英語動(dòng)詞的分類及用法

1、英 語 動(dòng) 詞 的 分類和用法提示：以下動(dòng)詞的分類并沒有絕對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。有的分類只是為了更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語動(dòng)詞、掌握動(dòng)詞的用法和搭配，以及更好地學(xué)好與動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的語法。切記：有些動(dòng)詞作不同的意義解釋時(shí)可以分屬于不同種類的動(dòng)詞。因此，我們要特別注意一詞多義現(xiàn)象。 動(dòng)詞的種類分類總表：(更多更詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容請(qǐng)參考其他復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容.)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 請(qǐng)你參考復(fù)習(xí)以前發(fā)放的資料2可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need/ dare3可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作助動(dòng)詞shall/ should/ will/ would4勉強(qiáng)可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have

2、to/ had better/ used to助動(dòng)詞1be 形式變化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同時(shí)是實(shí)義和系動(dòng)詞2do 形式變化：does/ did 同時(shí)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞3have 形式變化：has/ had/ having同時(shí)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞4shall形式變化：should同時(shí)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞5will 形式變化：would同時(shí)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞1狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be特別說明：這里列舉的所有系動(dòng)詞本身都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。但它們表示的意思不同。請(qǐng)注意結(jié)合句意去理解判斷。2表像系動(dòng)詞look / appear/ seem3感官系動(dòng)詞feel / smell/ sound/ tas

3、te4持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay5變化系動(dòng)詞become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run6終止系動(dòng)詞prove/ turn out實(shí)義動(dòng)詞1不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。vi后面若要跟賓語，必須加上介詞。有不少的動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞。區(qū)別在于它所表示的含義有所不同。第2頁有更多內(nèi)容及物動(dòng)詞 （vt）后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。vt后面可以直接跟賓語。2靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)的動(dòng)詞。一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。A. 表示

4、存在、從屬意義的動(dòng)詞。如：be（“是”）、have（“有”）、own, exist, live, belong toB. 與五官感覺有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell及watch, notice, observe, find, catchC. 表示心理狀態(tài)或情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; under

5、stand; want; wishD. 接度量衡名詞的動(dòng)詞 (+數(shù)詞+單位) (這些動(dòng)詞的主語通常是物)weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。A延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示行為或過程能持久地繼續(xù)下去或能產(chǎn)生持久的影響。eat， listen， read， run， walk，work，write第3頁有更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容.B終止性動(dòng)詞：表示行為或過程是短暫的或瞬時(shí)間完成結(jié)束。arrive; begin; break;

6、 bring; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump C表示狀態(tài)改變或位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞.arrive，change，come，die，go，land（著陸），leave3使役動(dòng)詞A.表示“使、令、讓、叫”等意義的動(dòng)詞. 如: make, have, let, get, keep第4頁有更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容.B.表示“使人，令人”的心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：interest; excite; astonish; move; a

7、muse; surprise(+ sb.)4表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表示結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find;listen to/ hear;study/learn; try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。請(qǐng)大家注意積累.5A謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中作謂語的動(dòng)詞。注意謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。B非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中不是用作謂語的動(dòng)詞。變化形式：進(jìn)行式、完成式、被動(dòng)式、否定式。A不定式 to do形式變化：to have d

8、one/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to doB動(dòng)名詞doing形式變化：not doing今后有專題復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)內(nèi)容.C現(xiàn)在分詞doing形式變化：having done/ having been done/ not doingnot having done/ not having been doneD過去分詞done形式變化：not done相關(guān)動(dòng)詞分類對(duì)比與同近義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分（重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容）及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞vi用法（1）主語+ vi(+狀語)(不及物動(dòng)詞):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; che

9、er; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim;

10、act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand.(不及物動(dòng)詞短語): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .vi用法（2）主語+vi+介詞+賓語aim + atlook +atstare +atstay +atglance + atlaugh + atcontact +with sbdeal + withdisagree + withend + in/up with wait +for

11、 depend + onoperate +onrely + oninsist + on doinglive +in/onbelong + to sbcome + to sbgo + tohappen +to sblie + to/inlisten + toobject +tooccur +torefer +torelate +toreply +toreturn +tostick +to sth graduate + fromsuffer +fromfail + insucceed +in doingfall +off/ ontostruggle + for/ againstvote +for/

12、 against care + for/aboutapologize + to sb for doingargue + about sth with sbdie +in/ from/ of/talk +about sth/ to sbthink +of/ about/ overcompete + in sth with sbagree + to/ with / onwork +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at(要熟記它們的搭配。)vt與vi近義詞對(duì)比listen to sbsound like sthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbel

13、ong to sbown sthpossess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact with sbtouch sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbreply toanswerappearshow sth to sbrise / go up / increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak intogo outturn offlook forfindgive ingive upagre

14、e with sbpromise sbA既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。 如: begin 開始。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 類似的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.B既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是

15、升高；舉起。He lifted his glass and drank. 類似的還有：beat vi.(心臟)跳動(dòng)/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長/ vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 發(fā)出（氣味）/ vt. 嗅 ring vi.（電話、鈴）響/ vt.打電話 speak vi. 講話/ vt. 說（語言） hang vi. 懸掛 / vt. 絞死 operate vi. 動(dòng)手術(shù)/ vt. 操作run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 經(jīng)營C 有的及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允許 allow for 考慮到感官動(dòng)詞 感

16、官動(dòng)詞hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to的用法歸納總結(jié): (感官動(dòng)詞+ sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1后接不帶to的不定式表示一個(gè)發(fā)生過或者還沒發(fā)生具體的動(dòng)作When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Seeing the sun rising above the sur

17、face of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表示被動(dòng)意義。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 試比較（注意理解）:）I heard him sing a song. 我聽他唱了一首歌（指自

18、始至終整個(gè)過程）。）I heard him singing a song. 我聽見他正在唱歌唱（指當(dāng)時(shí)動(dòng)作的某個(gè)片斷）。）I heard a song sung. 我聽見（有人）唱歌（邏輯主語“歌”與“唱”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞的對(duì)比注: “”左邊的是終止性動(dòng)詞(瞬間動(dòng)詞); “”右邊的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞更多的終止性動(dòng)詞(瞬間動(dòng)詞): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize.borrowkeepbuyhavebecomebeput on wearmove tolive

19、inrecognizeknowcatch a coldhave a coldget to knowknowopen sthkeep sth openleavebe away frombegin/startbe ondie be deadfinishbe overreturnbe backjoinbe in + 組織機(jī)構(gòu) /be a member of + 組織機(jī)構(gòu)come herebe herego therebe therecome backbe backfall asleepbe asleepget to/arrive/reachbe (in)go (get) out be out fal

20、l illbe illget upbe up 在有表示時(shí)間的場合，要注意根據(jù)句子或上下文提供的時(shí)間關(guān)系判斷句子中的動(dòng)詞該使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞還是終止性動(dòng)詞。1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語連用。但: come/ begin/ get + to + 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作。(“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”指具體某一時(shí)間點(diǎn);“段時(shí)間”指某一時(shí)間內(nèi).)It rained at eight yesterday morning. (誤)因?yàn)閞ain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間，前后矛盾。It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正)-When

21、 did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.2. 終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是“段時(shí)間”(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長的時(shí)間或過程，從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach

22、為終止性動(dòng)詞; when不可用while替換.)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語)I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.3. 終止性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作的完成并產(chǎn)生了影響與結(jié)果。但一般不能與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間段短語“for”或“since”以及“How long ”連用，終止性動(dòng)詞否定式除外。He has joined the League. 他已經(jīng)入團(tuán)。He has been a Leag

23、ue member for three years. He has been in the League for three years. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years.It is 4 years since the old man died.Four years has passed since the old man died.I bought the book 5 days ago.I have had the book for 5 days. 4.注意句型(1): “It is 一

24、段時(shí)間since從句(+ 終止性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí))” “一段時(shí)間has passedsince從句( + 終止性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí))”: 句子的含義是: “自從起, 有(多長的時(shí)間)”。如果在since從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，那么與其一般過去時(shí)的含義就完全相反了。注意比較理解: I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以來一直在學(xué)校里。I have been at school since I was ill. 我病愈以來一直在學(xué)校里。Its 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生吸煙已有四年了It is

25、four months since my elder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英國已有四個(gè)月了。More than three years has passed since Mary came to China. 瑪麗來中國已有三年多了5. 注意句型(2): “not + 終止性動(dòng)詞 + until/till .” 意為“直到才”?！把永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞 + until /till”表示：“一直延續(xù)到.”I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺。I w

26、ont leave till my parents come back. 我將呆在家里直到我父母回來。言外之意是，我父母不回來，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回來后我就離開家。I didnt receive the notice until last evening.直到昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨天晚上前我一直沒有接到通知。We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening. 我們昨天晚上一直工作到11點(diǎn)。高考中常見使役動(dòng)詞的用法與搭配1. makemake sb. do sth 使/讓/逼某人做某事; (被動(dòng)形式)sb. be made to domake s

27、th done 使/讓某事得以 make sb. adj 使某人處于的狀態(tài)make sb sth 使/讓某人成為 She will make a good wife. 她會(huì)成為一個(gè)好妻子。make oneself done 使某人的為他人所 (make oneself heard/ understood)2. havehave sb do sth 使/讓/請(qǐng)某人做某事. have sb doing. 使/讓某人一直做某事have sth done 請(qǐng)/讓某人做某事; 招致或遭遇到(不好的事情) have sb adj. 使/讓/某人處于的狀態(tài) It had the salesmen busy

28、around.3. let let sb do sth 讓/允許某人做某事 let sb+介詞短語 讓某人處于的狀態(tài)4. keepkeep sb doing sth 使/讓某人一直做某事keep sb/sth +介詞短語. 讓某人或某物處于的狀態(tài)5. getget sb to do sth請(qǐng)/讓某人做某事 Would you please get them to bring down the price?get sth done. 請(qǐng)/讓某人做某事 Ill get my hair cut.get sb doing. 請(qǐng)/讓某人一直做某事 The joke got us laughing.6.

29、leaveleave sb (to) do sth 讓某人做/干某事 Well leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb doing sth 讓某人繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài) Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.leave sth done 讓某事保持的狀態(tài)The workers left the rest of the work untouched.工人們對(duì)余下的工作動(dòng)都沒有動(dòng)一下。7. causecause sb to do sth 使得/促使/引起某人做某事 What caused him to quit his

30、job? 是什么原因使他辭職的?8. leadlead sb to do sth. 使得/引導(dǎo)某人做某事 What led you to think so? lead sb in doing sth 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)某人/帶領(lǐng)某人干某事. The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up.9. forceforce sb to do sth 迫使/ 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器10. drivedrive sb+adj 使

31、/逼迫某人變成的狀態(tài) The loud noise have driven us mad.drive sb to do sth 迫使/逼迫某人做某事 He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承認(rèn)。drive sb+介詞短語 迫使/逼迫某人進(jìn)入的境地The men drove the young man to the wall. 這幾個(gè)人把這青年人逼得走投無路.11. obligeoblige sb to do sth 使某人(按法律、條約、合約等要求)而必須做某事。The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 這一丑聞迫使部長辭職。

32、12. sendsend sb doing sth 使某人進(jìn)入(特定狀態(tài)); (迫)使某人處于的狀態(tài)The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space.send sb+介詞短語 (迫)使某人進(jìn)入的狀態(tài)The failure sent him into discouragement.send sb to do sth 派某人干某事13. setset sb to do sth 使某人開始或著手做某事 set sb doing sth 使某人開始或著手做某事They set him to mow the lawn. 他們叫他給草坪刈草.Her words set me thinking. 她的話使我深思。set + sb./ sth + adj 使處于(的狀態(tài)) She set the caged bird free. 14. placeplace sb in/into 使某人處于地位/位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a