專四英語詞匯語法grammarandvocabulary

1、know better than（to do） -be wise or experienced enough not to do sth,很懂得不會(huì)不該（做某事）（根據(jù)張道真教授的（現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典）的解釋，than后面的不定式多帶to，但有時(shí)可以省略）：,你應(yīng)懂得不該逃學(xué),You ought to know better than to stay away from school.,He knew better than to mention the subject to her,他很明智而沒有向她提起這件事。,Dont worry. She is old enough to _friend

2、s with such a man. know well than make B. well know than making C. know better than to make D. better know than to make,He would rather he _to his father before leaving his home. A. do good B. had done good C. will do D. has done good,虛擬語氣,1主、從句都表示與過去事實(shí)相反：,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：,had + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞；,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + ha

3、ve + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。,注意：能用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有四個(gè)：should, could, would, might. 使用哪一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要由句子含義決定，考試中出現(xiàn)最多的是could, would.,2 主、從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：,動(dòng)詞過去式（如果是be則只能用were）,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形。,3 主、從句都表示與將來事實(shí)相反：,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：,were to + 動(dòng)詞原形（重點(diǎn)）、should + 動(dòng)詞原形、動(dòng)詞過去式；,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形。,二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：,1 would rather + 句子，wo

4、uld rather后面引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that不可省略。根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的不同意思，從句謂語可用一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)，還可用動(dòng)詞原形。用一般過去時(shí)，表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望；用過去完成時(shí)表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望；用動(dòng)詞原形僅僅表示主句主語希望從句主語做某事的愿望,(1)Henry would rather that his girl friend worked in the same department as he does,2)Tom would rather that Jack had gone to class yesterday.,(3)We would rather that he

5、take this train,2 if only 如果，要是.就好了，if only + 句子，這時(shí)句子一定要用虛擬語氣。,有兩種形式可以體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：,a. 如果該句子如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。,b. 如果該句子如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。,Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice.,A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed,B,If only the committee _ the regul

6、ations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve,D,注意：當(dāng)if only后的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，該用動(dòng)詞過去式來表示虛擬語氣，而選項(xiàng)中又沒有時(shí)，可以采用這種形式：would + 動(dòng)詞原形。,3 當(dāng)以下動(dòng)詞后加句子時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。,a. 表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move. move只有在表達(dá)在會(huì)議

7、上提出提議時(shí)后面加虛擬語氣,b. 表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.,c. 表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.,d. 表示堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為的：insist.,4 it is + 第三點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的從句。,這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。 以下幾個(gè)形容詞置于該結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)也要用相同的形式來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制性的，必須的）。,5 第三點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式 + that引

8、導(dǎo)從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語氣， 謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。 經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.,6 以下一些表達(dá)方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。 or(表示否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非)當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子時(shí)，先要判斷該句是表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、還是將來事實(shí)相反，然后依照相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣規(guī)則用法的形式來確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。,含有下面三個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的形式是固定的： lest(以免，防備), for fear that

9、(惟恐), on condition that(在.條件下)它們后面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。,7 it is time 是.的時(shí)候了。,it is high time / it is about time.,這三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動(dòng)詞都用一般過去時(shí)來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。,8 注意以下兩種情況下should + 動(dòng)詞原形中should不能省略。這里should表示一種語氣，經(jīng)常被翻譯成“竟然”。,a. 四個(gè)動(dòng)詞：think, believe, expect, suspect. 它們的否定或者疑問形式后面加句子，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should

10、不能省略。,I dont believe that he should be cheated. 我不相信他也會(huì)被騙。,b. it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪 以上三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。,錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣,錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣即指主句和從句在表達(dá)是與什么時(shí)態(tài)的事實(shí)相反上并不一致（比如主句要表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反而從句要表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反），這種情況要采用“對(duì)號(hào)入座”的方法來處理，即主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用與其表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。,1.If I hadnt stood under th

11、e ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now. A wouldnt be smiling B couldnt have smiled C wont smile D didnt smile,A,He would be studying at the university now if he _ the entrance examination. A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed,C,It is a shame that he _ that poor little gir

12、l! A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving,B,.Mrs. bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _ her sons sleep. A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere with,D,Her boyfriend said he would give her a ring _he reached Boston A. ev

13、ery time B. unless C. until D. the moment,as soon as, no soonerthan,hardlywhen,這三個(gè)短語都有“一就”、“剛剛就”的意思，它們的意思非常相近，因此有時(shí)可以互換。例如：,“我剛到公共汽車站，汽車就開了?！?As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.,Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.,No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus star

14、ted.,但他們之間也有一些差異，例如，如果從兩件事情的間隔時(shí)間來說，as soon as 較長，no sooner.than 居中，hardly.when 間隔時(shí)間最短。,1、as soon as 它的意思相當(dāng)于“A事情發(fā)生以后，就做B這件事”。這個(gè)短語用的比較常用，口語和書面語都可以。它的特點(diǎn)是，在句子中的位置比較靈活，而且可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：,Ill write you as soon as I get there.我一到那兒就給你來信。（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.我一進(jìn)門，Kathe

15、rine 就高興的叫起來。（一般過去時(shí)） Ill return the book as soon as I have read it.我一讀完就把書還回去。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee.Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。（過去完成時(shí)）,2、no soonerthan 它的意思相當(dāng)于“剛做完A這件事，就做B這件事”。例如：,He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.他一回來就買了一套房子。 如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：No sooner

16、 had he arrived than he went away again.他剛到就又走了。,有一點(diǎn)要注意，no soonerthan 一般用來描述做過的事情，它不能用于表示將來的事。,3、hardlywhen. 它的意思是“幾乎未來得及做完A這件事，緊接著就開始B這件事?！笔褂眠@個(gè)短語時(shí)，一般用于過去完成時(shí)；并且when有時(shí)可改用before。例如：,He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.他剛寫完文，燈就熄了。,另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)即謂語動(dòng)詞要提前。如：,我剛吃完他就進(jìn)來了。,H

17、ardly had I finished eating when he came in.,the instant/the moment+從句 -相當(dāng)于as soon as 一（就）：,她必定是在我一把抓起電話時(shí)就奔了出去。,She must have dashed out the instant I grabbed the phone,你一踏上外國國土就得像個(gè)客人的樣子。,You must behave like a guest the instant you set foot on a foreign soil,consider大致有兩種含義。含義不同，用法有別?，F(xiàn)歸納如下。 conside

18、r作“考慮”解，常用于以下句型：,Consider+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞。,我一直考慮有一天出國。,Im considering going abroad some day.,Consider+從句或“疑問詞+不定式”。,我們必須考慮下一步要做什么。,We must consider what to do next,Consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，常用于以下句型： Consider sb./sth+.(as)+形容詞/名詞。其中，as可以省略。,起初他們認(rèn)為我是醫(yī)生。,At first they considered me as a doctor.,.consider+sb./sth.+不定式。

19、其中，不定式通常是to be(可以省略)或其他動(dòng)詞的完成式。,We consider this matter to be very important. 我們認(rèn)為這件事很重要。 We all consider him to have stolen the bike. 我們都認(rèn)為他偷了自行車。,consider+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語。,我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很難。,We consider it hard to study English well.,on account 賒賬;,o account(=consider)把.考慮進(jìn)去,give sb. an account of

20、 說明, 解釋 (理由),account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解釋, 說明.,on account of (=because of) 由于,因?yàn)?,on no account(=in no case, for no reason, in no way, by no means)絕不要,無論如何不要(放句首時(shí)句子要倒裝),on ones own account,1) 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益 2) (=at ones own risk) 自行負(fù)責(zé) 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己,倒裝有兩種情況：部分倒裝(主語和助

21、動(dòng)詞倒置)和全部倒裝(主語和謂語完全倒置)。之所以使用倒裝，一是為了句子的需要；二是為了語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。,1.句子謂語是go，come，run等表示位置的動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞，句中又有表示方位的副詞(如the re，here，up，down，out，in，away等)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)該副詞，可將其放于句首，而將謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。如:,去北京的火車來了。,Here comes the train to Beijing.,There goes the bell.鈴響了。 Down came the rain.下雨了。,但主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語仍置于動(dòng)詞之前。如: Away he comes.他來了。

22、。,Here it comes.它來了,2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的狀語或表語，為了保持句子平衡或上下文銜接緊密，可將狀語或表語置于句首，句中主語和謂語完全倒裝。如:,At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.,在這段里能找到答案。,In this paragraph can be found an answer.,3.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)only及其所修飾的狀語(通常是副詞、介詞短語或從句)，則將它們移到句首，句中的主謂作部分倒裝。如:,直到那時(shí)我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)人是盲人。,Only then did we realize that the man was blind.,

23、直到1918年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作崗位。,Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work,4.將含有否定意義的副詞(never，seldom，not，little，hardly等)置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，句中的主謂作部分倒裝。如:,Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.,5.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“not a+名詞”或“not a single+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，將其置于句首時(shí)，句中的主謂作部分倒裝。如:,Not a word did h

24、e say at the last meeting.,6. Hardlywhen，no soonerthan，not onlybut also引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，將前一個(gè)分句中的主謂作部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句中的主謂語序不變。如:,但neither/notnor引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)分句中的主謂均要倒裝。如: Neither do I know her address，nor does he. 我不知道她的地址，他也不知道.,7.在“so+形容詞that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如將“so+形容詞”置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后的系動(dòng)詞be則要移到主語前面，形成主謂的完全倒裝。如:,So moved was she t

25、hat she could not say a word.,在“so+副詞that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如將“so+副詞”置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后的主謂作部分倒裝。如:,So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.,二、由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要使用倒裝。常見于下列句型:,1.“So+助動(dòng)詞+主語”,2.“Neither/Nor+助動(dòng)詞+主語”,3.當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had，were或should等時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had，wer e或should等移到主語前，作部分或完全倒裝。,Ha

26、d you come yesterday，you would have seen him.,4.表示存在的句型“There be+主語”也屬于倒裝句之列。如: There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room.,consist in表示“在于”之意；說明一樣事物的性質(zhì)，這種性質(zhì)大都是抽象的、非物質(zhì)的 consist of則表示“包含”，“由組成”之意。說明組成某一事物的部分，這些部分大都是具體的、物質(zhì)的,consist v.由組成,1 consist of. 由.組成（表示被動(dòng)概念）2 be made up of 由.組成3 co

27、mprise v.包含, 由.組成（整體由部分所構(gòu)成）,- Our class consists of 100 students.= Our class is made up of more than 100 students.,- The United Kingdom consists of G.B and Northern Ireland.= The United Kingdom comprises G.B and Northern Ireland.,4 be composed of 由.組成（強(qiáng)調(diào)有什么成分所組成）,- Water is composed of oxygen and hy

28、drogen.（compose v.組成, 寫作）- oxygen（n.氧，氧氣） hydrogen（n.氫）,5 constitute vt.組成, 構(gòu)成（部分構(gòu)成整體）,- G.B and Northern Ireland constitute The United Kingdom.（Ireland n.愛爾蘭）- The committee consists of 10 members. （committee n.委員會(huì)）= Ten members constitute the committee.,I dont allow _in my class, nor do I allow my

29、 family _at home.(smoke),as if從句省略,當(dāng)從句中的主語和主句中的主語一致時(shí)，從句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)可以部分省略或全部省略，使句子更加簡練。例如：,1）He stared at the girl as if（he werewas） seeing her for the first time,2）He fell down as though（he werewas） shot,3）She hurriedly left the room as if（she were was）angry,4）He was talking all the while excitedly，as if（

30、he were was talking）to himself,存在句的非限定形式 1）存在句的非限定形式there to be 和 there being結(jié)構(gòu) 2）there to be 和 there being結(jié)構(gòu)用法與區(qū)別there to be：作for 介詞補(bǔ)語作動(dòng)詞（except, want, like, prefer, hate）的賓語eg. They planned for there to be another meetingMembers like there to be plenty of choice. there being : 作除for外的介詞的補(bǔ)語 作主語和狀語e

31、g. John was relying on there being another opportunity.There being a bus stop so near the house is a good advantage. 存在句的非限定形式與限定形式的轉(zhuǎn)化 eg. For there to be so few people in the street was unusual. = It was unusual that there were so few people in the street.,Bread and butter _liked by Westerners.A. i

32、s B. are C. were D. be Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he _last night.A. must study B. should have studiedC. must have studied D. is sure to study We can hear_from the back of the room.A. just as good B.just as easyC.just as well D.easily as well The small mountain village was _

33、 by the snow for more than one month.A. cut back B.cut outC.cut off D. cut away,Under this _ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A. intensive B.weighty C.intense D.bulky If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may _a gas.A. give into B. give overC. give off D. give away,Nancy wa

34、s surprised that they have _. They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split up B.broken downC. fallen through D. knocked out,His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at _ with him at once.A. peace B. large C. ease D. best,C)【句意】我們?cè)诜块g的后面也能聽得很清楚?！倦y點(diǎn)】as well意為“(程度)同樣地好”，是副詞短語修飾動(dòng)詞hear；just表示程度，意為“剛好”。,C)【

35、句意】這個(gè)小山村被大雪封住達(dá)一個(gè)多月?！倦y點(diǎn)】cut back意為“削減；縮減”;cut out意為“停止；切下”;cut off意為“切斷；使隔斷”;cut away意為“切除；砍掉”。,C)【句意】在這種強(qiáng)大的壓力下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體?！倦y點(diǎn)】intensive意為“加強(qiáng)的；集中的”;weighty意為“沉重的；笨重的”;intense意為“強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的”;bulky意為“龐大的；粗壯的”。,C)【句意】他那平易近人的風(fēng)度使得博拉立刻放松了情緒?！倦y點(diǎn)】at peace意為“和平地”;at large意為“自由地；大體地”;at ease意為“不拘束”;at best意為“至多”。

36、,A)【句意】南希對(duì)他們的離婚表示十分驚訝，因?yàn)樗麄兯坪跏且粚?duì)快樂的夫婦?！倦y點(diǎn)】split up意為“分裂，離婚”;break down意為“(精神方面)垮掉；(健康)變得衰弱；崩潰”;fall through意為“失??；成為泡影”;knock out意為“使筋疲力盡”。,The girl always says to her boyfriend, “I do wish you_so much.” A. havent smoked B. arent smoking C. didnt smoke D. dont smoke,_ can make an immense contribution

37、to the creation of peace and plenty in the world by taking care to understand other nations. A. I and you and all the ordinary people B. You and I and all the ordinary people C. You and all the ordinary people and me D. All the ordinary people and you and me,My father was a dentist in the little tow

38、n all his life, and it was always taken for granted that I would take over his _ when he retired. A. Practice B. job C. work D. post,Im in no _ this evening to listen to his silly jokes. A. Feeling B. emotion C. mood D. tendency,The first, second and third prizes went to Bob, Jack and Henry _. A. Di

39、fferently B. separately C. respectively D. equally,These goods do not come up to the _. A. Mark B. sign C. token D. signal,C)【句意】這個(gè)女孩總跟男朋友說:“我真希望你不抽那么多煙?！?【難點(diǎn)】wish 后的that從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，由于那個(gè)男朋友smoke是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)行為，所以選didnt smoke ,才符合語法要求。,B)【句意】如果用心去理解其它民族，你和我，以及所有的普通人就能夠?yàn)槭澜绾推胶桶l(fā)展作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)。 【難點(diǎn)】選項(xiàng)B)是四項(xiàng)中惟一符合英語語言習(xí)俗的詞序

40、。,A)【句意】我父親在小鎮(zhèn)里當(dāng)了一輩子牙醫(yī)，人們認(rèn)為我會(huì)在他退休后理所當(dāng)然地接他的班。 【難點(diǎn)】practice 意為“（醫(yī)生或律師等的）業(yè)務(wù)，開業(yè)”；job 意為“（一件）工作，活兒，零活”；post 意為“職務(wù)，職位”；work意為“工作”，是長期穩(wěn)定的工作或勞動(dòng)。,C)【句意】我今晚沒情緒聽他那愚蠢的笑話。 【難點(diǎn)】mood 意為“情緒”,be in no mood (to do )意為“全然不想做某事”；feeling意為“情感”；emotion意為“激情，感情”；tendency意為“傾向，趨向”。feeling和emotion辨析:feeling 指人的感覺，如快樂，悲哀，痛苦，

41、欽佩等情感，它本身不反映感情的強(qiáng)弱。emotion指由于受到某種刺激而產(chǎn)生的喜、怒、哀、樂等情感。,C)【句意】鮑勃，杰克和享利分別獲得一、二、三等獎(jiǎng)。 【難點(diǎn)】respectively 意為“各自地，分別地”；differently 意為“以不同方式”；separately 意為“各自地，個(gè)別地”；equally 意為“相等地，平等地”。,A)【句意】這些貨物與商標(biāo)不符。 【難點(diǎn)】mark 意為“商標(biāo)，標(biāo)簽”；sign 意為“牌，招牌，標(biāo)牌”；token意為“憑證，紀(jì)念品”；signal意為“暗號(hào)，信號(hào)”。,Would you please _ spoil any material? A.

42、not B. not to C. to not D. dont,_ in physical shape, he dropped out of the University of Syracuse. A. As he was bad B. Bad as he was C. Bad although he was D. Bad though he was,Owen obviously had no _ of doing any work that day, although it was only a week before the English Test. A. Ambition B. des

43、ire C. intention D. wish,The National Gallery in London has more visitors than _any other because of its free admission. A. Practically B. really C. actually D . completely,If you keep getting wrong numbers, your phone could be _. A. Defective B. ineffective C. deficient D. deceptive,The chairman as

44、ked the members to _ their votes for or against the proposal. A. Cast B. throw C. bid D. offer,She was barred from the golf club for refusing to _with the request. A. Conform B. adhere C. abide D. comply,She always _ the smell of fresh bread with her aunt, who loved baking. A. Associated B. connecte

45、d C. attributed D . contributed,She was paid by the hour, and she managed to keep her family with her pitiful_. A. Salary B. wages C. stipend D. payment,A)【句意】你不毀壞東西不好嗎? 【難點(diǎn)】would you please 句型的否定式要在please后加not，not 后使用動(dòng)詞原形。 3 A)【句意】由于身體不好，他從塞路克斯大學(xué)輟學(xué)了。 【難點(diǎn)】As he was bad 是原因狀語從句，as 是“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?。Bad as he

46、was 是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，采用的是半倒裝形式，意為“盡管他很糟”。C)和D)兩項(xiàng)不成立。,C)【句意】盡管距離英語考試只有一周時(shí)間，那天歐文還是明顯地沒有做任何工作的意圖。 【難點(diǎn)】intention意為“意圖，目的”，常用于the intention of doing sth 的結(jié)構(gòu)中；ambition意為“雄心，野心”；desire意為“愿望，欲望，渴望”，后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語；wish 意為“希望，想要”，但和desire有所不同。wish 和 desire辨析wish 常用于主觀愿望或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望；desire強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望的迫切性，系書面語，用于正式場合或文章中，有盡

47、力爭取或需要盡力爭取之意。,A)【句意】由于不收門票，倫敦國家美術(shù)館比任何其它美術(shù)館接納的來訪者都多。 【難點(diǎn)】practically 意為“幾乎，差不多”；really 意為“很，十分；全然”；actually 意為“實(shí)際上”;completely意為“完全地，完整地”。,A)【句意】如果總有人打錯(cuò)你家電話，你的電話可能有毛病。 【難點(diǎn)】defective意為“有毛病的，有缺陷的”；ineffective 意為“無效的，無效果的”；deficient意為“缺乏的，不足的”，常指量的不足，不夠;deceptive意為“騙人的”。,A)【句意】主席請(qǐng)各位成員投票表示贊成或反對(duì)這個(gè)提議。 【難點(diǎn)】

48、cast 意為“投，擲，扔”, cast votes 意為“投票”；bid 意為“喊價(jià)，出價(jià)”，是拍買和投標(biāo)用語; throw 意為“投，擲，扔”；offer意為“出價(jià)，開價(jià)，報(bào)價(jià)”。throw 和cast 辨析：throw 指用手臂突然用力把某物向一定目標(biāo)扔去。cast指用手向下把某物向一定目標(biāo)拋去，一般投擲的東西較輕，并常用于比喻。,D)【句意】她因拒絕服從要求而被高爾夫俱樂部開除。 【難點(diǎn)】comply 意為“遵從，依從，順從”，后接with； conform 意為“遵照，適應(yīng)”，后接介詞to； adhere 意為“堅(jiān)持，遵守”，后接介詞to；abide 后接by 意為“遵守，信守”。,

49、A)【句意】她總是把鮮面包味與她嬸嬸聯(lián)系起來，她嬸嬸很喜歡烤面包。 【難點(diǎn)】associate意為“（在思想上）把聯(lián)系在一起”，后常與with 連用；connect 意為“聯(lián)接；聯(lián)系”，指聯(lián)系有形的物體；attribute意為“把歸因于；把（過錯(cuò)等）歸于”，后接介詞 to； contribute 意為“捐款，捐助”。,B)【句意】她做鐘點(diǎn)工，但還是能夠以她微薄的工資養(yǎng)家。 【難點(diǎn)】wage 意為“工資”，常作復(fù)數(shù)使用；salary 意為“薪水，薪金”；stipend意為“（牧師、教師、公職人員等）薪奉，生活津貼”；payment意為“支付，付款”。 wages 和salary 辨析：wages 主要指以月，小時(shí)或計(jì)件為單位付薪的勞動(dòng)收入，尤指每周或每兩周付給的勞動(dòng)（多是體力勞動(dòng)）報(bào)酬。 salary 指固定年薪，常為一個(gè)月或更長時(shí)間付一次，且一般指職員，腦力