高中英語 Unit 3 Section 2 Learning about Language課件 新人教版必修5.ppt

1、Life in the future,Unit 3,Section Learning about Language,Unit 3,.單詞拼寫 1The two cars are running at all _ (速度) 2He lost his best _ (機(jī)會(huì)) 3Where did you go? Why is there so much _ (泥漿) on your shoes? 4Boys and girls, Ive made a few minor _ (調(diào)整) to the seating plan. 5After graduating from college, he c

2、hose to work in that _ (沙漠) region. 答案：1.speed2.opportunity3.mud4.adjustments5.desert,.短語互譯 1_ 按下 2_ 加速 3search for _ 答案：1.press down2.speed up3.尋找,.語法運(yùn)用 選出下列過去分詞短語在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z的種類。 A原因狀語B讓步狀語 C條件狀語D結(jié)果狀語E時(shí)間狀語 1Told that his mother was ill, Li Lin hurried home quickly. 2Broken down on the highway, his c

3、ar was carried away by the police. 3Given a few minutes, I will finish the work.,4Explained a hundred times, he still can not understand it. 5He fell off a tall tree, his leg broken. 1_2._3._4._5._ 答案：1.E2.A3.C4.B5.D,1.remind v. (1)sb.(about/of sth.)|sb. to do sth.|sb. that.提醒 Please remind me again

4、 nearer to the time of the interview. 到快面試時(shí)請(qǐng)?jiān)偬嵝盐乙幌隆?In case I forget, please remind me about it. 我要是忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇?Remind me to answer that letter. 提醒我回復(fù)那封信。 I reminded her how much the fare was. 我提醒她車票的價(jià)錢。,(2)sb. of sb./sth.使想起(類似的人、地方、事物等) He reminds me of his brother. 我見到他便想起了他的哥哥。 This song reminds me

5、 of France. 我一聽到這首歌就想起了法國。,比較網(wǎng)站 remind, memorize, remember 這些動(dòng)詞均有“記憶，記住，回憶”之意。,If I remember correctly, your brother went to Canada ten years ago. 如果我記得不錯(cuò)的話，你兄弟十年前就到加拿大去了。 The story reminds me of an experience I once had. 這個(gè)故事使我想起我的一次親身經(jīng)歷。 If you memorize a poem, you can say it without looking at a

6、book. 你若記住一首詩，不看書就能脫口而出。,活學(xué)活用 用恰當(dāng)詞語填空 (1)_(remind)not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 答案：Remindedremind意為“提醒”。句意：在有人提醒不要耽誤了1520的航班后，經(jīng)理匆忙出發(fā)去機(jī)場(chǎng)了。主語the manager與動(dòng)詞remind為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，表被動(dòng)。 (2)Mary, I reminded John _ his promise to help you. 剖析：of考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remind sb

7、.of sth.“提醒某人某事”。根據(jù)句意填of。,2swift adj. (1)(to do sth.)迅速發(fā)生的，馬上做出的，迅速的 Theyve been very swift to deny these rumors. 他們?cè)诒僦{方面反應(yīng)迅速。 (2)速度快的；敏捷的，矯健的 The river is too swift to swim. 這河的水流太急，不能游泳。,swiftly adv. 飛快地，迅速地，敏捷地,知識(shí)拓展 He walked swiftly towards home down the dark street. 他沿著黑暗的街道迅速地走回家去。 Nobody can

8、bring us swiftly, painlessly into the promised land. 無人能夠把我們迅速地、毫無痛苦地帶進(jìn)理想之園。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 我們應(yīng)該迅速作出決定。 We should make_ _ _. 答案：a swift decision,3bend (1)v. (尤指人的身體或頭部)(使)傾斜，偏向 She bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. 她彎腰從地板上撿起一本書。 (使四肢等)彎曲 Touch your toes without bending your knees. 用手夠到你的腳趾，膝蓋

9、別彎曲。,把弄彎(或折起) Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把鐵棒弄彎很不容易。 (使)拐彎，彎曲 The road bends to the right after a few yards. 這條路在幾碼遠(yuǎn)的地方轉(zhuǎn)向右方。,(2)n. C(尤指道路或河流的)拐彎，彎道 I cant see if there is a car coming because there is a bend in the road. 我看不見是否有小汽車開過來，因?yàn)槁飞嫌袀€(gè)拐彎。 There is a sharp bend in the road here. 這段路上有一處急轉(zhuǎn)彎。,圖

10、解助記,bend ones mind/efforts to sth.致力于某事，專心致志于某事 bend sb. to sth.迫使，說服,知識(shí)拓展,活學(xué)活用 用恰當(dāng)形式填空 Can you bend down and touch your toes without_ (bend) your knees? 答案：bending,4desert adj.沙漠的，荒涼的 One person can live on a desert island without being disturbed. 一個(gè)人生活在荒島上就不會(huì)被打擾。 知識(shí)拓展 desert vt.拋棄；遺棄n沙漠，荒漠,Helen w

11、as deserted by her husband. 海倫被她丈夫拋棄了。 Few kinds of plants grow in the desert. 僅有幾種植物在沙漠上生長。,活學(xué)活用 補(bǔ)全句子 這個(gè)黨的很多傳統(tǒng)支持者在上一次選舉中拋棄了它。 Many of the partys traditional voters _ _ _ _ _ _. 答案：deserted it at the last election,1.speed up(使)加速 They have speeded up production. 他們加快了生產(chǎn)速度。 A technique uses two or mo

12、re input or output units in an attempt to speed up input and output operations. 為加速輸入輸出操作，采用了兩個(gè)或多個(gè)輸入輸出部件的技術(shù)。,(1)常與speed搭配的短語： at a speed of. 以的速度 at speed 疾駛 reduce speed 減速 pick up/gather speed 加速 with all speed 全速 at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 (2)speed up反義短語為slow down,知識(shí)拓展,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 他們

13、正在加寬橋梁以加快車流速度。 They are broadening the bridge _ _ _ the flow of traffic. 答案：to speed up,(2)用恰當(dāng)介詞填空 I drove my car _ a speed of 150 kilometers an hour this afternoon. It was great fun. Did you go crazy? You could have killed yourself. 答案：at固定搭配：at a/the speed of“以的速度”。,2pick out (1)精心挑選 She was picke

14、d out from thousands of applicants for the job. 從數(shù)千人中挑選出她來做這份工作。 We had a lot of fun picking out a present for Mary. 我們覺得為瑪麗選禮物很有趣。,(2)認(rèn)出來，辨別出 It was just possible to pick out the hut on the side of the mountain. 那小舍坐落在山邊，隱約可見。 She was able to pick out her attacker from these people. 她能夠從這些人中辨認(rèn)出襲擊她的

15、人。,pick over用心挑選；篩選 pick off去除，剪除,知識(shí)拓展,Dont pick off any of these flowers. 這些花一朵也不要采摘。 The gardener picked off the dead flowers. 園丁把所有凋謝的花朵摘了下來。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 電影院里太黑我?guī)缀醣嬲J(rèn)不出我的朋友。 It was so dark in the cinema _ _ _ _ _ _my friend. 答案：that I could hardly pick out,(2)用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕楦痹~填空 The child was so unique. Th

16、ough he was lost in the crowd, I easily picked him_. 答案：out,過去分詞作狀語 過去分詞作狀語，進(jìn)一步說明謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況。其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且與主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”，即“被動(dòng)關(guān)系”。過去分詞短語作條件、原因以及時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時(shí)，一般放在句末，有時(shí)也放在句首；作讓步狀語時(shí)，一般放在句首，有時(shí)也放在句末。,.過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的功能 1)原因狀語 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰?/p>

17、一場(chǎng)大雨，所以他全身濕透了。 Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didnt dare sleep in her room. 被夜晚的響聲驚嚇，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房間里了。,2)時(shí)間狀語 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當(dāng)被問及為何要做這件事時(shí)，班長說這是他的職責(zé)。 Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走進(jìn)時(shí)，那些電燈顯得孤單而無意義。,3)條件狀語和假設(shè)狀語

18、Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就可以避免了。,4)方式狀語或伴隨狀語 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在學(xué)生們的簇?fù)硐?，興高采烈地坐在那兒。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他靜靜地站在那里，

19、被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。,5)讓步狀語 Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance. 盡管受警察的毆打，被投入監(jiān)牢，甘地卻首創(chuàng)了非暴力抵抗的原則。 Defeated again, he did not lose heart. 盡管再次被擊敗，但他沒有灰心。,6)獨(dú)立成分(插入語) Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening. 假如天氣好，我們的船將于星期一晚上到達(dá)上海。 Put f

20、rankly, I dont agree with what he said. 坦白地說，我不同意他所說的話。,.與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 1)過去分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when, while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 從山上往下看，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。,2)作條件狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從

21、句。 Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多時(shí)間的話，她一定會(huì)干得更好些。,3)作原因狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as, since或because等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once

22、. 由于勞累，孩子們很快就睡著了。,4)作讓步狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although, though或even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我們雖然爬得很累，但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)我們的旅程。,5)作方式狀語，如有連詞as if，就轉(zhuǎn)換為as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句；若無連詞，則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 He began to cry as if bitten by a s

23、nake. He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起來，好像被蛇咬了。 6)作伴隨狀語，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter. 吳大娘走進(jìn)來，(她)后面跟著她的女兒。,知識(shí)拓展 1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語在“邏輯”方面的差異： 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語與過去分詞作狀語最主要的區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與

24、句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對(duì)這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會(huì)長得更好。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。,2)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語在“時(shí)間”方面的差異： 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，或表示一種狀態(tài)，與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在

25、說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)“主動(dòng)”動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動(dòng)式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)“被動(dòng)”動(dòng)作，常常和表示次數(shù)的短語以及時(shí)間段(for短語)連用，此時(shí)不能被過去分詞所替換。其他情況下通常被過去分詞所替換，使句式更簡(jiǎn)潔。,Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因?yàn)閷懙么颐Γ@篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. 他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，

26、發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。 Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 進(jìn)行了幾次討論之后，終于作出了決定。,3)部分過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示“被動(dòng)關(guān)系”，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(陷入某種狀態(tài))；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(駐扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿著)；tired of(厭煩)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hea

27、r the sound. 因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。,4)過去分詞用作狀語時(shí)，前面往往帶有when, if, while, though, even if等連詞，這樣就能使過去分詞所表示的意義更加明確。這種帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)通?？煽醋魇且环N省略句，句中省略的部分總是“主語be的相應(yīng)變化形式”，省略的主語通常與主句的主語相同。 When given a medical examination, you should keep ca

28、lm. 當(dāng)你做體檢時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。 Because beaten twice a day, he was too afraid to go home. 因?yàn)橐惶毂淮蛄藘纱?，他太恐懼了以至于不敢回家?5)分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致；否則分詞(短語)就要有自己的邏輯主語(用名詞或代詞的主格來表示)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)，其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語從句。表示伴隨方式時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。 The signal given, the bus started. 信號(hào)一發(fā)出，汽車就開動(dòng)了。 The footb

29、all match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球賽一結(jié)束，人群便涌到了大街上。,幫學(xué)助記 分詞作狀語記憶口訣 分詞作狀語，主語是問題。 逗號(hào)前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語。 主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。 主動(dòng)用ing, 被動(dòng)用ed, having done表先后，千萬要牢記。,高考真題改編 1(2014天津，7)Clearly and thoughtfully _(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own

30、 answers. 答案：written考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)榍逦艿降乇粚懗鰜?，這本書鼓舞了想尋找自己答案的學(xué)生的自信心。the book與write之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。,2(2014江西，31)_(spend)nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. 答案：Having spent考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。句意：花光了我們差不多所有的錢，我們住不起旅館了。動(dòng)詞spend與主語we之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語；又動(dòng)作spent發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作couldnt afford之前，所以用having

31、 done形式作狀語，表示主動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)完成。,3(2014湖南，27)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _(stare)at the night sky. 答案：staring考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。所填詞作伴隨狀語，與lying的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，且與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用ving的一般式，故填staring。,4(2014江蘇，29)The lecture _(give), a lively questionandanswer session followed. 答案：ha

32、ving been given考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。a lively questionandanswer session followed“緊跟著是一個(gè)問答環(huán)節(jié)”，是句子主干，所以逗號(hào)前面部分是要用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，the lecture與give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又give動(dòng)作發(fā)生在follow動(dòng)作之前，所以要用having been done形式作狀語，即表示被動(dòng)，又強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，故填having been given。,5(2013安徽，32)_(found)in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love

33、 of art. 答案：Founded考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：建立于20世紀(jì)早期，這所學(xué)校一直激發(fā)著孩子們對(duì)藝術(shù)的熱愛。此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，與句子的主語school之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。,專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 1_(lose)in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 答案：Lost句意為“由于陷入沉思，他差一點(diǎn)撞到前面的車上”。be lost in thought為固定搭配，意為“陷入沉思”。過去分詞短語lost in thought在句中作原因狀語。,2_(surround)by a group of journalis

34、ts and _ (turn)to nobody for help, the famous actress finally covered her face with a hat. 答案：Surrounded; turning句意為“被一群記者包圍著而又無人可以尋求幫助，這位女演員最后用帽子捂住了臉”。句子的主語the famous actress與surround之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與turn之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用surrounded和turning作狀語。,3_(mail)out automatically the email will be received by all the club m

35、embers. 答案：Mailed句意：這封電子郵件自動(dòng)發(fā)出，俱樂部的所有成員都能收到。本題考查分詞作方式狀語。動(dòng)詞mail的邏輯主語是句子的主語email，郵件是被寄出，所以采用過去分詞表示“被動(dòng)”和“完成”的含義。注意：不定式短語在句中只能擔(dān)任“目的狀語”、“原因狀語”和“結(jié)果狀語”。,4My cousin came to see me from the country, _ (bring)me a full basket of fresh fruits. 答案：bringing句意：表兄從鄉(xiāng)下來看我，給我?guī)砹艘换@子新鮮的水果。現(xiàn)在分詞短語bringing me a full baske

36、t of fresh fruits在句中作伴隨狀語，表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的一個(gè)主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。,5Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ (compare)with his old one. 答案：comparedcompare與邏輯主語Michaels new house之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。句意：和舊房子相比，邁克爾的新房子就像巨大的宮殿。,6_(give)the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international s

37、tars. 答案：Given考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。give所表示的動(dòng)作與主句主語these teenage soccer players構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。句意：如果給予他們正確的訓(xùn)練，這些十幾歲的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員或許在將來的某一天會(huì)成長為國際巨星。,7_(face)all the difficulties，he never gave up. 答案：Facing句意：面對(duì)所有的困難，他從來沒有放棄過。face是及物動(dòng)詞，多用于face sth.或be faced with sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。,8_(face)with so much trouble, we fa

38、iled to complete the task on time. 答案：Faced句意：面對(duì)如此多的困難，我們沒有準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。過去分詞短語在句中作原因狀語，轉(zhuǎn)化為原因狀語從句為：As we were faced with so much trouble，.其中，be faced with表示“面對(duì)，面臨”。,9_(dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 答案：Dressed句意：身穿白色制服，他看起來與其說是一位醫(yī)生倒不如說是位廚師。本題考查過去分詞作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于As he was dres

39、sed in a white uniform，.；其中，be dressed in表示“穿著”。,10“You cant catch me！” Janet shouted，_(run) away. 答案：running句意：“你抓不住我！”珍妮特喊著跑遠(yuǎn)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞running在句中作伴隨狀語，表示一個(gè)與謂語動(dòng)詞shout同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。,11He glanced over at her, _(note)that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. 答案：noting句意：他瞥了她一眼，注意到盡管她身體纖弱，但看

40、起來小巧玲瓏。分詞(短語)在句中擔(dān)任方式或伴隨狀語(通常位于句末)。此外，句子的主語he與動(dòng)詞note之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示一個(gè)與謂語動(dòng)詞glanced at同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,12Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together，_(have)fun. 答案：having句意：爸爸并不介意我們做什么，只要我們一起玩得高興就行。在as long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語having fun作伴隨狀語，表示一個(gè)與從句謂語動(dòng)詞were together同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。,13

41、“We cant go out in this weather，” said Bob，_ (look)out of the window. 答案：looking句意：鮑勃雙眼盯著窗外，說道“在這種天氣狀況下，我們不能外出?！狈衷~(短語)在句中擔(dān)任伴隨狀語。此外，動(dòng)詞look與句子的主語Bob在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，且與謂語動(dòng)詞said同時(shí)發(fā)生，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。分詞(短語)可以作方式或伴隨狀語(通常位于句末)，不定式不可以。,14The old man，_(work)abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 答案：having worked句意：在海外工作了20年后，那位老人即將重返祖國。本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中擔(dān)任時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句：After he has worked abroad for twenty years，.。,15They use computers to keep the traffic_ (run) smoothly. 答案：running句意：他們使用計(jì)算機(jī)來保持交通暢通無阻。keep表示“保持或繼續(xù)處于的狀態(tài)”，