高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧ppt90587.ppt

閱讀理解題型及解題技巧,題 型 及 解 題 技 巧,1,2,3,4,5,6,主旨大意,細(xì)節(jié)理解,觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度,篇章結(jié)構(gòu),推理判斷,猜測詞義,閱讀技巧,細(xì)節(jié)理解,本類試題主要考查學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的 某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能 力。問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、 時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(cause)、 結(jié)果(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、 說明文、廣告信息等常常考查這些細(xì)節(jié)。,常見問題形式有： Which of the following is true/false except? Which of the following is mentioned except,三正一誤,三誤一正,1.According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true? 3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ? 4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _. 5. In the passage the writer states that _. 6. Choose the best order in which the people do_.,2. 定義； 3. 比較； . 年代與數(shù)字 5. 原因和結(jié)果,此類試題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或 間接找到,但不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣。,Sample I,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam， one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.,2. 定義； 3. 比較； . 年代與數(shù)字 5. 原因和結(jié)果,此類試題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或 間接找到,但不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣。,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,Sample I,Sample II,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.,Sample II,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,moved,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.,taken,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散發(fā)) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample II, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.,connect,to,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散發(fā)) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample II,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample III,Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample III,(故意用與原文中一模一樣的詞來迷惑考生),?,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample IV,Jack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample IV,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample V,Tuition Fees (學(xué)費(fèi)) Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc waikatoacnz,$5000(學(xué)費(fèi))+$100(住宿費(fèi))x12(months) +$150(生活費(fèi))x12=$8000,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample V,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample V,People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系統(tǒng)) that will organize the trip around the store. If youre looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample V,猜測詞義,Question Form,(1) The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2) As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests (3) From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “” is/refers to (4) The word “” is closest in meaning to ,根據(jù)解釋確定詞義,技巧 1,1. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another. 2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.,3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.,根據(jù)對比確定詞義,技巧 2,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.,根據(jù)邏輯確定詞義,技巧 3,If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.,根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out,Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.,根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out,1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates 2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture Dpile,Try to do the following exercises: 根據(jù)上下文推測各題中劃線詞的詞義,3. Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example, if it is cheap, it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it is 4. Please give me your recipe for this cake， so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house,5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees 6. Mr. Brown is an amateur photographerHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A. as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work,7. This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday Din an art museum 8. whales and elephants are gigantic animalsNo other animals can compare with them in size A. small Bland Csea Dhuge,9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish Ba kind of cat C. a kind of rock Da kind of bird 10. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carvings to stores and museums Adraw Bbeat Cheat Dcut,11. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good healthThe child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortableA healthy child gets well quickly Aa kind of animal Ba kind of food Ca kind of childhood disease Da lack of pure water,12. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their babyPierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred yearsTheir ancestors came from France A. family members from a long time ago B. grandparents and their grandchildren C. parents, grandparents and great- grandparents Dfamily members all living at the same time,推理判斷,1. 不選擇照抄原文的選項(xiàng)，要選擇要有 同義詞解釋的選項(xiàng)。 2. 不選事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng) 3. 不選非事實(shí)選項(xiàng) 4. 選概括性/哲理性的選項(xiàng),技巧,常見問題形式: 1. It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _ 2.The passage suggests/implies that _ 3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _ 4. We can conclude that_. 5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_. 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?,1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much,When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single?“ “Why, yes.“ I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother.“ she said, “Would you like to meet her?“,1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much,1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation,Sample 2,3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.,Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing,it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.,1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation,Sample 2,3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.,觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題： 既考查學(xué)生對字面意思的理解， 也考查學(xué)生對作者寫作目的、 態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等的理解。,正確理解作者的寫作意圖，所持的觀點(diǎn)及闡述文章主題時(shí)語氣或他對所論述的對象的態(tài)度。-假如你是作者，你為什么要寫本文？,此類考題的主要形式：,1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _ . 2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that _ .,辨認(rèn)三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。,注意：,貶義：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment,褒義: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring,中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, disinterested,The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with,e.g.,One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night. (根據(jù)文章作者用詞來判斷),The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with,e.g.,The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.,Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.,The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.,篇章結(jié)構(gòu),說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu),Descriptive writing,Definition (Introduction),Description (Explanation),Conclusion,2. 議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu),Argumentation,Topic,Arguments,conclusion,Opinion,Supporting sentences,論點(diǎn),論據(jù),結(jié)論,3.記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu),Narrative writings,Story presentation,對文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解的考查方式:,1. 問結(jié)構(gòu),）How is the text organized?,A. TopicArgumentExplanation B. OpinionDiscussionDescription C. Main ideacomparison supporting examples D. Introductionsupporting examples -conclusion,2)The first paragraph is used as/to 3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings death in order to _ .,2.問指代,1)The word “everything” in paragraph 2 means_ 2)What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?,3.問文章出處/前文后續(xù),1). The passage is most likely to be taken from_ 2. The passage is most likely a part of_ 3)The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled_ 4)What may be talked about before the first paragraph? /after the last paragraph? 5)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss_,主旨大意,考查考生,技巧,加工與濃縮信息的能力,如何做主旨大意題,做此類題目時(shí)，首先要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,一、題型特點(diǎn),這類試題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章的段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的能力。這種試題要求考生能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心句；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，難度較大，屬于高層次題。,1. 標(biāo)題類常見的題型:,1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2.The text (passage) could be entitled . 3.What is the best title for the passage? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?,二：題 干 表 現(xiàn) 形 式,1. This passage chiefly deals with_. 2. Whats the topic of the article? 3. What is the subject discussed in the text? 4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?,2：大意類常見題型,The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_. The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _,3：目的主旨大意常見題型,三：主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式,A. 文首,提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主 題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作 方式。,1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most seri