the reading room. A. to take B. to be taken C. to bringD. to be brought 12.Theres no choice but _ till it stops raining. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wa

29、it 13.The pickpocket was observed _ the mans wallet. A. take B. taken C. took D. to take,B,D,D,14.He is said _ abroad. A. to have been sentB. to have sent C. have been sentD. have sent 15.When the teacher passed him, he pretended _ the novel. A. not to be reading B. not to be seeing C. to be not rea

30、ding D. to be not seeing 16.Andrew was the second person _. A. to interview B. interviewing B. interview D. to be interviewed,A,A,D,17.It was _ of you to give up what you rightly owned. A. foolishly B. foolish C. impolite D. cleverly 18.I prefer _ rather than _ a long chat with him. A. to do some re

31、ading, have B. read, to have C. do some reading, to have D. to read, have 19.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to_. A. sit B. be sat C. be sat on D. sit on,B,A,D,20. Mrs. Green warns her daughter _ after drinking. A. to never drive B. never drive C. never to drive D. never driving 21.The houses _ are for the teachers and construction work will soon start. A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built,C,B,22.The missing girl was last seen _ in that shop. A. doing some sho