現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)延續(xù)性與暫短性動(dòng)詞用法

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）的用法基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他 否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他 一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他）（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過(guò)或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢花了.) Jane has laid the tab

2、le.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.) Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地) （2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬間動(dòng)詞（buy,die,join,lose）不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動(dòng)

3、詞 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catc

4、h a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be副

5、詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞 1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be介詞短語(yǔ)”代終止性動(dòng)詞 1.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替move to 常用瞬間動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表： 1. ha

6、ve arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相應(yīng)的介詞 2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out 4. have become have been 5. have closed / opened have been close/open 6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead； 8

7、. have left sw. have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. Have married have been married； 12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ； 13. have begun have been on 14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15.

8、 have lost havent had 16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known 19. have/has gone to have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league m

9、ember/the soldier 注意： 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，(如表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用. 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 ,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問(wèn)）, just, before, recently,still, lately等: He has already obtained(得到獲得) a scholarship(獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金). I havent seen much of him recently

10、 (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. 4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括

11、現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈

12、關(guān)了。(動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過(guò)去，但說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成用法的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如：never，ever，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如：this morning month year.，today等)連用。 例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？ 6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法指的是動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 例如：He has live

13、d here since 1978.自從1978年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。) 此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(由since或for引導(dǎo))，或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如：so far)等。 例如：I have heard nothing from him so far.到目前為止我沒(méi)有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 8.一段時(shí)間+has passed+since從句 9. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和短語(yǔ) up to now /till now, so far (意思是從過(guò)去某一確定的時(shí)間一直延