Managing in a Global Environment4 ((ppt 18頁).ppt

1、PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,42,L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.,What Your Global Perspective? Define parochialism

2、and explain why it can lead to problems. Contrast ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric attitudes towards global business. Describe the advantage and drawbacks of the three attitudes towards global business Understanding the Global Environment Describe the benefits from free trade. Tell why the

3、European Union began Describe the current status of the European Union Discuss the North American Free Trade Agreement.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,43,L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (contd) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.,Understanding the

4、Global Environment (contd) Describe other regional trade alliance in Latin America. Tell about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Describe other regional trade alliances. Explain the interdependence that globalization involves. Describe the formation of the World Trade Organization. Discuss

5、 the role of the WTO. Doing Business Globally Contrast MNCs, TNCs, and borderless organizations. Relate MNCs, TNCs, and borderless organizations to the three attitudes towards global business.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,44,L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (contd) Follow thi

6、s Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.,Doing Business Globally Describe the three stages organizations go through as they go global. Define exporting, importing, licensing, and franchising. Describe global strategic alliances, joint ventures, and foreign subsidiaries. Managing in a G

7、lobal Environment Explain how the global legal-political environment affects managers. Describe the effect of the global economic environment on managers. Discuss Hofstedes five dimensions for assessing cultures.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,45,L E A R N I N G O U T L I N

8、E (contd) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.,Managing in a Global Environment (contd) Explain the nine GLOBE dimensions for assessing cultures. Discuss the challenges of doing business globally in todays world.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,46,

9、Managing in a Global Environment,Challenges Coping with the sudden appearance of new competitors Acknowledging cultural, political, and economic differences Dealing with increased uncertainty, fear, and anxiety Adapting to changes in the global environment Avoiding parochialism,Copyright 2005 Prenti

10、ce Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,47,Adopting a Global Perspective,Ethnocentric Attitude The parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. Polycentric Attitude The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practic

11、es for running their business. Geocentric Attitude A world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,48,Regional Trading Agreements,The European Union (EU) A unified economic and trade entity Belg

12、ium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Finland, and Sweden Economic and monetary union (Euro) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Eliminated barriers to free trade (tariffs, import licensing requiremen

13、ts, and customs user fees) United States, Canada, and Mexico,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,49,Regional Trading Agreements (contd),Free Trade Area of the Americas Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Trading alliance of 10 Sou

14、theast Asian nations African Union,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,410,The World Trade Organization (WTO),Evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995. Functions as the only global organization dealing with the rules of trade among nations. Has 145 m

15、ember nations. Monitors and promotes world trade.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,411,Different Types of Global Organizations,Multinational Corporation (MNC) A firm which maintains operations in multiple countries but manages the operations from a base in the home country. Tr

16、ansnational Corporation (TNC) A firm that maintains operations in several countries but decentralizes management to the local country. Borderless Organization A firm that has eliminated structural divisions that impose artificial geographic barriers and is organized along business lines.,Copyright 2

17、005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,412,How Organizations Go Global,Three Stages of Globalization Stage I Exporting products for sale overseas and importing products from overseas to sell in the home country. Stage II Committing to directly sell home-country products in overseas markets or

18、contracting for products to be manufactured overseas and sold in the home country. Stage III Licensing manufacturing and franchising services to foreign firms to use the brand name, technology, or product specifications developed by the firm.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,4

19、13,Other Forms of Globalization,Strategic Alliances Partnerships between and organization and a foreign company in which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products or building new production facilities. Joint Venture A specific type of strategic alliance in which the partners agre

20、e to form a separate, independent organization for some business purpose.,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,414,Managing in A Global Environment,The Legal Environment Stability or instability of legal and political systems Legal procedures are established and followed Fair and

21、honest elections held on a regular basis Differences in the laws of various nations Effects on business activities Effects on delivery of products and services,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,415,The Economic Environment,Economic Systems Market economy An economy in which res

22、ources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector. Command economy An economy in which all economic decisions are planned by a central government. Monetary and Financial Factors Currency exchange rates Inflation rates Diverse tax policies,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,416,The Cultural Environment,National Culture Is the values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and their beliefs about what is important. May have more influence on an organiza