高中英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧

1、完形填空專(zhuān)練,高考英語(yǔ)完形填空趨勢(shì),從近幾年全國(guó)高考的完形填空來(lái)看，已經(jīng)不再考核學(xué)生語(yǔ)法方面的知識(shí)了，而是從語(yǔ)義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配、慣用搭配及邏輯知識(shí)等方面來(lái)測(cè)試學(xué)生詞匯的掌握及運(yùn)用。而且有些詞的選擇，必須在理解整篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上，才能作出正確的判斷。,高考英語(yǔ)完形填空命題特點(diǎn),1. 短文長(zhǎng)度200詞左右，生詞少，難度適中。 2. 首句無(wú)空格，提供語(yǔ)境。5-10詞設(shè)一人名、 地名、日期、數(shù)字不在之列。隔詞數(shù)越少， 題目越難；反之亦然。 3. 選項(xiàng)多為一詞，偶會(huì)為詞組。四選項(xiàng)為同一類(lèi) 詞或?qū)偻环懂牐蚪x或形異義，或與前 后配成詞組。故干擾性、迷性大。,高考英語(yǔ)完形填空命題特點(diǎn),4.考查單詞以實(shí)詞(

2、v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)為主，虛詞(conj.,prep.)為輔。實(shí)詞一般占80%-90%，其中又以動(dòng)、名、形為主。 5.以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體理解和詞匯的意義把握為主。有些要結(jié)合常識(shí)才能正確選項(xiàng)；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上，正確把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，才能正確判斷和選擇。,2000-2005年完形填空題選項(xiàng)分布,完形填空解題步驟,通覽-試填-復(fù)核,1 通覽-速度全文，把握大意,快速閱讀一下全文，通過(guò)通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格等等。,2 試填-緊扣文意，瞻前顧后 先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語(yǔ)境，展開(kāi)邏輯

3、推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語(yǔ)法，常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。,3 復(fù)核-全面檢查，確保語(yǔ)意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確,試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍 ，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。,解題技巧 1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。（同義詞或反義詞） 2. 注意固定搭配 3. 注意同義詞的辨義 4.根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞 5.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng) 6. 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng) 7. 利用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確選項(xiàng),解題技巧,1 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示

4、作用的詞或句。這些詞有可能是同義詞或反義詞。,1) Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .,A hearing B health C eyesight D time,2) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but的

5、提示，所選的詞應(yīng)與shallow相反，因此選A,3) I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor ,I was_ and at the same time feeling lonely.( NMET2000 第26小題）,A helpless B lazy C anxious D tired,D,4) and then both ended up from the same high scho

6、ol, just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京春季卷第45小題）,A graduation B movement C separation D vacation,A,2 注意固定搭配，包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。,1）The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. a

7、s D. after,2) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _ tea at the time. A. cooking B. making C.burning D. serving,3) Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(2003 北京 春 50小題） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt,4) Eds been the least physically fit member in the family, and

8、_ proud of himself.(NMET2003第42題） A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly,5） , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（NMET1999第30題) A doing B raising C putting D producing,3 注意同義詞的辨義,1）Soon I heard a _ like that of a

9、door burst in , and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D.shout,2）The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A on B within C in D under A running B floating C flowing D pulling,3). Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示時(shí)間。while強(qiáng)調(diào)

10、一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用；till表示的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某時(shí)或到某時(shí)才開(kāi)始；for表示的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間；as連接的是一個(gè)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞。答案應(yīng)選D，表示他一邊向船靠近一邊大聲喊。,4.根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞,1). And video cameras can be used to _peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch,2). When the papers were_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the sa

11、me mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered,3). Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to _. A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A.buy B. catch C.hold D.weigh,只有fishing boats能夠到太平洋捕魚(yú)，因此第一個(gè)空答案A為。捕魚(yú)用動(dòng)詞catch，第二個(gè)空答案

12、為B。,5 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng),有時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞為表示上下文邏輯關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ)，它涉及到文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫。這類(lèi)題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系以及對(duì)比關(guān)系等。,常見(jiàn)的承接語(yǔ)有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thingfor another等連接詞表示列舉；Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用來(lái)按次序描述時(shí)間發(fā)生的過(guò)程；anyhow,still,though,although表示讓步關(guān)系；therefore,so表結(jié)果；

13、because,since,due to,owing to表原因，等等。,1). A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes,2). At first nothing happened,_ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the A.and B. or C. so D.then,3). My

14、 main responsibility(職責(zé)） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京 第40題） A. or B. so C. but D. even,6 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng),1）The space is left to let the rail expand（膨脹） when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry,2),you _the international dateline.By agreement, this is

15、the point where a new day_. A. see B. cross C. are D. are stopped by _A.is coming B is discovered C.is invented D. begins,the international dateline是國(guó)際日期變更線，是人們所規(guī)定的，看不見(jiàn)，摸不著，但是可以越過(guò)。它是新的一天開(kāi)始的地方。答案分別為B 和D,7 利用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確選項(xiàng),1）When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly,figuring on an easy victory.(NMET2003 , 37題） A.declared B. mentioned C.persuaded D. suggested,2). I realized that_ I