通信與電子信息工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ).ppt

1、通信與電子信息工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ),English for Communication and Electronic Information Engineering,By yang Email：,學(xué)習(xí)本課程的目的 掌握專(zhuān)業(yè)英文的閱讀、翻譯、寫(xiě)作的基本方法； 學(xué)習(xí)、積累英文專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯； 了解專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一些技術(shù)、知識(shí)。,本課程的主要內(nèi)容 專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 精選專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的閱讀、講解及翻譯練習(xí) 專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)(摘要)的寫(xiě)作練習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)本課程的主要方式 課前預(yù)習(xí) 課堂講解重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) 課后練習(xí) 課堂練習(xí)、小測(cè),建議 準(zhǔn)備筆記本 準(zhǔn)備英漢專(zhuān)業(yè)詞典,要求 獨(dú)立完成作業(yè) 遵守課堂紀(jì)律,Lesson 0 科技英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) The B

2、asic Knowledge of Scientific and Technical English,Lesson 0 科技英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) The Basic Knowledge,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features 0.2 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯概述 Translation 0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法 Translation Methods 0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities 0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions 0.6 關(guān)于圖、表 Figures and Tables 0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文的寫(xiě)作 Writ

3、ing,科技英語(yǔ)與普通英語(yǔ)相比有自己的特點(diǎn):,常包含一些數(shù)據(jù)、公式、符號(hào)、圖表、程序等,語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、表達(dá)明確、概念清晰,語(yǔ)法上特點(diǎn)：常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)； 復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多； 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多；（“被”、“經(jīng)過(guò)”、“受了”、“由于”） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多；（動(dòng)名詞、分詞、不定式） 非人稱(chēng)語(yǔ)氣，常用It作主語(yǔ)； 條件句多，常用If 語(yǔ)句。,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,詞匯的特點(diǎn)： 大量使用專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯、轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯； 較多使用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換adjn,nv,等等； 較多使用詞綴、詞根，甚至用詞綴詞根創(chuàng)造新詞； 大量使用專(zhuān)業(yè)縮寫(xiě)詞； 新專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯、縮寫(xiě)詞不斷出現(xiàn)。,科技英語(yǔ)與普通英語(yǔ)相比有自己的特點(diǎn):,0.1 科

4、技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,code n.碼 v. 編碼 variable adj.可變的，易變的 n.變量 multiple adj.多樣的 n.倍數(shù) the least common ,合成詞： multimeter 萬(wàn)用表，interface 接口、界面 code-decode codec 編解碼 coder-decoder codec 編解碼器 modulator-demolatormodem 調(diào)制解調(diào)器 Interactive-network internet 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、因特網(wǎng) transmitter-receiver transceiver 收發(fā)器,GSM , GPRS , CD

5、MA , GPS , CPU , USB , LCD,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.1 長(zhǎng)句 Long sentences,有兩種方法簡(jiǎn)化長(zhǎng)句，以正確把握長(zhǎng)句句意,依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞簡(jiǎn)化詞組。,e.g. The ratio of the capacitance with some material other than air between the plates, to the capacitance of the same capacitor with air insulation, is called the dielectric constant of that parti

6、cular material.,ratio is called constant,依據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞把復(fù)合句分解成一組簡(jiǎn)單句。,the ratio of A to B ：A與B的比率 Insulation 絕緣，insulated ，insulating dielectric constant 介電常數(shù),0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.1 長(zhǎng)句 Long sentences,e.g. This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate，then flies back to scan another line di

7、rectly below the previous one and so on，until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence,electron beam 電子束 at a uniform rate 以均勻的速率 scan 掃描 horizontal lines 水平行線(xiàn) in the desired sequence 按希望的順序,e.g. For direct current and low-

8、frequency alternating current (up to a few thousand cycles per second) the resistance is reversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the path the current must travel; that is , given two conductors of the same material and having same length , but differing in crossing-sectional area , the

9、 one with larger area will have the lower resistance.,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.1 長(zhǎng)句 Long sentences,resistance is reversely proportional to area, that is, one will have the lower resistance.,A與B成(正/反)比例 (directly) A be (reversely) proportional to B (inversely ) (direct) A be in (reverse) proportion/r

10、atio to B (inverse) (reciprocal) They are in a ratio of 3 to 7. 它們之間比率為3比7。,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.1 長(zhǎng)句 Long sentences,e.g. These inexpensive and relatively fast digital circuits have made it possible to construct highly sophisticated digital systems that are capable of performing complex digital

11、signal processing functions and tasks, which are usually too difficult and/or too expensive to be performed by analog circuitry or analog signal processing systems.,主干：digital circuits have made it possible to construct digital systems that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾digital systems which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾functions and tasks,0

12、.1.2 詞匯 Vocabularies or words,普通詞匯 Common vocabularies,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯 Speciality vocabularies,大部分是名詞、名詞詞組，少量形容詞，詞意單一，用法簡(jiǎn)單。,0.1.2 詞匯 Vocabularies or words,專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯 Speciality vocabularies,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,electronic 電子的 mail（Email） electric 電的 voltage， current， resistance electrical 電氣的 en

13、gineer ， property,electro- 電- electromagnetic wave，electrodynamic,electrode 電極 anode 陽(yáng)極、正極 cathode 陰極、負(fù)極,positive 陽(yáng)性的、正的、正數(shù) negative陰性的、負(fù)的、負(fù)數(shù),0.1.2 詞匯 Vocabularies or words,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,diode 二極管 triode 三極(真空)管,oscillator 振蕩器 oscilloscope 示波器 oscillo- 波動(dòng),radio 無(wú)線(xiàn)電、收音機(jī) radar 雷達(dá) laser 激光,Ohms

14、law 歐姆定律,amplifier 放大器,transistor 晶體管、三極管 field-effect transistor 場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管（FET）,專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯 Speciality vocabularies,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯 Transfered words,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.2 詞匯 Vocabularies or words,從普通詞匯借用、移植過(guò)來(lái)，賦予了專(zhuān)業(yè)含義。出現(xiàn)在專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)中，一般就是使用其專(zhuān)業(yè)含義。,resistance 阻力, 抵抗, 敵對(duì),電阻(值),current 水流, 氣流, 趨勢(shì), 當(dāng)前的,電流,charge 裝載, 起訴, 負(fù)責(zé), 載荷

15、,電荷, 充電,circuit 周?chē)? 巡回, 繞行,電路,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯 Transfered words,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.2 詞匯 Vocabularies or words,bus 公共汽車(chē),總線(xiàn),network 網(wǎng)、網(wǎng)狀組織,網(wǎng)絡(luò),rectifier 修正者,整流器,monitor 班長(zhǎng),顯示器、監(jiān)視器,power 力量、動(dòng)力,電源、功率、動(dòng)力、電力、冪,field 田野, 場(chǎng)地, 領(lǐng)域,（電、磁）場(chǎng),regulator 調(diào)整者,穩(wěn)壓器,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯 Transfered words,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.2 詞匯 Vocabular

16、ies or words,resistance ：電阻，電阻值 resistor ：電阻（器） capacitance：電容，電容值 capacitor：電容（器） inductance：電感，電感值 inductor：電感（器）,parallel serial ：并行串行 parallel series： 并聯(lián)串聯(lián),analog digital ：模擬的數(shù)字的 continuous discrete： 連續(xù)的離散的,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯 Transfered words,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.2 詞匯 Vocabularies or words,有些單詞的通用含義很接近，但它

17、們的專(zhuān)業(yè)含義卻完全不同，如： differential ：微分 difference ：差分 probability ：概率 possibility ：可能性,轉(zhuǎn)意詞匯還有：failure，relay，antenna，coherent，filter，spectrum，modulator，flip-flop，potential , carrier , line , loop 等等,專(zhuān)業(yè)縮寫(xiě)詞 Speciality Abbreviations,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.2 詞匯 Vocabularies or words,FET - field-effect transis

18、tor 場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管 IC - integrated circuit 集成電路 USB - Universal Serial Bas 通用串行總線(xiàn) AM - amplitude modulation 幅度調(diào)制、調(diào)幅 FM - frequency modulation 頻率調(diào)制、調(diào)頻,通信、電信技術(shù)發(fā)展飛速，新縮寫(xiě)詞不斷出現(xiàn)。,DC. dc. - direct current 直流 AC. ac. - Alternating current 交流,專(zhuān)業(yè)縮寫(xiě)詞 Speciality Abbreviations 有些是組織機(jī)構(gòu)的縮寫(xiě)，如：,0.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn) features,0.1.2 詞匯 Vo

19、cabularies or words,ITU -,International Telecommunications Union國(guó)際電信聯(lián)盟,IEEE -,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會(huì),ISO - International Standardization Organization 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織,還有IEC , ANSI，AT output is “0” , if all inputs are not “1” .,在“與”電路中, 若所有輸入端為“1”信號(hào), 則輸出“1” ; 若所有輸入端不是“1

20、”, 則輸出“0” 。,在“與”電路中, 若所有輸入端為“1”信號(hào), 則輸出“1” ; 若輸入端不全為“1”, 則輸出“0” 。,錯(cuò),0.2.1 翻譯的準(zhǔn)則 The Criteria of Translation,e.g. As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material.,因?yàn)橄鹉z阻止電通過(guò)，所以用作絕緣材料。,e.g. Waterloo Bridge,魂斷藍(lán)橋,因?yàn)橄鹉z不導(dǎo)電，所以用作絕緣材料。,信,達(dá),雅,0.2 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯概述 Translation,St

21、ep 1 先大致瀏覽一遍全文，了解專(zhuān)業(yè)背景，理解大意。 Step 2 查詞典掌握生詞含意。 Step 3 用中文將原作表達(dá)出來(lái)，力求忠實(shí)原作，通順流暢，可對(duì)原作作適當(dāng)增刪或延伸。 Step 4 檢查校對(duì)。,0.2.2 翻譯的基本步驟The steps of Translation,0.2 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯概述 Translation,e.g. In computer we use bit to represent the minimum data. 在計(jì)算機(jī)中我們用位來(lái)表示最小的數(shù)據(jù)。,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.1 直譯 Literal Translation,翻譯中，能夠直譯的

22、情況較少，一般都需要做適當(dāng)?shù)淖儞Q、省略、增補(bǔ)等以符合中文的規(guī)范和習(xí)慣，達(dá)到“達(dá)”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,中文：動(dòng)詞使用更多，用法更靈活 英文：有冠詞；大量使用介詞,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2 變換 Changes in Translation 0.3.2.1 詞性的變換,e.g. The miniature receiving antenna was developed as an alternative to that large one. 這種小型接收天線(xiàn)是為取代那種大型天線(xiàn)而研制的。 n.v.,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2 變換 Changes in Transl

23、ation 0.3.2.1 詞性的變換,e.g. Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter. 氣體與固體的區(qū)別在于前者較后者有更大的可壓縮性。 v. n.,e.g. Reliability features this control system. 可靠性是這個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)的特色。 v. n.,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2 變換 Changes in Translation 0.3.2.2 詞序的變換名詞修飾語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序,e.g. The main d

24、evice failure mode is second breakdown .,主要器件的失效模式是二次擊穿 。,錯(cuò)!,器件的主要失效模式是二次擊穿 。,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.2 變換 Changes in Translation 0.3.2.2 詞序的變換謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序,e.g. Integrated circuits were successfully developed in American in 1958 .,集成電路于1958年在美國(guó)研制成功。,英語(yǔ)詞序：謂語(yǔ)方式狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)詞序：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)方式狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ),0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,

25、0.3.2 變換 Changes in Translation 0.3.2.2 詞序的變換被動(dòng)、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),e.g. An electric field can be produced by any charges present in space .,電場(chǎng)可由空間存在的任何電荷所產(chǎn)生。,空間存在的任何電荷均會(huì)產(chǎn)生電場(chǎng)。,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.3 省略 Ellipsis,通常省略冠詞、介詞、代詞等,e.g. Any substance is made of atoms, whether it is a gas, a liquid, or a solid .,任何物質(zhì), 無(wú)論

26、是氣體、液體或固體, 皆由原子組成。 （省略冠詞）,e.g. It is thirty cubic meters in volume .,體積是30立方米。 (省略代詞It、介詞in),0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.4 增補(bǔ) Supplements,e.g. The first term of Fourier series is called the fundamental, the others the harmonics .,傅里葉級(jí)數(shù)的第一項(xiàng)稱(chēng)為基波, 其它各項(xiàng)稱(chēng)為諧波。,e.g. The first term of Fourier series is called the

27、 fundamental, the others are called the harmonics .,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.4 增補(bǔ) Supplements,e.g. The attenuation of the filter is nearly constant to within 0.5 dB over the entire frequency band,該濾波器的衰減在整個(gè)頻帶內(nèi)接近恒定在0.5 dB以?xún)?nèi)。,該濾波器的衰減近于恒定, 整個(gè)頻帶內(nèi)的變化在0.5 dB以?xún)?nèi)。,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.4 增補(bǔ) Supplements,reading

28、讀書(shū) preparation 準(zhǔn)備工作 networking 聯(lián)網(wǎng) a chip 一片芯片 three computer 三臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī) The speed is fast. 速度很快。 the experts 專(zhuān)家們,0.3 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文翻譯的幾種基本方法,0.3.5 引申 Extensions,e.g. The product yield is a sensitive function of process control .,產(chǎn)品的成品率與工藝控制密切相關(guān)。,直譯生硬、拗口時(shí)，可在正確理解原意的基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)引申。,e.g. As rubber prevents electricity from p

29、assing through it, it is used as insulating material.,因?yàn)橄鹉z不導(dǎo)電，所以用作絕緣材料。,數(shù)制,0.4.1 數(shù)制 Number systems,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,Big system:,( For engineering ),Small system: every order of magnitude,( For common using ),American : every three orders of magnitude,British : every six orders of magn

30、itude,every four orders of magnitude,數(shù)制,0.4.1 數(shù)制 Number systems,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,語(yǔ),數(shù)量級(jí) 常使用對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)量級(jí)縮寫(xiě)，作為單位的接頭詞,0.4.2 數(shù)量級(jí)和國(guó)際單位 Number systems,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,0.4.2 數(shù)量級(jí)和國(guó)際單位 Number systems,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,國(guó)際單位制（部分） 量 單位 符號(hào) length meter m mass kilogram kg tim

31、e second s angle radian rad electric current ampere A electric capacitance farad F electric charge coulomb C,0.4.2 數(shù)量級(jí)和國(guó)際單位 Number systems,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,國(guó)際單位制（部分） 量 單位 符號(hào) electric potential volt V electric resistance ohm electric frequency hertz Hz electric inductance herry H elect

32、ric power watt W thermodynamic Kelvin degree K temperature Celsius degree ,0.4.2 數(shù)量級(jí)和國(guó)際單位 Number systems,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,0.4.2 數(shù)量級(jí)和國(guó)際單位 Number systems,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,kilometer : km picofarad: pF millisecond: ms decibel: dB Megabytes： MB,以為單位： in units of.或 in e.g. an

33、 angle in radians current in amperes where f is in hertz and v is in volts in thousands in billions of dollars 注意單位名用復(fù)數(shù)形式,A is N times as large/many/heavy/ as B A is N times larger/more/heavier / as B A is larger/more/heavier / than B by N times A的大小/數(shù)量/重量/是B的N倍。 A比B大/多/重/ N1倍。,0.4.3 數(shù)量的增減 Increase

34、and Decrease,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,A double /treble/quadruple/quintuple 增加到二倍/三倍/四倍/五倍 e.g. We double the voltage.,increase N times increase to N times increase by N times increase by a factor of N increase N-fold increase N times as much/many/ as 增加為N倍，或增加了N-1倍 （有另解）,0.4.3 數(shù)量的增減 Increase

35、and Decrease,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,increase by x% 增加了x reduce by x% 減少了x,decrease N times decrease to N times decrease by N times decrease by a factor of N decrease N-fold decrease N times as much/many/ as N-fold reduction/decrease be N times less than 減少了(N1)/N倍，或減少到1/N。 動(dòng)詞還可換成reduce、shor

36、ten、drop、cut down等,0.4.3 數(shù)量的增減 Increase and Decrease,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,0.4.3 數(shù)量的增減 Increase and Decrease,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,e.g. The switching time of the new type transistor is shortened by a factor of three . 譯文1: 新型晶體管的開(kāi)關(guān)時(shí)間縮短了三分之二 。 譯文2: 新型晶體管的開(kāi)關(guān)時(shí)間縮短為三分之一 。,e.g. The cos

37、t of TV sets was reduced by 70 % . 電視機(jī)的成本降低了70 % 。,e.g. The voltage has dropped five times. 電壓下降了五分之四 。,maximum、minimum、peak、valley、average、mean、absolute、median、optimum、upper、lower,0.4.4 最大、最小、平均等,0.4 關(guān)于數(shù)量 Numbers and Quantities,e.g. The maximum communication rate in this network is 64kbps.,e.g. The

38、 upper working temperature limit of this machine is 45 . 溫度上限,e.g. lower frequency limit、average traffic load、 peak value,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.1 常用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào) Mathematic symbols,補(bǔ)充:,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.1 常用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào) Mathematic symbols,a half , o

39、ne half,a third , one third,two thirds,one hundred and thirteen over three hundred,four and two thirds,Zero (O,naught) point two five,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,add v. 加 addend 加數(shù) summand 被加數(shù) adder 、summer 加法器 plus prep.加上a. n.正(的),subtract v

40、.減 subtrahend 減數(shù) minuend 被減數(shù) subtracter 減法器 minus prep.減去，a. n.負(fù)(的),0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,multiply v. 乘 multiplier 乘數(shù)、系數(shù)、乘法器、倍增器 multiplicand 被乘數(shù) multiple 倍數(shù),divide v. 除 divider 除數(shù)、系數(shù)、除法器、分頻器 dividend 被除數(shù) divisor 除數(shù)、因子、分壓器、約數(shù),0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和

41、數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,add a to b is c , a adds b is c , a and b is c , a plus b is c,subtract b from a , a subtracts b , b from a , a minus b,multiply a by b , a multiplied by b , a times b,divide a by b , a divided by b , b into a,a over b,a b,a b

42、,a b,a / b,a + b = c,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,x squared , the square of x, the second power of x , x to the second power,x cubed , the cube of x, the third power of x，x to the third power,the nth power of x，x to the power of n,the square ro

43、ot of x，root x,the cube root of x,the nth root of x,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,log b to the base a, the logarithm of b to the base a,sine,cosine,tangent,log x to the base 10, common logarithm,log x to the base e, natural logarithm,cotangent,a

44、rc sine,arc cosine,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,the summation of x sub i, where i goes from 1to n,the product of x sub i, where i goes from 1to n,the differential coefficient of y with respect to x, the first derivative of y with respect to x,t

45、he nth derivative of y with respect to x,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,the partial derivative of y with respect of u, where y is a function of u and another variable(s),integral of,double integral of,n-fold integral of,integral between limits a

46、and b(.from a to b),0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,factorial n,the absolute value of x,the mean value of x , x bar,x prime,function f of x,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,integer decimal fraction rational number irrational numbe

47、r real number imaginary number positive number negative number,complex number singular number plural number even number odd number prime number base number random number n-digit number,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Expressions,0.5 關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic symbols and Expressions,0.5.2 常用數(shù)學(xué)式 Mathematic Express

48、ions,function equation inequality expression formula variable ( IV: independent DV:dependent ) constant parameter coefficient factor,0.6 關(guān)于圖、表 Figures and Tables,0.6.1 圖 Figures,圖的編號(hào),Figure 1 , Figure 2 , ,對(duì)于較短的文章，可將所有圖按順序統(tǒng)一編號(hào)如：,Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 , ,對(duì)于較長(zhǎng)的文章，可將所有圖分章節(jié)編號(hào)如：,Figure 1-1, Figure1-2, Figure 2

49、-1, Figure 2-2 ,Fig. 1-1, Fig.1-2, Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2 ,0.6 關(guān)于圖、表 Figures and Tables,0.6.1 圖 Figures,圖的來(lái)源,Fig.1 the AT VLSI ; frequency synthesis,the authors introduce a new approach for traffic characterisation in ATM networks. This is based on the study of remote quantiles associated with stationar

50、y point processes as functions of time interval . It is shown that useful information about the mean and variability of the process can be extracted from the asymptotic behavior. Finally, the authors show the use of such time quantiles in the context of queue dimen-sioning which allows comparison of

51、 the blocking behavior of traffic streams without detailed calculations.,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.3 論文的摘要 the Abstract,e.g.,Abstract:,New approach for traffic characterisation in ATM network,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.3 論文的摘要 the Abstract,e.g.,Key words: ATM network , queue dimensioning , remote quantiles

52、, traffic characterisation,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.4 論文的參考文獻(xiàn) References,在論文中，凡是引用或參考他人文獻(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)、資料、觀點(diǎn)、方法和研究成果的地方，都應(yīng)該標(biāo)明出處，對(duì)應(yīng)的在參考文獻(xiàn)中列出。,體現(xiàn)對(duì)他人勞動(dòng)、研究成果的尊重，反映作者嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)態(tài)度和研究工作的科學(xué)依據(jù)； 便于讀者追溯有關(guān)原始文獻(xiàn)，進(jìn)一步查閱參考文獻(xiàn)。,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.4 論文的參考文獻(xiàn) References,參考文獻(xiàn)著錄格式,在正文中引用參考文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)注方法：一般采用順序編號(hào)法。即在引用文字的右上角標(biāo)注序號(hào)，按在文章中出現(xiàn)的順序進(jìn)行編號(hào)

53、。,在文后參考文獻(xiàn)中所列的文獻(xiàn)順序應(yīng)與正文中編號(hào)一致。,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.4 論文的參考文獻(xiàn) References,按國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，參考文獻(xiàn)的著錄格式分為3部分： 作者姓名. 文獻(xiàn)題名. 出版事項(xiàng),1 戴明楨. 數(shù)字信號(hào)處理的硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)M. 北京：航空 工業(yè)出版社, 1998. 12-15,序號(hào) 作者姓名. 文獻(xiàn)題名文獻(xiàn)類(lèi)型標(biāo)識(shí). 出版地: 出版社，出版年. 起止頁(yè)碼(任選),對(duì)于專(zhuān)著、論文集、學(xué)位論文、報(bào)告，具體格式為：,參考文獻(xiàn)著錄格式,14 Stephen G. Wilson. Digital Modulation and Coding M. Prentice Ha

54、ll. 1996,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.4 論文的參考文獻(xiàn) References,6 金顯賀，王昌長(zhǎng)，王忠東，等. 一種用于在線(xiàn)檢測(cè) 局部放電的數(shù)字濾波技術(shù)J. 清華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然 科學(xué)版)，1993，33(4): 62-67,對(duì)于期刊文章，具體格式為：,序號(hào) 作者姓名. 文獻(xiàn)題名J. 刊名,年,卷(期):起止頁(yè)碼,參考文獻(xiàn)著錄格式,9 Tekinay, S. and Jabbari, B. Handover and channel assignment in mobile cellular networks. IEEE Com- munication Magazine

55、, 1991, 29(11): 42-46,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.4 論文的參考文獻(xiàn) References,專(zhuān)著 M 論文集 C 報(bào)刊文章 N 期刊文章 J 學(xué)位論文 D 報(bào)告 R 專(zhuān)著或論文集中析出的文獻(xiàn) A 對(duì)于其他未說(shuō)明的文獻(xiàn)類(lèi)型 Z,參考文獻(xiàn)著錄格式,其中文獻(xiàn)類(lèi)型標(biāo)識(shí)規(guī)定,光盤(pán)圖書(shū) M/CD,網(wǎng)上電子公告 EB/OL,網(wǎng)上期刊 J/OL,對(duì)于電子類(lèi)型的參考文獻(xiàn)，常用的有：,網(wǎng)上數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) DB/OL,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.4 論文的參考文獻(xiàn) References,參考文獻(xiàn)著錄格式,8 謝希德.創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的新思路N.人民日?qǐng)?bào)，1998- 12-2

56、5(10),11 王明亮. 關(guān)于中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)工 程的進(jìn)展EB/OL. pub /wml.txt/980810-2.html1998-08-16/1998- 10-04,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.5 寫(xiě)作常用句型 Sentence Patterns,(1) In this paper, . is(are)presented(described, discussed, investigated, studied). (2) This paper (article, thesis) focuses on(presents, describes, discusses

57、) (3) The purpose (aim, objective, attempt) of this paper is to . (4) The approach is based on . (5) Conditions are considered for . (6) The requirement for .,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.5 寫(xiě)作常用句型 Sentence Patterns,(7) The simulation is performed by using . (8) This method is confirmed experimentally with

58、 . (9) The result of this study can be summarized for . (10) Results forare found to be close to the experimental data (11) This paper demonstrates . (12) The analysis of this study illustrates .,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.5 寫(xiě)作常用句型 Sentence Patterns,并作如下補(bǔ)充：,摘要寫(xiě)作：,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.5 寫(xiě)作常用句型 Sentence Patterns,摘要寫(xiě)作：,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.5 寫(xiě)作常用句型 Sentence Patterns,摘要寫(xiě)作：,This paper aims to v,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.5 寫(xiě)作常用句型 Sentence Patterns,摘要寫(xiě)作：,0.7 專(zhuān)業(yè)英文寫(xiě)作 Writing,0.7.5 寫(xiě)作常用句型 Sentence Patterns,摘要寫(xiě)