高中英語(yǔ)必修四第1-5單元重點(diǎn)詞匯及語(yǔ)法(完整版)

1、Unit 1 Women of achievement1achieve v. 完成，達(dá)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)，獲得 achievement：n.完成；達(dá)到；成績(jī)；成就e.g He will never achieve anything if he doesnt work hard.不努力工作他什么也做不成。 The company has achieved a 100% increase in profitability.這個(gè)公司在利潤(rùn)方面獲得了百分之百的增長(zhǎng)We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountai

2、n.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，我們有一種很大的成就感。2connection: 聯(lián)系；關(guān)系；連接物；連接，聯(lián)結(jié)(with/between) Pl. 親屬；親戚e.g There is a strong connection between smoking and heart disease.吸煙和心臟病之間有很大的聯(lián)系。 The company has a connection with a number of Japanese firms.這個(gè)公司和日本的好多公司有聯(lián)系。This town has very good road and railway connections with the c

3、oast.這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)和海岸之間有著很好的公路及鐵路連接。 She s English but she has Irish connections.她是英格蘭人但她有愛爾蘭的親戚。in connection with: 有關(guān)e.g In connection with your request of March 3, we are sorry to tell you that we cant give you a reply until the manager comes back next week.關(guān)于你三月三日的請(qǐng)求，很抱歉地告訴你直到下 周經(jīng)理回來我們才能給你答復(fù)。3devote to 獻(xiàn)

4、身于;致力于；把奉獻(xiàn)于 devoted: adj. 忠實(shí)的 devotion: n. 熱愛，忠誠(chéng)e.g He has devoted all his life to helping blind people. 他一生都在幫助盲人。 He is my devoted friend. He is also devoted to his wife.他是我忠實(shí)的朋友，他對(duì)自己的妻子也很忠誠(chéng)。4behave: v. 行為，表現(xiàn) behavior :n. e.g She has been behaving rather oddly. 他舉止很奇怪。 Behave yourself.做你自己。5worthw

5、hile : adj. 值得的e.g We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the ticket.我們等了很久，不過很值得，因?yàn)槲覀兊玫搅似薄?worthwhile: 值得花時(shí)間/精力/金錢 worth: 值得尊敬的/重視的 be worth+ n. /doing worthy: （表語(yǔ)形容詞）值得的 be worthy of +n./being done;be worthy to be done 1). This vase was _ five hundred francs at the most. 2). Ever

6、ybody has roots. It is _ to search for his roots. 3). She proved herself a _ successor of the former champion. 4). This book is well _ reading and it is _ of being read a second time.Keys: 1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worthy 4). worth; worthy6observe: v. 看到，注意到；遵守/奉行 observe sb. do/doing sth. observ

7、e thate.g I observed a stranger going into the house.我看見一個(gè)陌生人走進(jìn)這個(gè)房子。 Do you often observe the speed limit?7respect: n. v. 尊敬，尊重e.g We should respect each other. 我們應(yīng)該互相尊重respectful: 恭敬的，對(duì)人有禮的 respectable; 受/被人尊重e.g He is a respectful student. He respects the teachers.他是個(gè)對(duì)人有禮貌的學(xué)生，他尊敬老師。 He is respecta

8、ble teacher. He is respected by all his students.他是個(gè)受人尊敬的老師，他所有學(xué)生都尊重他。8argue 爭(zhēng)論；辯論；說服Argument: n. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論argue for / argue against 主張反對(duì) argue about sth. 爭(zhēng)論某事argue with sb. 和某人爭(zhēng)論 argue sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事e.g He often argues with me.他常和我爭(zhēng)論。e.g She argued him into/out of leaving his job.她說服他離職。e.

9、g His argument doesnt hold water.他的爭(zhēng)論站不住腳。9inspire 激勵(lì)，鼓舞；賦予靈感 inspire sb. to do 激勵(lì)某人做某事inspired adj有靈感的 inspiringadj.激勵(lì)人心的 inspiration: n. 靈感e.g He tried to inspire them to make greater efforts.他試著鼓勵(lì)它們做出更大努力。eg. His speech inspired us greatly. 他的演講大大地鼓舞了我們。eg. The memory of his childhood inspired hi

10、s first novel.他對(duì)童年的記憶促成了他第一部小說。10support : v. 承受；支撐；撫養(yǎng)，資助；贊成，支持；supporter: n. 支持者e.g Do you think those shelves can support so many books?你認(rèn)為那些架子能承受這么多書嗎？She needs a high income to support such a large family.她需要高收入來養(yǎng)活這一大家子。Do you support their demands of independence? 你支持他們獨(dú)立的要求嗎？e.g Im a strong su

11、pporter of womens rights.我是女權(quán)的強(qiáng)烈支持者。11deliver: v. 傳送；把.踢向；發(fā)表，宣布；給接生 delivery: n.e.g Letters are delivered every day.信件每天都會(huì)傳送。 She delivered a hard kick to his knee.她狠狠地踢了他膝蓋一下。 The doctor delivered her baby.醫(yī)生給她接生。12mean的用法 mean doing sth. 意味著做 mean to do sth 打算做某事eg. Doing such a thing means wastin

12、g time. 做這樣的事兒就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間eg. Do you mean to go without money? 沒有錢你也打算走嗎？13wander的用法 1）可以解釋為漫步，逛，常與about搭配 e.g We love wandering about the hills 我們喜歡在山上漫步。2）還可以解釋為脫離，迷失 e.g Dont wander off the point 不要離題。14“Only + 狀語(yǔ)”開頭的句子要用倒裝 eg. Only in this way can we learn English better.只有用這種方法才能把英語(yǔ)學(xué)更好。Only then did

13、I realize my mistake. 直到那時(shí)我才知道我的錯(cuò)誤 15work out算出；進(jìn)行；發(fā)展；理解，說出；制定，擬定eg. I cant work out the meaning of the poem.我不理解這首詩(shī)的意思。 Things have worked out badly. 事情進(jìn)展得很糟糕。 work out his income. 算出他的收入 work out a plan 制定計(jì)劃16have/ has been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從過去就已開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去 eg. He has been reading since t

14、his morning.今早起，他一直在看書 He is very tired; he has been working hard all day .他很累，他一整天都在努力工作He has been writing a letter.他一直在寫信 He has written a letter.他已寫過信了【語(yǔ)法精講】：主謂一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分為:語(yǔ)法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.(一) 語(yǔ)法一致原則: 即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用

15、單數(shù),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù). 1. 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).如: Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。

16、2. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位詩(shī)人兼作家來了.(一個(gè)人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語(yǔ)), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)), 或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如:Serving the people is

17、 my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。4. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席.Each man and (each) woman i

18、s asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。We each has something to say.我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。6. 若主語(yǔ)中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball.

19、許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。7. none 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人無完人。None of this worries me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)

20、. 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國(guó)名如: the United States; 報(bào)紙名如: the New Times; 書名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10. “a/one +名詞+and a half “, “on

21、e and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。(二) 內(nèi)容一致原則: 1.主語(yǔ)中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:The rest of the bikes are

22、 on sale today. 剩下的自行車， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如:A part of t

23、he textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3. 加減乘除用單數(shù).如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, catt

24、le 等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如: The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, committee, government, 6. the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如:The injured were saved after the fire. 大火過后這些受傷的人被救了。(三) 就近原則1. 由

25、here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽車來了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在這兒的時(shí)候, 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2. 用連詞or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在

26、數(shù)上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意: one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中, 定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。Mary is the

27、 only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。Unit 2 the working land1. struggle for sb/sth 為某人/某事奮斗 All the communists should struggle for the communism all their life. 所有的共產(chǎn)主義者都要為共產(chǎn)主義事業(yè)奮斗終身。2. decade n十年，十年期During the last decade，great changes took place in this city.過去十年，這個(gè)城市發(fā)生了很大的變化3.

28、This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的土地增產(chǎn)三分之一成為可能。 make itto do sth 使做某事4.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多虧了他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了寫方法。 1）thanks to 由于，多虧。通常用于好的方面 owin

29、g to 由于?？梢宰鰻钫Z(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，在做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一般要在該狀語(yǔ)后面加上逗號(hào) due to由于。做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不置于句首，也可以做表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 because of由于，因?yàn)?。?yīng)用最廣，也更口語(yǔ)化。 Eg：Owing to his careless driving, we had a bad accident.由于他駕駛疏忽，我們發(fā)生了次大車禍 Your failure is due to negligence.你的失敗是由于疏忽所造成的。 Because of his wifes being there,I said nothing about it.因?yàn)樗拮釉趫?chǎng)，我對(duì)此事只字未提 2） rid

30、of 擺脫，除去 get rid of 擺脫 eg：It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit.去掉一種壞習(xí)慣是很不容易的5. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民種出的糧食是以前的兩倍。 倍數(shù)+as +adj.（large/many/beautiful，etc）+as 是的幾倍（大/多/漂亮.，等等）Eg：This room is as large as that one. 這間房和那間一樣大。 The pop

31、ulation is 1.5 times as large as that of a decade ago.人口是十年前的1.5倍。6. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous.袁博士很滿意他的生活，但他對(duì)自己的成名卻不在乎。 1）satisfy v 使?jié)M意 Eg：The answer doesnt satisfy him.這個(gè)回答不讓他滿意。 satisfied adj. 滿意的，滿足的 ，常修飾人 be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 eg：His i

32、s greatly satisfied with her work. 他對(duì)她的工作很滿意。 satisfying adj.令人滿足的, 令人滿意的，常修飾物 eg：That performance seems satisfying.那個(gè)表現(xiàn)看起來令人滿意。 satisfaction n.滿意，滿足 eg：His words showed his great satisfaction. 他的話顯示他很滿意。 2）care about sth/doing sth 對(duì)關(guān)心，在乎，感興趣Eg：He doesnt care about his sons study.他不關(guān)心他兒子的學(xué)習(xí)。7.He wou

33、ld rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的愛好上 would rather do （than do） 寧愿做某事eg：He would rather stay at home than go shopping 他寧愿呆在家也不愿意去購(gòu)物。 rather than 與其寧愿 eg：Rather than cause trouble, he left. 為了不引起麻煩，他離開了。ratherthan 是而不是eg：This is rather for father to decide than for you. 這應(yīng)該由爸爸決定而不是由你來決定

34、had / would rather 寧愿eg：Id rather stay here a couple of days. 我想在這兒再呆幾天注意：“had / would rather 寧愿”后跟從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即過去式would / had ratherthan 寧愿而不愿 eg：Id much rather deal with a man than with a woman. 我愿意和男人打交道，不愿和女人打交道。8. regret to do sth忘了做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做某事 eg：I regret to give the book to h

35、im.我忘了把書給他。 I regret giving the book to him. 我后悔把書給他了。9.build up 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā) He has built up a good business over the years.這幾年他逐漸把聲音做大了。10.lead to 1）導(dǎo)致，造成（后悔）， His carelessness lead to the failure.他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這次失敗。2）通向，導(dǎo)向 This road leads to the woods. 這條路通向樹林。11.focus on 集中（注意力，精力等）于 Eg：All his energy is

36、 focused on the research.他所有精力都集中在這項(xiàng)研究上。12. prefer sth/doing sth （to sth/doing sth） 選擇（而不是） Eg：I prefer singing to dancing.我選擇唱歌而不是跳舞。prefer to do （rather than do）更喜歡做 She prefers to study at home than go to shop. 與其去商店，她更愿意在家寫作業(yè)。 Unit 3 A Taste of English Humour1. humour n.幽默，滑稽a sense of humor 幽默感

37、2. up to now 直到現(xiàn)在eg：Up to now nobody has claimed this suitcase.到目前為止還沒人認(rèn)領(lǐng)這個(gè)行李箱。3. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.當(dāng)人們感到沮喪的時(shí)候，他可以使他們開懷大笑，于是人們就對(duì)自己的生活感到比較滿足。feel/be content with 對(duì)。感到滿意 eg：She feels quite content with her life.她對(duì)她

38、的生活相當(dāng)滿意。4. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.你可能會(huì)感到驚奇，查理一會(huì)說話大人就較他唱歌，他剛會(huì)走路時(shí)大人就教他跳舞了。astonishing 令人吃驚的， astonished （人）感到吃驚的e.g His astionshed look showed that the question is much too astionshing.他那吃驚的表情表明這個(gè)問題太令人吃驚了

39、。5. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off不幸的是他父親去世了，使得他的家境更加困難. badly off 窮的 ，境況差的 比較級(jí)為worse off eg：They are not so badly off.他們并不是那么窮。 I went to his home and found he was worse off than I had thought.我去他家發(fā)現(xiàn)比我想得還要窮6.entertain v.使歡樂，款待 entertainment n.娛樂活動(dòng) entertaining adi.

40、愉快的，有趣的 eg：His subtle performance made everything entertaining.他微妙的表演讓所有的東西都有趣起來。7.Like many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success.像其他許多人一樣，這個(gè)小流浪漢和他的朋友們也趕到那兒去尋找金子，可是沒成功。in search of 尋找eg：He went out in search of his missing dog.他出去找他丟失的狗。8.C

41、harlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.查理首先跳出鞋帶來吃，像吃意大利面條一樣。 as if/though 就像似的；好像 eg：They treated the boy as if he were their own child.他們對(duì)待這個(gè)男孩就像他是自己親生的一樣。9.pick out 挑出；辨別出 eg：Im going to pick out a few books to send to some friends in South China. 我將挑選幾本書寄給華南的幾個(gè)朋友

42、。 Phrases： pick off 摘掉，摘下；取走，拿掉 pick up 拾起；抱起；（無意中）學(xué)會(huì)； 見到；聽出，收聽到；搭載 ；拾起；抱起 pick on選中；挑出 eg：Dont pick off any of these flowers. 這些花一朵也不要采摘。 The children picked up many sea shells at the seashore.孩子們?cè)诤＿厯斓皆S多貝殼。 Well send the ambulance to pick him up. 我們要派一輛救護(hù)車把他接走。 He always picks on small points to cr

43、iticize他老是吹毛求疵10.cut off切斷，斷絕 cut down 殺死（某人）、砍到 cut back 減少、削減cut in 發(fā)動(dòng)、打斷、插嘴 cut out 突然熄火、停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)eg：He had a finger cut off by a machine while working.他在工作時(shí)被機(jī)器切掉了一個(gè)手指。 They made all their best to cut down that big tree.他們竭盡全力砍到那棵樹。Cut out the engine, will you? 把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)關(guān)掉好嗎?11.Charlie Chaplin wrote, direc

44、ted，and produced the films he starred in.卓別林自編、自導(dǎo)、自制他主演的電影。 star 用作動(dòng)詞，表示“主演” eg：She has starred in a lot of good films.她主演了好多好電影。 12.play on words 玩文字游戲 【語(yǔ)法精講】：動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)名詞(gerund)相當(dāng)于是名詞,只是保有一些動(dòng)詞的功能.所以它在句中可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等那些名詞可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

45、南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。 2）動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn)，好嗎? The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很，剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)。 3）動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)說明、解釋。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。 4）動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。例如： a

46、writing desk=a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái) a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 現(xiàn)在分詞(present participle)相當(dāng)于形容詞分詞作定語(yǔ) We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日 There was a girl sitting there.有個(gè)女孩坐在那里 There is nothing interesting. 沒有有趣的東西 分詞作狀語(yǔ) Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了

47、個(gè)電話。 連詞+分詞（短語(yǔ)） While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. 分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ：通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后。例如： I found my car missing.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。 分詞作表語(yǔ) ：表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)等。例如： She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。 He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。 Unit 4 Body Language1.represent 代表；象征The

48、 dragon represents China.龍代表中國(guó)2.association 社團(tuán)、協(xié)會(huì)；聯(lián)系、聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)想football association足球協(xié)會(huì)There has been a close association between the two companies.這兩個(gè)公司之間一直有密切聯(lián)系。3.approach vt.靠近，走近 n.途徑，方法A tourist approached us and asked us the way to Crow Hotel. 一個(gè)旅行者走過來向我們打聽去皇冠酒店的路。There are different approaches to

49、language teaching.語(yǔ)言教學(xué)有不同的途徑。4.defend vt.保護(hù)，保衛(wèi) defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)defend against 保護(hù)。以免受5.close adj.近的，親近的 adv. 離得近，相當(dāng)于near closely adv,也表示離得近但語(yǔ)氣較close 強(qiáng)，同時(shí)還可以表示“親密地”；“嚴(yán)密地；仔細(xì)地”The shop is close to the church.商店離教堂不遠(yuǎn)。Come close. I want to tell you something.走近點(diǎn)，我有事要告訴你。I saw her walking on the sidewalk w

50、ith her dog following closely behind.我看見她在人行道上散步，她的小狗緊跟在她后面。Look at this closely Its every important for us.仔細(xì)研究一下這個(gè)，它對(duì)我們很重要。We will follow this argument closely. 我們會(huì)密切關(guān)注這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論的進(jìn)展情況。6.likely 可能的be likely to 很可能。；有希望。Road accidents are likely to happen in such snowy weather. 這樣的雪天很可能出交通事故。Do you think

51、he is likely to come？你認(rèn)為他會(huì)來嗎？7.as well 也；還Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well，such as Japanese，who prefer to bow.現(xiàn)在世界上多數(shù)人見面要握手相互問候，但有些文化背景的人也會(huì)采取另外一些寒暄方式。比方說，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。8.in general 總的來說；通常。 常用于總結(jié)。意思等同于generally speakingIn g

52、eneral his work is every good，but this essay is really unacceptable,總的說來，他的作品非常不錯(cuò)，但這篇文章實(shí)在沒法接受。9.avoid 避免 avoid sth/doing sth 避免某事/做某事10. function n. 功能，作用，職責(zé) V.起作用，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) His kidney seems to be function well. 她的腎臟看起來功能很好。11.at ease 舒適，安逸，悠閑 He handed her a cup of coffee to put her at（her）ease.他遞給她一杯咖啡，讓

53、她平靜下來。12.lose face 丟臉13.turn ones back to 背對(duì) Unit 5 Theme Parks1. theme n.C1）. 論題,話題,題目The main theme of discussion was press censorship.討論的主題是新聞審查制度。2）. 主題,主題思想;題材The theme of the poem is love and peace.這首詩(shī)的主題是愛與和平。3）. (學(xué)生的)作文,文章Our school themes（compositions）must be written in ink and on white pap

54、er.我們學(xué)校的作文要用墨水寫在白紙上。4）. 【音】主題曲 Bruce Lee Theme 李小龍傳奇主題曲2. various a.1）. 不同的;各種各樣的, Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.由于種種原因,每個(gè)人赴會(huì)都遲到了。2）. 好幾個(gè)的;許多的Wheat is grown in various parts of the country. 全國(guó)許多地方都種小麥。3. variety n.1）多樣性,變化UWhat other ways do you know to add variety? 你知道其他增加變

55、化的方法嗎?People like to live a life full of variety. 人們喜歡過豐富多彩的生活。2）種種He has a variety of interests. 他有多種愛好。a variety of(多種的) = various(不同的, 各種各樣的) 如There are a variety of animals in the zoo. =There are various animals in the zoo.3）【生】變種,異種C(+of)4）種類CHospitals deal with diseases of every variety.醫(yī)院診治各種各樣的疾病。There are _ of animals ranging from rabbits to tigers in the park , including a rare _ of monkey. A. species , species B. a variety , speciesspecies多用于指物種 a variety all kinds of 各式各樣 There_(be)a vari