高中情態(tài)動詞課件大全.ppt

1、情態(tài)動詞(一）,modal verbs,Grammar,情態(tài)動詞,can could may might shall should must will would ought to,have to dare (darent) need (neednt) used to,策劃：學生雙語報,3,一. We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Ability （能力） 2. Obligation （義務） 3. Certainty （可能性） 4. Permission （允許）,策劃：學生雙語報,4,二.We also use modal verbs to:,5.

2、Make requests（提出請求） 6. Make suggestions（提出建議） 7. Make offers（提供幫助） 8. Give advice（提出意見）,情態(tài)動詞有一定的意義，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能獨立使用，它和后面的動詞構成謂語 只作情態(tài)動詞:can/could, may/might, ought to， must 可情態(tài)可實義:need, dare/dared 可情態(tài)可助動詞:shall/should, will/would 相當于情態(tài)動詞:have to, used to,must 的用法,must,1.must 表示推測時， 只能用于肯定句。,e.g.這個電腦

3、肯定出了問題。,There must be something wrong with the computer.,你努力學了一整天， 一定累了吧,You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.,must 的用法,注意：must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”。 Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite. 自然地，在我交代女兒做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情.,2.must +be doing/do 表示對現(xiàn)在的動作進行肯定推測,e.g

4、.他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說.,He must be reading novels now.,他們買了一輛新車。 他們一定很有錢.,They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.,3.must +have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定判斷,e.g.他們在玩籃球， 他們一定完成了作業(yè)。,They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework.,路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,The road is wet. It must have raine

5、d last night.,對現(xiàn)在或將來情況推測：must +動詞原形。 must只能用于肯定。否定和疑問分別用cant和can。 e.g. He must tell a lie. Can he tell a lie ? He cant tell a lie. *must-should/ought to may-might/could+do 可能性依次減弱,(對過去情況推測：must may, might)+完成時。 e.g. You must have met him before. mustmaymight可能性依次減弱 must只能用于肯定句，譯成“一定”。否定和疑問分別用cant /

6、couldnt和can / could。 e.g. Could /Can it have happened last night ? It couldnt/cant have happened last night.,策劃：學生雙語報,12,Attention:,can/be able to區(qū)別:,Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was not able to.,Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互換) ? If not, wh

7、y?,can表示與生俱來的能力或一種客觀可能，而be able to更加強調(diào)通過后天的學習和努力獲得的能力，或者在某個客觀的場合和背景下，能做到的事情。,He must be reading, isnt he? You must do it yourself, dont you? He must have gone over the article, hasnt he? It must have rained last night, didnt it?,表猜測語氣的反意疑問句的構成,策劃：學生雙語報,14,can/could用法:,can never/canttoo表示“無論怎樣也不過分”，“

8、越越好” 。,你過馬路的時候再小心也不為過。,You cant be too careful while crossing the road.,can, could 和be able to的用法,e.g. Well be able to finish the work soon. I havent been able to see the film.,2.can只用于現(xiàn)在時和過去時(could)。 beableto可以用于各種時態(tài)。,could用于表示泛指過去的能力。 e.g. IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.,策劃：學生雙語報,16,can, could 和be able to

9、的用法,e.g.She can/be able to sing the song in English. This machine can make you feel comfortable.,1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”,Can的主語是人或物,be able to的主語是人,Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.,3.表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。,e.g. Hewasabletoes

10、cape fromEuropebefore thewarbrokeout. Hewasabletoswimbeforehegottired.,表示過去的能力,can/could用法,1. can /could 表示推測時，只能用在否定句或疑問句中。,e.g. Its so late. Can Tom be reading?,Can it be Mr. Green?,這個人不可能是瑪麗， 她生病了。,It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.,她不可能在說謊。,She couldnt be telling lies.,在疑問句中 could 比can 更有禮貌，在此

11、不是can的過去式。 e.g. Can you wait a moment please? Liz, can you do me a favor? Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station? I wonder if you could help me. (請求),2. can/could have done 對過去發(fā)生行為的可能性進行推測:,剛才我還看見他了， 所以他不可能出國的。,I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.,門是鎖著的， 所以她不可能在家。,The door

12、 was locked.,She couldnt have been at home.,3. can/could have done “本可以，本來可能已經(jīng)”用于肯定句中，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情做出的判斷.,e.g.你本來可以考的更好。,You could have had a better mark.,may/might,1.may/might表示推測時，只能用于陳述句，表示對現(xiàn)在或將來要發(fā)生的動作把握不大。,e.g.她們明天可能會到這里來。,They may come here tomorrow.,他們可能還在等我們呢。,They may be still waiting for us.,2

13、.might 可用于指過去的行為或者表示可能性更小。,e.g.他也許在做功課吧。,He might be doing his homework now.,我問他我是否可以離開。,I asked him if I might leave.,I asked him “May I leave now?”,3.might/may have done,表示對過去發(fā)生的動作進行可能性推測。,e.g.他可能去醫(yī)務室了。,He may have gone to the clinic.,他可能已經(jīng)從報紙上知道這個消息了。,He might have read about the news in the news

14、paper.,4）may 表示許可，表示允許別人做某事， 也可征求對方的許可。 May I open the door? We may keep the book for two weeks. 5） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May you have a nice trip!,表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法.,肯定的推測 可能的推測 否定的推測 疑問的推測,must,對將來 對現(xiàn)在 對過去,情態(tài)動詞,may, might,cant, couldnt,can, could,+ V. + V. + have done 常見must be + be doing,+ V.

15、+ V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V. + V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing,Will /Would you do? (表請求would 更委婉)表意志，愿望，決心 would表過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向 “總是,總要” used to表過去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒有這種習慣） “過去常?！?used to 可于狀態(tài)動詞連用would不可以 e.g. He used to be a quiet boy. () He would be a quiet boy. ( ),

16、will/would,策劃：學生雙語報,28,will/would:,3.可表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性、傾向性。翻譯為“經(jīng)常、慣于、總是”。,1).The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.,would,shall/should,1.shall 用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令，警告，允諾或威脅。 e.g.1)You shall go with me.(命令) 2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(

17、允諾) 3)He shall be punished.(威脅) 2. shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向對方請示。 e.g.4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意見） 5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(請示),3.用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務，多用于第三人稱中。 6) “The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the

18、 judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall,D,策劃：學生雙語報,31,用于表達合理推斷。 e.g. It is three oclock, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.,2. should 的用法,2. should 的用法,注意：should可表示“居然，竟然”。 e.g.我不敢相信這樣一個紳士居然對老人如此無禮。 I cant believe such a gent

19、leman should be so rude to the old.,e.g. Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.,3. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與ought to意義相近，但ought to多表示責任、義務，語氣強烈。在疑問句中通常用should代替ought to。,策劃：學生雙語報,35,should cant; must B. can; can; must C. can; mustnt; must D. m

20、ust; mustnt can 2. -Isnt that Anns husband over there? -No. it _ be him-Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A.cant B. must not C. wont D, may not 3.-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 4.-are you coming to Jeffs par

21、ty? -Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might,A,A,B,D,5.-You may laugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. -Oh, you _ be out of your mind. You will be hungry all the time. A. will B. may C. must D. should 6.-I wonder why they are late? -They _ the

22、train. cant have missed B. could miss C. must have missed D. might miss 7.-Show me your permit, please! -Oh, its not in my pocket. It _. A. might fall out B. could fall out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out,C,C,D,7. -Has Mike started? He said he would join in the party. -He _. He is

23、a man of keeping his word. A. could have left B. must have left C. cant come D. wont be coming 8.Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ be just noise to others. must B. may C. should D. could 9. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a

24、 comfortable journey. A.cant be B. mustnt have been C. should be D. couldnt have been 10.Chinese must have the largest number of speakers, _. A.mustnt they B. havent they C. dont they D. didnt they,B,B,D,C,could(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本來能夠而沒能”，具有婉轉的批評和責備之意。,1. I could have passed my exam easily, b

25、ut I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本來能夠輕易通過考試，但我犯了太多不該 犯的錯誤。 2.You could have reported to me earlier. 你本該早點告訴我的。,should/ought to+have done用于肯定句時，表示“本該做某事而實際上沒做”，用于否定句時，則表示“不該做的事反而做了”。,1.You should have told him a week ago. 你本來應該在一周前告訴他的。 2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out of the readin

26、g room. 他不該、把雜志帶出閱覽室的。,might（不用may）+have done表示“本來可能”，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可表示“本來應該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責備語氣。,1.You might not have told her. 你本可以不告訴他的。（事實上你告訴他了） 2. You might have come earlier. 你本可以早點來的。（但沒有這樣）,neednt +have done表示做了本來不必去做的事。,1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday. 昨天她本不必到火車站去的.（昨天她去了） 2.You neednt have bought it. 你本可不必買它的。 （你買了）,鞏 固 練