大學語法之虛擬語氣.ppt

1、虛擬語氣,The subjunctive mood is to express kinds of hypothetic and imaginative situations or subjective wishes.,Subjunctive Mood,用來表示一種假設的情況或主觀的愿望，是一種表示非真實情況或主觀設想的動詞形式。按照不同的時間，主、從句中的動詞形式發(fā)生變化。,1.虛擬語氣在非真實條件從句的構(gòu)成和用法 (Sentences of Unreal Condition),1. If I _ (have) the money, I _ (travel) round the world.,

2、2. If I _ (take) your advice, I _ (not make) that mistake.,3. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ stay. (had, would travel; had taken, wouldnt have made; were/should be, would stay),注：1.當條件從句含有were,had或should時，可省略if并倒裝。,1.Had I taken your advice, I wouldnt have made that mistake. 2. Were I in your pos

3、ition, I would stay.,注 2. 根據(jù)內(nèi)容的需要，從句與主句可有不一致的錯綜時間。,If it had not rained last night, the ground would not be so muddy this morning. If we had left a little earlier, we wouldnt be walking in the rain now.,例 If you had been more careful, we _ much better results now. would be gettingB. would have got C

4、. gotD. had got,(A),2. 用介詞短語取代if從句的含蓄條件中的虛擬語氣；常用的詞語有：otherwise, without, but for, but that, supposing, suppose, on condition that, in case, lest, for fear that,1.我們不知道他的電話號碼；否則我們早就給他打電話了。 We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 2. 地球上要是沒了水，植物都會消亡的。 Without water o

5、n the earth, plants would die. 沒有你，我會怎么辦? What would I have done without you?,3. 若不是起霧，我們在早之前就已到達目的地了。 But for the fog, we would have reached the destination long ago. 如果沒有你的幫助，我們的實驗室不會成功的。 But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 若不是你幫助過他，否則他早就失敗了。 But that you helped him, he

6、would have failed. 4. 假如你是一只小鳥，你就能自由了。 Suppose you were a bird, you would be free. 假如給你一個到美國學習的機會，你會接受嗎？ Supposing your were given a chance to study in America, would you accept?,5.他可以騎這輛自行車，條件是他能夠明天把它還回來。 He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 6. In case, lest, for f

7、ear that,I reminded her twice of it lest she should forget. I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb him. He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold.,注:在這些目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用should (could, might) + 動詞原形。而lest引導的從句，更常用 should + 動詞原形。,3. wish后的賓語從句 wish 后面的賓語從句常常使用

8、虛擬語氣，表示與主句謂語動詞同時存在或先于主句謂語動詞存在的與事實相反的情況或?qū)聿惶赡軐崿F(xiàn)的愿望。其句型為：,S + wish + that +S + 過去式（be 動詞用were）（同時的情況）,S + wish + that +S + had +過去分詞（先于的情況）,S + wish + that +S + would/should/could/might + 動詞原形（將來的愿望）,I wish that he werent so lazy. He wishes that he were a teacher. I wish that he had not made so much

9、fuss about it. I wish that the rain would stop.,注：在“it is wished that”句型中也要求用虛擬語氣，形式同上。,I wish you _ like that. dont take B. wont talk C. wouldnt talk D. not to talk,(C),4. If only 引起的句子 if only后的從句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，表示愿望、意為“但愿”。用“過去時或would + 動詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實相反，用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。,If only we knew where to look

10、for him! If only I had listened to my parents!,Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. FollowB. had followed C. would followD.Have followed,(B),5. “It is (about, high) time + that ”句型的虛擬語氣,在該句型中，要根據(jù)需要使用虛擬語氣，用以表示早該做而未做的事，含有建議的意味，其動詞形式通常為過去式或should + 動詞原形（should 不能省略）。,如：1. It

11、s time that she gave up her girlish mannerism. 2. It is high time that I should leave.,It is high time that we _ off. A. are B. will be C. had been D. were,(D),6.would rather, had rather, would as soon, would sooner, would prefer,等后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,該賓語從句往往省略that, 從句的主語和主句的主語不是同一個人時，該句型表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責備，從句動詞用過去式表

12、示當時或?qū)淼那闆r；用過去完成式表示過去的情況，意為“寧愿某人做某事”。,I would rather you posted the letter right away.（倒希望） I would prefer he didnt stay there too long. I would as soon you had returned the book yesterday.,Hed rather not go dancing tonight. Id rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.,7. 用在表示愿望、請求、建議、

13、命令等動詞的賓語從句的虛擬語氣。,提議：suggest, propose, recommend 主張： insist, maintain, urge 要求：ask, request, require, demand, desire 命令：order, command,主語 + suggest+ that+ 主語 + （should) + 動詞原形,We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans. A. informB. informs C. informedD. has informed,(A),2.

14、 He asked he _ an opportunity to explain his case. be givenB. gives C. is givenD. should give,(A),John Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of American poetry is his insistence that it _ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. is to be analyzed be analyzed has been analyze

15、d should have been analyzed,(B),8. 同位語從句及表語從句中的虛擬語氣,在表示建議、命令、主張、目的、愿望等名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，“should + 動詞原形”。常見的名詞有：suggestion, proposal, order, request, recommendation, requirement, idea, wish, plan, demand, decision, necessity, desire等。,1. Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be r

16、esisted.,2. His idea that we (should) take up the matter with a special board is fairly reasonable.,3. Our suggestion is that we (should) put on a play at the English evening.,9. 用在主語從句中的虛擬語氣,當虛擬語氣用在主語從句時，主句謂語的動詞主要是表示說話人的態(tài)度或愿望的詞。 常用的這類形容詞或分詞有：essential, important, natural, preferable, required, sugg

17、ested, ordered, demanded, desired, necessary, urgent, advisable, desirable, proper, obligatory, vital, compulsory, crucial, fitting, better, best, appropriate, recommended, requested 等。,It is/was + essential + that+ 主語+ (should) + 動詞原形,It is urgent that a new law should be enacted to protect childre

18、n.,It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A. not be started B. will not be started C. is not started D. is not to be started,(A),10. 以as if 和as though （好似，好像）引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句中的虛擬語氣。,用法：從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去式；如果要表示與過去事實相反，用 had + 過去分詞；當表示將來的可能性不大時，則用 would (migh

19、t, could) + 動詞原形。,I feel as if I were ten years younger. He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself I feel as if we had known each other for years. It looks as if it might rain.,My uncle always talks as though he _ a public meeting. address addressed is addressing were addressing,(D)

20、,11. Imagine等詞后句中及what if句中的虛擬語氣,imagine, what if引導的條件句，可以表示非現(xiàn)實的情況和態(tài)度，用法和wish一樣。,Imagine that we were on a desolate island now. What if you came tomorrow, instead of today?,12. 虛擬語氣用于表示祝愿的祈使句中，動詞一般要用原形或“may + 動詞原形”， 同時要注意句子的主謂倒裝。,祝你長壽！ Long may you live! 2. 愿你幸福！ May you be happy! May you have a mer

21、ry Christmas!,_ today, I would get there by Sunday. Would I leave Was I leaving Were I to leave If I leave,(C),2. Suppose you were given a chance to go abroad, _ you accept? would will shall do,(A),3. If Bob _ with us, he would have had a good time. would come would have come had come came,(C),4. If I had spoken to him yesterday, I _ what to do now. would have known should