用高考詞義猜測題分析解析.ppt

1、猜測詞義,Guessing meanings,詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. .,Lead-in(導(dǎo)入),1. Definition 定義法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 對

2、比法,4. Cause and effect 因果法,5. Example 例舉法,8. Common Sense 普通常識,6. Word Formation 構(gòu)詞法,猜測詞義,7. Context 上下文,It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,Definition 定義法： 一般通過定義、定語（從句）或同位語（從句）來確定詞義。 常見提示詞有：that is (to say), i.e. , in other words 或是后面括號內(nèi)進(jìn)行解釋。,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),The he

3、rdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n. 牧羊人),Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.,She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly,A,(v. 不同意),2. Contrast 對比法： 利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞（組

4、）猜測詞義。 表示對比的詞有but、while、however、 otherwise等。,3. Similarity 相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。,Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;極大的),4. Cause Effect 因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推

5、測原因。,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,(adj. 貧窮的,窮困的),(adj. 大的),5. Example 例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有: for instance, for example, such as等 。,Today young couples often spend lots of the

6、ir money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,(n. 電器用具),6. Word Formation 構(gòu)詞法： 英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。,中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有： super- (超) mini- (極小的, 微小的) micr

7、o-（極微小的） re- （再，反復(fù)） mis-（誤，惡） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，無） -wards (向),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronounce (非自然的) homeless nonsmoker (無家可歸的) reconstruction eastwards (重建),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波（爐）),(非煙民),(發(fā)錯音),(向東),Eg. Im going to buy a microbus.

8、,micro+bus 微型公共汽車,1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expect,B,7. Context 上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。,A,(n. 貓頭鷹),3）The c

9、hildren are looking at an ape. Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird,The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird,The children are looking at a large, hairy ape which is climbing a small hill at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree

10、Ca kind of bird,A,(n. 猿),8. Common sense 普通常識：根據(jù)普通常識和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測詞義。,在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識將其推測出來。比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時，猜測詞義的能力自然就會增強(qiáng)。,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he

11、does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,n. 麻醉劑(藥),Practice：,Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words? - 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 樹枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once

12、he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever,C,B,3. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 溫飽 C. 非常貧困 D. 虛弱,C,4. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活潑的 B. 愛笑的 C. 多嘴

13、多舌的 D. 可愛的,C,5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _. A. 驕傲 B. 吹牛 C. 頑皮 D. 幼稚,B,Passage 1 A mans position among the black-tent people depends o

14、n his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe. The word “disgrace” means _ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. sh

15、ame,D,Passage 2 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Bec

16、ause the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean? A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challenging,B,Passage 3 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal

17、money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in this text. A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop,B,Passage 4 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales

18、 trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “astounded” means _. A. very sad B. very sorry

19、C. very pleased D. greatly surprised,D,同學(xué)們在做詞義猜測題時注意不要脫離語境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的或?qū)ｉT的詞義。在解這類題時，必須仔細(xì)地研讀劃線部分的上下文，有時閱讀的視線還要擴(kuò)大一些。如果離開特定的語言環(huán)境來理解生詞意義，必然會理解錯誤。,注 意 ：,1. Definition 定義法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 對比法,4. Cause and effect 因果法,5. Example 例舉法,8. Common Sense 普通常識,6. Word Formation 構(gòu)詞法,猜測

20、詞義,7. Context 上下文,Summary,Practice,2010全國卷 E I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one fa

21、miliar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. 73.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on,【語篇解讀】:本文是夾敘夾議的文章。作者乘坐火車做長途跋涉?？吹酱巴饽吧l(xiāng)村的村民對列車上的乘客投以微笑，這微笑給她帶來了快樂，并由此改變了作者多生活的態(tài)度。,2010山東卷 B Ask s

22、omeone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course.,2010山東卷 B However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that

23、over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. 61. What does the underlined phrase “over- consumption” refer to? A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes. C. Making more products than ne

24、cessary. D. Having more material than is needed.,【語篇解讀】:人們已經(jīng)意識到廢物回收利用的重要性，但家庭對過量購物、物品過多包裝等都對環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞，因此，真正的回收利用任重道遠(yuǎn)。,2010天津卷A As Windsor Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport-style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one-way syste

25、m operates along the visitor route. 40. In the last part, a “working royal palace” refers to one _. A. still being constructed B. still used by the royal family C. where the Queen usually works D. where works of art are on show,【語篇解讀】:本文是英國溫莎城堡的旅游指南-涉及溫莎城堡的簡介，為盲人準(zhǔn)備的悠揚(yáng)聲音之旅，導(dǎo)游服務(wù)，為帶孩子的游客提供的便捷服務(wù)，購物，餐飲和城

26、堡內(nèi)手機(jī)攝像，安全等注意事項(xiàng)。,2010天津卷B Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to

27、 follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) . 42. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can_. A. describe life in an exciting way B. turn real-life experiences into a play C. make learning life skills more interesting D. change peoples views

28、 of sporting events,【語篇解讀】:本文從世界各國的小孩子的孩提游戲講到運(yùn)動及奧運(yùn)的民族精神。孩提游戲不僅使孩子娛樂，而且使他們學(xué)會終生受用的等候和團(tuán)隊(duì)配合。奧運(yùn)運(yùn)動可以增加民族自豪感和愛國情懷，增強(qiáng)民族凝聚力。,2010北京卷 D The Cost of Higher Education Individuals (個人) should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn mo

29、re than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it.,2010北京卷 D There are pressing calls on the resources (資源) of the government. Using taxpayers money to help a small n

30、umber of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. 68. The underlined word them in Paragraph 2 refers to? A. taxpayers B. pressing calls C. college graduates D. government resources,【語篇解讀】:本文為議論文。作者圍繞著個人應(yīng)給為取得高學(xué)歷付學(xué)費(fèi)這個觀點(diǎn)展開辯論。,【句意】:有關(guān)政府資源方面有很多緊迫的呼聲，而使用納稅人的錢來幫組一小部分人在將來獲得高收入并不在這些呼聲中。,

31、2010廣東B when something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, Well, its so-and-sos fault. or I know Im late, but its not my fault; the car broke down. It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser.,2010廣東B

32、 You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winners key to success. 47. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph

33、 1 is closest in meaning to _. A. avoid B. accept C. improve D. consider,【句意】:成功者的秘訣在于不是把注意力集中在誰該受到責(zé)備而是集中在怎樣改善糟糕的境況。,2010江蘇卷A Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. English-speaking people added s or son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancesto

34、r was Robert. 59. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _ A. later generations B. friends and relatives C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors,【語篇解讀】:本文為說明文，主要介紹了人的姓名的起源以及所包含的意義。,2010浙江A Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I

35、 wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. 3. The underlined word “rainbow” in the last paragraph refers to _. A. the rainbow in the

36、sky B. the stripes on the pavement C. something imaginative and fun D. important lessons learned in childhood,【語篇解讀】:本文為一篇生活故事。作者小時候在好朋友家的地下室發(fā)現(xiàn)一些油漆，淘氣的他與朋友在人行道上刷出一道道彩虹，母親回家時看見我們的杰作，發(fā)脾氣了，并和我一起將門前公路上的這些彩虹沖洗掉了。從此我有一個心愿，希望我能找到屬于自己的彩虹，讓它照亮我們的生活，給我們五彩的希望與夢想。,2010安徽B . Things not attached to the Earth woul

37、d fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space. 61.The word “shoot” underlined in the 2nd passage probably means “_”. A. send for B. move quickly C. come out D. grow quickly,【語篇解

38、讀】:本文為科普文，作者向我們解釋了兩種自然現(xiàn)象：1.飛機(jī)向西飛行比向東飛行時間長的原因。2.如果地球引力突然消失將會出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。,2010遼寧B I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because Im in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. 60. What does the word shot in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Choice. B. Try C. Style. D. Goal,【語篇解讀】:本文是介紹海外風(fēng)情的文章。作者比較英國倫敦與美國紐約在舉辦“派對”時迥然不同的特點(diǎn)。,2010湖北卷B Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has