(高考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié))

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是歷年高考英語(yǔ)的重要考點(diǎn)之一，也是較難掌握的難點(diǎn)之一。它貫穿于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和考試過(guò)程的始終。但是，只要認(rèn)真分析、透徹理解、看透本質(zhì)、準(zhǔn)確把握，就一定能在高考中運(yùn)籌帷幄，游刃有余。一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別簡(jiǎn)表 類(lèi)別區(qū)別to dodoingdone含義主動(dòng)被動(dòng)同位或?qū)?lái)主動(dòng)或（正在）進(jìn)行被動(dòng)或完成成分（名詞）主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)（不定式）定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（動(dòng)名詞）主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)（表用途）(現(xiàn)在分詞)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（過(guò)去分詞）作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)（多表狀態(tài)）否定（not）to do(not)doing(not)done時(shí)態(tài)一般：to do進(jìn)行：to be doing完成：t

2、o have done完成進(jìn)行:to have been doing一般:doing進(jìn)行:本身完成:having done（只作狀語(yǔ)）完成進(jìn)行:無(wú)一般：done進(jìn)行：無(wú)完成：本身 語(yǔ)態(tài)一般被動(dòng)：to be done 進(jìn)行被動(dòng)：無(wú)完成被動(dòng)：to have been done完成進(jìn)行被動(dòng):無(wú)一般被動(dòng):being done 進(jìn)行被動(dòng):本身完成被動(dòng):having been done完成進(jìn)行被動(dòng):無(wú)本身作用作目的狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)二不定式的用法 不定式不可作

3、謂語(yǔ)，但它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)（表用途）、狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。高考對(duì)不定式的考查主要有不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、作用、否定、省略、連詞不定式等。1.作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的動(dòng)作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(說(shuō)是一回事，做是另外一回事。)（2）不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，通常放在謂語(yǔ)之后，用it作形式主語(yǔ)。eg:It is important to learn English well.(學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是重要的。)It is necessary for us

4、 to do the job well.(我們做好這項(xiàng)工作是必要的。)It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒發(fā)表演講是一個(gè)極大的榮幸。)2.作賓語(yǔ)（1）常只用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。 eg:He refused to help me.(他拒絕幫助我.)She has a

5、greed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天來(lái).)(2) 不定式較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，作賓語(yǔ)，也可用it代替，放在后面。 eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑問(wèn)詞不定式to do結(jié)構(gòu)”具有名詞特征，可作賓語(yǔ)。eg:She didnt know whether to go or not. They havent decided when and where to build the school.（4）不定式可作介but,except,besides“除之外”的賓語(yǔ)，介詞前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的任何一種形式，后邊的不定式就無(wú)to,否則必

6、帶to。eg:I want to do nothing but play the computer games。 I have no choice but to wait。3.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)（1）不定式作表語(yǔ)放在be和其他系動(dòng)詞后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。同樣，“特殊疑問(wèn)詞不定式”具有名詞特征，也可作表語(yǔ)。eg:My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing.The first question is how to find a better way to learn English

7、well. (2)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也必須為不定式，結(jié)構(gòu)必須保持一致。eg:To see is to believe.(3)如果主語(yǔ)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，那么作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省去to.eg:The first thing to do is find her. The only thing he could do was tell the truth.4.不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。eg:I have something important to tell you.(不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。) His wish to be an

8、artist has never come true.( 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系。) He is the right man to do the job. ( 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。) The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play with. ( 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。)（注：若不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后須加上相應(yīng)的介詞。)5.不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要是表示目的、條件、原因和結(jié)果，可位于句首或句末，但句首時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。eg:We set off early that morning

9、 to catch the first bus.（目的） To get a good result,she worked very hard.（目的） I feel it an honor to be invited to the party.(條件) She was very happy to get the first prize.(原因) He worked hard only to fail.(結(jié)果)(注：1.不定式常用在so as 或in order后,與它們一起作謂語(yǔ)，表示目的，但so as引起的不定式不可置于句首。eg:In order to avoid mistakes,che

10、ck your homework. 2.不定式表目的常和only連用，往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的結(jié)果。eg:He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.)3“形容詞enough不定式”和“too形容詞或副詞（不表情感）不定式” 也可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 eg:He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone.但“too表情感形容詞（pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等）to do”表示肯定意義，too

11、前面可用only,but等詞修飾。eg:They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他們只是太急于離開(kāi)了。) She is (only) too pleased to go home.(她非常高興可以回家了。)6.不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的完成。賓語(yǔ)與作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。（1）后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg,request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remind,permit,allow,sen

12、d,callon,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on等。eg:She wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster call on us to work hard.（2）動(dòng)詞不定式可作感官動(dòng)詞（五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)即：see,look at,watch,observe,notice，hear,listen to，feel）和使讓動(dòng)詞（let,make,have等）后面的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略，但如果句子變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，必須帶to.表示動(dòng)作的完成。eg:He made them climb the hill. T

13、hey were made to climb the hill.(3)動(dòng)詞不定式可作形容詞的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式可作形容詞的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，句型為：(一)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)（adj為convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent等）to do.(注：to do常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，其中do為vt,主語(yǔ)為to do的賓語(yǔ)。)（二）主語(yǔ)find/think/consider/believe等賓語(yǔ)adjto do.(注：其中to do常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，其中do為vt,主語(yǔ)為to do的賓語(yǔ)。)eg: He is easy to fool. The w

14、oman is easy to work with. He found the job is difficult to work out.（）“特殊疑問(wèn)詞不定式to do”具有名詞特征，可作賓補(bǔ)。(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為show,know,teach,tell等。)eg:Ill tell you how to get there7不定式作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)不定式可以作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ),放在句子前面、中間或末尾。常見(jiàn)的有to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with，to start with,to be short等。eg:To beg

15、in with,I think you are wrong.三動(dòng)名詞用法動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)，有一般式和完成式，有主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ).否定形式在其前面加not.（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示抽象動(dòng)作，指一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。eg:Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby.（2）常只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,mi

16、ss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。eg:I cant imagine marrying her.She managed to escape being punished.以下動(dòng)詞詞組后面只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful time (in)等。eg:Im looking forward to hearing fr

17、om you soon. He gave up smoking three years.(3)動(dòng)名詞可作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可作表語(yǔ)，一般為主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容.表示一般性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。在概念上可以和主語(yǔ)劃等號(hào)。把主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)倒過(guò)來(lái)，句子的基本含義不變。eg:His hobby is painting.(4)動(dòng)名詞可作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可作定語(yǔ)，表示所修飾事物的功能或用途。eg:He often studies in the reading room.四現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞具有動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。1作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)v-ing放在被修飾的名詞前；如果短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，則放在所修飾詞的后

18、面。v-ing作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在同時(shí)進(jìn)行或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生。eg:the falling leavesthe leaves which are falling the rising sunthe sun which is rising I saw him go into the house facing south.2作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing或其短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)可由連詞while或when引出。eg:Hearing the news,they got excited.(時(shí)間)Having finish

19、ed his homework,she was playing on the playground.(原因)Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize.(條件)3作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語(yǔ)與作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。后面常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞（五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel）使讓動(dòng)詞（have,get）以及其他類(lèi)動(dòng)詞leave,keep,catch,set等。表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。eg:I saw them playing

20、 games on the playground yesterday. Dont leave him waiting outside the room.作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞，常表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，含有主動(dòng)意味。大多數(shù)使動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞通?？勺鞅碚Z(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasing,exciting,moving,disappointing,surpring,encouraging等。eg:His story was very moving. The speech is really boring.作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)可以

21、作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ),放在句子前面、中間或末尾。注：“連詞+doing短語(yǔ)”一般情況下，分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系而不能根據(jù)語(yǔ)法特征來(lái)判定它是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)或讓步狀語(yǔ)等。因此，有時(shí)會(huì)遇到很難判斷其歸屬的情形。但如果在其前加上when,if,once,since等連詞，就會(huì)很清楚地表明狀語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)。對(duì)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，也可作另外的解釋?zhuān)丛谶B詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。五過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞既有副詞的特征又有動(dòng)詞的特征，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。（1）作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，它和被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)、完成關(guān)系，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)放在前，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在后。其中及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

22、分詞表示完成或被動(dòng)概念，不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表示完成概念，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的意味。eg:the risen sun the sun which has risen fallen leavesleaves which has fallen This is the house built several years ago.This is the house which was built sveral years ago.(2)作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它和被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。它在句中可以作時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式、讓步和伴隨狀語(yǔ)。eg:Tired out,they st

23、opped to have a rest.(原因) Taken around the city,we were impressed by the citys new look. Though warned of the danger ,he still went skating on the thin ice. (3)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，和賓語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表狀態(tài)和完成。(1)可以帶過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞（五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)），使役動(dòng)詞have,get,make等，以及其他類(lèi)動(dòng)keep,leave,like,want,wish等。eg:I cant

24、 get the car going. I had my leg broken last week. （4）作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)常是人，一般用來(lái)表示感受和狀態(tài)，可以用作表語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有：astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,interested,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset等,有些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)實(shí)際上已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。如：be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,

25、be dressed in,be seated,be locked等。能用這些分詞作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞有be,get,remain,stay等。eg:The door remained locked. We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech.六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)為“名詞或代詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞” 或“with名詞/代詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”。在語(yǔ)法上是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的短語(yǔ)，不是句子（即：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致，須保留之后所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)）?？煞旁诰涫谆蚓湮病?一) 名詞或代詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（1）名詞/代詞不定式名詞或代詞通常為動(dòng)作的

26、執(zhí)行者，與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，可位于句首或句末。eg:He will send me 100 first,the rest to follow in a year.(2) 名詞/代詞現(xiàn)在分詞名詞或代詞通常為現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。eg:Time permiting,we finish the work.(表?xiàng)l件) Spring coming on,the trees turns green.(表時(shí)間)（3）名詞/代詞過(guò)去分詞名詞或代詞通常為過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或系表關(guān)系。eg: The sigal given

27、,the bus started. Their strength exhausted,they sank down one by one.(表原因)（二）with名詞/代詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（1）with名詞/代詞不定式不定式和賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。eg:With nothing to do,they went out for a walk.（表原因） (2)with名詞/代詞現(xiàn)在分詞賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。eg:The boy slept with the light burning.（表伴隨）(3) with名詞/代詞過(guò)去分詞不定式和賓

28、語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。eg:They stayed inside with the door locked.（表伴隨）七非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別問(wèn)題（一）動(dòng)詞后接to do不定式還是doing動(dòng)名詞的情況：（1）只能接to do不定式的動(dòng)詞有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。（2）常只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider（考慮）d

29、islike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。（3）動(dòng)詞后二者都可跟，意義不同的有：remember to do sth 記起要做某事remember doing sth 記起做過(guò)某事forget to do sth 忘記要做某事forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事regret to do sth 后悔要做某事regret doing sth 后悔做過(guò)某事go on to do sth 接著做另外一件事go on doing sth 接著做同一件事stop

30、to do sth 停下來(lái)開(kāi)始做另外一件某事stop doing sth 停止做正在做的某事try to do sth 盡力做某事try doing sth 試著做某事mean to do sth 打算（意欲，企圖）做某事mean doing sth 意味著做某事cant help （to） do sth 不能幫忙做某事cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 （4）動(dòng)詞后二者都可跟，意義相同的有：begin,start,like,love,prefer,hate等。但是區(qū)別在于：后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，后接不定式時(shí)表示的是具體的特定的動(dòng)作。eg:I like playi

31、ng football,but I dont like play now.重點(diǎn)提示：在下列情況下begin和start后只接不定式：.主語(yǔ)是物不是人。eg:Spring came on and the snow began to melt.二者用于進(jìn)行時(shí) eg:Its begin to rain.二者后接表示心理活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。 eg:I began to realize how stupid I was.二者后接不定式的被動(dòng)式。 eg:The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.（二）“感官動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)（to do

32、 sth/doing sth）”的區(qū)別感官動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)（to do sth）表示事實(shí)或全過(guò)程感官動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)（doing sth）表示片段或進(jìn)行eg:The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground just now.(三)個(gè)別“使讓動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”的特別詞的用法1）have賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ) have賓語(yǔ)do“讓做某事”，不定式作賓補(bǔ)可以指現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)或可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。eg:They had me repeat the message. I wont ha

33、ve you say such things. I wont have you blame it on me.have賓語(yǔ)doing “讓一直做某事”，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)可以表示主語(yǔ)有意讓別人去做或無(wú)意引起某人可能去做或表示遭遇。eg:Tom tried to have her talking.But no use. I wont have you speaking to your parents like that. (注：have賓語(yǔ)doing 用于否定句，have有容忍之意。) Why should we have the boy standing in the corner the who

34、le morning.have賓語(yǔ)done “使被做”過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)可表示主語(yǔ)有意識(shí)的行為或表示“遭遇”、“經(jīng)歷”（動(dòng)作違背主語(yǔ)的意愿）eg:We ought to have her examined by a doctor. The old woman had her handbag stolen.2）get賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)get賓語(yǔ)to do(have賓語(yǔ)do) “讓做某事”有時(shí)則是“說(shuō)服/勸說(shuō)某人做某事”eg:I will get the publisher to illustrate(加上插圖) the book. get賓語(yǔ)doing“使（靜的物體）動(dòng)起來(lái)”，具有進(jìn)行含義。eg:I shal

35、l soon get the machine working.3）get賓語(yǔ)done“讓被做”用法與have賓語(yǔ)done基本相同。eg:He got his wrist broken.習(xí)題練習(xí)：(2011全國(guó)卷I) 27. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B.rising C. to rise D. risen（2011全國(guó)卷II）15. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to jo

36、in C.joined D. having joined（2011全國(guó)卷II）18Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say D.saying（2011北京卷）25. Its important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated（2011北京卷）33. Sit down, Emma. You wil

37、l only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept(2011上海卷) 27. Its no use _ without taking action.A. complainB. complaining C. being complainedD. to be complained(2011上海卷) 32. The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. sa

38、vedB. savingC. to be saved D. having saved(2011上海卷) 33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, _ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realized C. realizingD. being realized(2011上海卷) 40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _

39、 the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lost D. having lost（2011山東卷）27. Look over theretheres a very long, winding path_ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead（2011江西卷）32. On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately

40、rushed home from office.A. saysB. said C. sayingD. to say（2011江蘇卷）31. Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared（2011安徽卷）30. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make t

41、he chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break（2011浙江卷）14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost（2011浙江卷）19. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthu

42、siastic supporters. A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheered D. were cheered（2011福建卷）23. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version ma

43、kes the iPad 2 more comfortable _. A.held B. holding C.be held D.to hold（2011四川卷）2. Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study（2011四川卷）11. Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep

44、（2011四川卷）16. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer（2011遼寧卷）30. _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _ only

45、one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried（2011天津卷）12._ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated（2011陜西卷）14.Claire had luggage _ an hour befo

46、re her plane left. A.check B. checking C. to check D. checked（2011陜西卷）20.More highways have been built in China, _it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made（2011重慶卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be prod

47、uced _peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised（2011重慶卷）33. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. renmind(2011湖南卷)21 . The ability _an idea is as important as the

48、idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed(2011湖南卷)23.The players_from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected(2011湖南卷)29 .Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start

49、a new day? A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt25. （10福建）Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.高考資源網(wǎng)A. sendingB. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 25. 34. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the vo

50、lcanic ash cloud. A. stickingB. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 33. （10上海）Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. Approaching B.

51、Approached C. To approach D. To be approached40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce30. （10安徽） He had a wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the world A. travel B. to travelC. traveled D. tra

52、veling21. （10湖南） Listen! Do you hear someone for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle30. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered24 （10江西）The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains.A keep B kept C keeping D to kee