中考英語語法講解資料及練習(xí)1

1、中考英語語法講解資料及練習(xí)（共18講）第1講：名詞名詞當(dāng)然是大家都很熟悉的了，我們吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名詞。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、名詞作定語以及名詞所有格等問題搞得糊里糊涂的，到底該怎么用呢？OK,follow me。 First, 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。 普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名詞不聽話，變化不規(guī)則。這些小調(diào)皮是： a. class, box, watch, brush等詞以 s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)要加-es； b. story, factory 等以輔音字母

2、+y結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y 變成-i再加-es； c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v, 再加-es； d. 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，一般來說，末尾是元音字母+o 的詞加-s，我們學(xué)過的有radio,zoo。末尾是輔音字母+o的詞，變復(fù)數(shù)加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，當(dāng)然其中的piano 和photo，又是一個例外，他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。 e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化

3、全不遵循規(guī)則。 注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans；f. deer，sheep等詞更是懶得可以，竟然單復(fù)數(shù)同形。好記好記。 people，police，cattle 等詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)數(shù)，所以它們的謂語當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式，這就是集體名詞。the English，the French，the Chinese等名詞表示國民總稱時，也作復(fù)數(shù)用。 注意：maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞,雖然以-s結(jié)尾

4、，仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnited States(美國），the United Nations（聯(lián)合國）等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。 別奇怪，名詞有時也可以作定語的。它作定語時一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。 a. man, woman等作定語時，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。 b. 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹。 哇！這些問題好復(fù)雜，我好想輕松一下。那我們就輕輕松松地面對名詞所有格問題。 這里面內(nèi)容可謂少之又少，可也不能

5、小視呦。 名詞所有格： 表示“的”通常是在名詞的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s結(jié)尾的名詞因為已經(jīng)有s了，只需加 就OK了。如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s，.則表示“分別有”。.如：Johns and Marys room（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；兩個名詞并列，只有一個s，則表示共有。如：John and Marys room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）。還有些無生命名詞的所屬要用介詞of來幫助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。 好，名詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完，Its a piece of cake? 接

6、下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時間了， Are you ready? 練習(xí)： 1. All the _teachers and_students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl 2. Mr Black is a friend of _. A. Jacks aunts B. Jacks aunt C. Jack aunts D. aunts of Jack 3. This toy was made by a _ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten-y

7、ears-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4. The farmer raised ten _. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_. A. her grandmother B. her grandmothers C. her grandmothers D. that of her grandmother 6. We have moved into a _. A. two- storey house B.

8、house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house 7. The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel 8. Well give our English teacher a card for _. A. the Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. a Teachers Day D. Teachers Day 9. Li Ping

9、 met an old friend of _on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 10. _are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms windows 實戰(zhàn)： 1. Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. This nice b

10、louse isnt mine. Its _. A. you B. your C. Lucy D. yours 3. Whats potato in Chinese?Its _ . A. 香蕉 B. 大白菜 C. 西紅柿 D. 土豆 4. The ninth month of a year is _. A. December B. November C. September D. October 5. A: Must I leave now? B: No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont 6. We have a history lesso

11、n _Wednesday afternoon. A. on B. of C. at D. to 7. Suan has made quite _friends since she came to China. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 8. A: Have you ever _to the West Lake? B: Yes, I _there last winter. A. gone, went B. been, went C. gone , have been D. been, have 9. Do you _English? A. tel

12、l B. say C. talk D. speak 10. A: May I _your ruler? B: OK, Im glad to _it to you. A. lend, borrow B. lend, lend C. borrow , lend D. borrow, borrow 11. Well go to the museum if it _tomorrow. A. cant rain B. wont rain C. dont rain D. doesnt rian 12. Do you know _? A. where does he study B. he studies

13、where C. where he studies D. he where studies 13. A: _do you go to see your grandparents? B: Once a month A. How often B. How long C. how much D. how many 14. A: Would you like another cup of orange? B: _Im full. A. No, thanks B. Yes, please. C. Here it is. D. I dont like. 15. You must be tired. Why

14、 not _a rest? A. to stop to have B. stop having C. stop to have D. to stop having第2講：代詞我們剛剛講完了名詞，現(xiàn)在再來看看名詞的brother代詞。它與名詞的作用其實很相似，所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渲谐煞忠蚕嗖畈欢唷?但也別小看代詞呀！它還有很多的“小個性”呢！只要抓住它的幾個“小脾氣”，那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。 代詞中第一個“小個性”就是物主代詞。像my和mine這兩個小冤家總是讓人分不清誰是誰。但你只要記住它們最重要的區(qū)別my的后面一定要接名詞，不可以單獨出現(xiàn)，只能做定語，如：my father；而 mine則是名詞

15、性，只能單獨出現(xiàn)，在句中做主語和表語。如：Mine is green. Its mine. 記住這兩個句子，凡是名詞性物主代詞（yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs）就都可以放在mine的位置上了。這樣，通過它們出現(xiàn)的位置不同，我們就可以把它們區(qū)別開了。 代詞的第二個“羅嗦”就是它有一個小跟班self(selves)反身代詞，也就是表示“自己、親自”的意思。關(guān)于反身代詞，需要注意的是她不能單獨做主語，但可以放在人稱代詞后面，做同位語。如：Marry herself said so. 瑪麗她自己這么說的。（不能說Herself said so.）下面我給你開點小

16、灶，單獨講一講須“特特”注意的地方。 Of+名詞性物主代詞：of +物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格。公式為：a（an, this, that ）+名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。牢記公式，舉一反三。因為物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等詞一起前置，修飾一個名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。如： a friend of mine（我的一個朋友），each brother of his（他的每一個兄弟）. some, any的用法：我們都知道some用于肯定句中，而any則用于否定句和疑

17、問句中。 所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone則用于否定和疑問句中。 注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要來點咖啡嗎？）這樣的肯定疑問句中，說話人認為對方的答案會是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答時，用some而不用any。 every 和each的用法：every 強調(diào)全體的概念，指三個以上的人或物(含三個)，不可單獨使用；each強調(diào)個體概念。指兩個以上的人或物 (含兩個)，可單獨使用.。Every student in our school works hard.（我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。） Each student m

18、ay have one book. （每個學(xué)生都可有一本書。） both, either, neither的用法： both意為“兩者全都”，與復(fù)數(shù)連用。either意為“兩者中間的任何一個”，neither 表示“兩者之間一個也不是”，與單數(shù)連用。如：Both of the them come from London。他們兩人都是倫敦人。 You may take either with you。 兩個中間你隨便帶哪個都行。 Neither is correct。 兩個都不對。 Few，a few和little，a little的用法： Few，a few用來代替和修飾可數(shù)名詞，little

19、，a little用來代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞;a few和a little 著重肯定意思，相當(dāng)于漢語“有幾個”，“有一點兒”；few和little 著重否定意思，相當(dāng)于漢語 “沒有幾個”，“沒有多少” OK，代詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完，Its a piece of cake? 接下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時間了， Are you ready? 練習(xí)： 1. We had plenty of paper but_ink. A. a few B. few C. not many D. not much 2. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult

20、 for those who have have never learned _before. A. one B. it C. them D. that 3. Were very busy because weve so _books to read and so _homework to do every day. A. much . many B. many . much C. many . a lot D. a lot . much 4. I thought _of the matter but still couldnt find out the reason. A. every B.

21、 both C. nothing D. everything 5. My car is not so expensive as _. A. him B. hes C. he D. his 6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _students arent here yet. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 7. There are high buildings on _side of the street. A. both B. every C. any D.either 8. What do you

22、usually have for breakfast? _eggs and _milk. A Little . a few B. A little . a little C. A few . a little D. A few . a few 9. _ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 10. Is this story the same as _in that book? A. the one B. what C.

23、 that D. it 實戰(zhàn)： 1. There is _old woman in the car. A. 不填 B. the C. a D. an 2. We often go to the park _Sundays. A. on B. in C. at D. from 3. My book _on the desk. A. is B. am C. are D. be 4. Which language is _, English, French or Chinese? A. difficult B. the difficult C. more difficult D. the most

24、difficult 5. _book is this? Its Kates. A. when B. Why C. Where D. whose 6.Can you write a letter in English? No, I _. A. may not B. mustnt C. cant D. neednt 7. I _my homework when Mike came last night. A. do B. was doing C. am doing D. have done 8. He began to _English three years ago. A. learn B. l

25、earns C. learned D. learning 9. Jim is a driver, _he? A. does B. doesnt C. is D. isnt 10. Whats wrong _you? the doctor asked. A. from B. with C. for D. at 11. He is rich, _he isnt happy. A. or B. so C. and D. but 12.Where is Alice? She _to the library. A. goes B. will go C. has gone D. had gone 13.

26、Help _to some fish, Mary. My aunt said to me. A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself 14. Well stay at home if it _tomorrow. A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. will rain 15. The students _on a farm for ten days. Then they_to a factory. Though they_back school, they still remember those farm

27、ers and workers. A. have stayed, went , was B. had stayed, go , are C. have stayed, go, have been D. have stayed, went, were第3講：形容詞Spring is coming. The trees are green, and the flowers arebeautiful. 多么美的季節(jié)啊！我們要去郊游, 去感受、去描繪我們周圍美好的事物。形容詞會幫你忙?？墒切稳菰~怎么使用起來老出錯呀？不是放錯了位置，搞錯了級別，就是在使用多個形容詞作定語時排錯了順序。當(dāng)然了，形容詞使用

28、時需要遵循一些規(guī)則的。想知道嗎？接著往下看。 a beautiful little new white wooden house 從這個長長的詞中可以看出多個形容詞作 定語時排列有一定的先后順序。它們往往遵循以下規(guī)律：冠詞或人稱代詞所有格+數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+大小+形狀+表示老少、新舊+顏色+事物質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。其實,你大可不必這樣費神記,只要記住我給你的句子就可以了。 There is something wrong with my bike。這句話可能讓你撓撓頭皮，為什么wrong放在 something的后面呢？原來雖然大部分形容詞做定語時的位置是放在名詞之前的，但當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞為so

29、mething，anything，nothing，everything等以-thing為字尾的詞語時，形容詞要后置。 形容詞級別問題： a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。（我們的教室是他們的兩倍。）這種表示倍數(shù)的句子用 times +形容詞比較級+than 這樣的格式。你記住了嗎？ b. Im three years older than you.（我比你大三歲。）表示大三歲，高二厘米等時用表示數(shù)量詞的詞+比較級。 c.越來越用比較級+and +比較級來表示。如：The earth is getting warmer and warmer

30、。（地球變得越來越暖和。） d.越就越用the +比較級，the+比較級來表示。如： The busier he is，the happier he feels。(他越忙，越覺得高興。) 最高級用法的用法就很簡單了，提醒你一點，最高級要用于三者以上。還有幾點是不得不提的： alone 和lonely：I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你獨自一人在家用 alone 表示單獨的、獨自一人的，它表示一個客觀事實，在句中只能做表語。你在家感到寂寞， 用lonely，表示主觀上感到 孤獨寂寞，指一種悲傷憂郁的情緒，可作定語和表語。 older和elde

31、r: Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克比我大要用older，表示年紀(jì)大的，年老的，常用做表語；他是我的長兄用elder，表示年老的，年長的，用做定語，只用于比較兩個人的長幼，只能作表語。 接下來又到了我們趁熱打鐵的時間了，你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？ 練習(xí)： 1. Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2. Which is the _country, J

32、apan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 3. How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great.We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 4. The books are not

33、_ to be published. A. enough intersting B. interesting enough C. so interesting D. too interesting 5.Whats your _sports? A. the most favorite B. most favorite C. favorite D. the favorite 6.Theres _ with the recorder A. anything wrong B. wrong anything C. something wrong D.wrong something 7. His sist

34、er is _than he . A. younger five years B. five years younger C. five year younge D. five younger years 8.We should speak English in and after class. Yes, _, _. A. more , better B. the more, the bette C. much, better D. the often, the better 9. The old man lives alone, he feels _. A. alone B. lonely

35、C. lone D. alonely 10. I think bananas are _of all the fruits. A. delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. the most delicious 實戰(zhàn)： 1. Whats this in English? Its _apple. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 2. I was born _February 18, 1981. A. on B. in C. at D. of 3. There isnt _water in the glass. A. some

36、 B. lots C. many D. any 4. _do you watch TV? Twice a week. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How many 5. I have two pencils, one is long, _is short. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 6. They are poor, _they are always happy. A. and B. but C. or D. so 7. _beautiful the flowers are! A. H

37、ow B. What C. How a D. What a 8. Do you _English? Only a little. A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk 9. There are about _students in our grade. A. two hundreds and twenty-five B. two hundreds and twenty five C. two hundred and twenty-five D. two hundred twenty-five 10. His name is Robert Thomas Brown. T

38、he students call him _. A. Mr Robert B. Mr Thomas C. Mr Thomas Brown D. Mr Brown 11. Your books are here, where are _? A. my B. mine C. I D. me 12. She will write to me sa soom as she _in Paris. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arriving D arrives 13. Its a fine day, _? Yes, lets go out for a walk. A. is

39、it B. it is C. isnt it D. it isnt 14. Could you tell us_? A. when will the meeting start B. when the meeting will start C. the meeting will start when D. then meeting when will start 15. My bike is broken, can you mend it? Sorry, _. A. I cant B. I wont C. I can D. I dont 第4講：副詞學(xué)完了形容詞，副詞講解起來會更容易一些。一般

40、認為形容詞+ly就變成了副詞，如形容詞quick加上-ly變成副詞quickly。但是象friendly , lovely 雖然以 ly 結(jié)尾，但實則是形容詞，She is friendly to me (她對我很友好。)可千萬不要誤認為是副詞喲！ 副詞可修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞，這些用法相信大家已經(jīng)掌握。那我們挑選一下易混、易用錯的來詳細講解一下。 already 和 yet ： Where is Tom? He hasnt come yet. But Jack is already here . 這句話中又是 already，又有yet，是怎么回事嗎？原來already和yet意思雖然相同，

41、但用法有點小區(qū)別。表示事情早已發(fā)生或提前發(fā)生用 already，一般放于句中，用于肯定句和疑問句。含有already的肯定句，變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，要將already 變?yōu)閥et，且放在句尾。yet表示預(yù)料要發(fā)生的事未發(fā)生，位于句尾，一般用于否定句和疑問句中。 還迷糊嗎？再迷糊，只好再看一看上面的例句嘍。 hard 和 hardly： hard，hardly 兩者雖然只有-ly之差，意義卻大不相同。hard表示辛苦，使勁，努力，如：He works very hard.(他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。) 而hardly為否定副詞，表示幾乎不。如：The box is so heavy that he could h

42、ardly carry it .（這箱子是那么沉，他幾乎搬不動。） ago 和 before： ago 不能單獨使用，應(yīng)與three days (months , weeks)等連用, 而且和動詞的過去時連用。如： I met my neighbour an hour ago. Before 之前有一段時間時，指距這段時間以前，和過去完成時連用。如：He said he had finished the work two days before.（他說他兩天前已完成了工作。） 如果before單獨使用，是泛指以前，常常和完成時連用。如：I have seen the film before.（

43、我以前沒看過這部電影。） farther 和 further: far 有兩種比較級，farther，further. 在英語中兩者都可指距離。如： He runs farther than she does.（他比她跑得遠。）在美語中，farther 表示距離，further表示進一步。 如： I have nothing further to say.（我沒什么要說的了。） 至于副詞的比較級和最高級問題，參照形容詞的就OK了。 試試趁熱打鐵如何？ 練習(xí)： 1. The teacher was very angry and decided to send _school, so he was

44、nt a student any longer. A. away him from B. him away from the C. away him out of D. him away from 2. _, he didnt fail in the English exam. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Luckly 3.Are you feeling _? Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better 4. The more we looked at the pi

45、cture, _. A. the less we liked it B. we like it less C. better we like it D. it looked better 5. After the new machine was introduced，the factory produced _ shoes in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 6. Our English needs to be_improved. A. f

46、arther B. farthest C. further D. far 7. What a pity! Lucy ran _ more slowly than Lily. A. a few B. much C. a little D. little 8. He is running _now. A. more slowly and more slowly B. slowlier and slowlier C. more and more slowly D. slowly and slowly 9. Last night my father went back _later than befo

47、re. A. quite B. very C. even D. much more 10.The sick man was too thin to go any _. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 實戰(zhàn)： 1. The answer is nice and soft. Shall I _the shopkeeper if I can try it on? A. ask B. answer C. speak D. tell 2. Tickets, please. May I _your ticket please, madam? A. show

48、 B. watch C. find D.see 3. Its not good to _when you are waiting for a bus. A. stand in line B. get on well C. jump the queue D. wait for your turn 4. Its hard to count the monkeys, theyre running and jumping_. A. at times B. all the time C. more or less D. right away 5. Im sorry, weve _the shoes in

49、 your size. A. paid for B. put on C. sold out D. put away 6. Weihuas pen was_, so she needed a new one. A. broken B. long C. cheap D. here 7. You can often buy things from their shop _home. A. of the way B. by the way C. another way of D. on your way 8. The teacher in the school library is very_. Yo

50、u must return your library book on time! A. kind B. lonely C. strict D. polite 9. Thanks to man-make satellite, the world itself is becoming a much smaller_. A. space B. place C. room D. universe 10. I like the sweater, but it _too much. A. uses B. takes C. costs D. spends 11. Father Christmas lands on top