簡單句五種基本句型_課件

1、英語簡單句五種基本句型,基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主謂/系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四: + +InO +D(主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五: + + +O（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,組成句子的各個(gè)組成部分叫句子成分：,1. 主語:是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一,主語表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞來充當(dāng).,1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after s

2、chool is great fun.,主,謂,賓,定,狀,補(bǔ),表,2.謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng).,1.they work very hard. 2.Tom feels much better now. (系動(dòng)詞:表示狀態(tài),后面往往接形容詞或名詞。常見的系動(dòng)詞：is ,am, are , become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem),注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.,動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.,3. 表語：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或

3、從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).,My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe . The reason why her absence is that he is ill,4.賓語：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說明主語做什么。一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面.由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句構(gòu)成.,1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday. 3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She lik

4、es playing basketball. 5.Our teacher said that he would go there.,注意：雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.,5.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞, 形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語, 不定代詞,從句等. 1、This is a red car. 2、The building is their teaching building. 3、The woman doctor is my wife. 4、I have something to tell you. 5、The

5、 man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6、Every student has an English book. 7、I know the boy who is playing basketball on the playground.,6.狀語:說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征修飾用來修飾動(dòng) 詞,形容詞,副詞或整個(gè)句子.副詞,介詞短語,動(dòng) 詞不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的從句.,You are quite right. They often draw in the park. We came h

6、ere in order to learn English. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.,7. 賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說明賓語。(賓語和賓補(bǔ) 之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）,賓語+ 賓補(bǔ)叫復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語有以 下幾種類型： 1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式 2 名詞（代詞）+ 分 詞 3 名詞（代詞）+ 名 詞 4 名詞 （代詞）+ 形容詞,1)帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)； 例如：She asked me to call him again. 很多動(dòng)詞后面都可以有這種賓補(bǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞有：ask，tell，want，wish，would，like，like，hate

7、等。,2)不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)；,例如：We often hear the girl sing the song. 能帶這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞、短語動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞如let，feel，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe. 注： 如果這種結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，不定式就必然帶to. help后的不定式可以帶to也可不帶to.,3)分詞作賓補(bǔ)；,例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示主動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)，或動(dòng)作已完成

8、，也可以表示請(qǐng)別人做某事。能帶分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞為使役動(dòng)詞)等。,4)名詞作賓補(bǔ)；,例如：We must keep it a secret. 這類復(fù)合賓語只有在有限的一些動(dòng)詞后使用，常見的動(dòng)詞有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，leave等 What he have done made him a successful man.,5)形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。,例如：You should keep the room clean. 常見的能跟這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：make

9、，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。 The interesting story made me happy. leave me alone We saw him out.,基本句型 一 (subject) +V(verb)（主謂） 特點(diǎn):句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以 跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 1.He came. 2.She dances. 3.His words works. 4.You should work hard. 5.Her grandpa died last nigh

10、t. 6.My uncle gets up early every morning.,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 系動(dòng)詞可分四類： 1）be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的 作用,后可接動(dòng)詞外的任何詞； 2）感官動(dòng)詞類 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3）表示變化：get, grow, become, turn, go等 4）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)：stay, keep, prove, remain, stand等。,Everything looks different. The weather becomes cooler. 3.This is an En

11、glish dictionary. 4.The soup smells good. 5.The girl looks beautiful. 6.The music sounds great. 7.The trees turn green. 8.To see is to believe. 9.My brother is a doctor.,基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓） 特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，但不能表 達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟賓語，即動(dòng) 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。 e.g. We like the movie. S,V,o,1. I wrote a letter la

12、st night.2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times.4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6. I saw her. 7. They like watching TV.,基本句型 四 + +InO +D（主謂間賓直賓） 特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語 才能表達(dá) 完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的 直接承受者，另一個(gè)

13、是動(dòng)作的間接承受 者。 She gave me a book =She gave a book to me.,常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,sing, save, spare,等。,S V (Vt.) InO DO She passed him a new dres

14、s. John told me his idea. She showed her friends all the pictures 4. He send me a birthdays present.,S V (Vt.) O OC We keep the table clean. I saw them getting on the bus. 他讓我馬上回來。 He asked me to come back soon. 4. I asked Mary to help me. 5.We call our headmaster a wise man .,基本句型 五 + + +O（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 特

15、點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓 語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一 個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。 判斷原則：能表達(dá)成賓語 是/做 e.g. We made him the manager. S,V,O,OC,按結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子主要可以分成三種： 簡單句， 并列句，復(fù)合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. - 4) He is Smith and

16、he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,簡單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,并列句,并列句,復(fù)合句,復(fù)合句,I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary to be my frie

17、nd, and I shall call my friend Kitty.,S,V,_,_,O,_,Ad.,(,),S,_,V,S,V,O,_,_,OC,S,_,V,O,OC,并列復(fù)合句,Analyze the sentences: I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.,S,V,_,Oc,S,V,P,Ac,（,）,_,_,S,_,_,V,O,OC,Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.,S,V,P,_,_,_,S,Ad.C(狀從),S,V,P,_,_,At.C(定從),At first the English spoken in England between ab