2012職稱英語綜合類教材新增閱讀理解共28篇及答案解析.doc.doc

2012年職稱英語綜合類新增文章閱讀理解1.第一篇：TellingTalesaboutPeople講述關(guān)于人們的故事2.第八篇：TheChangingMiddleClass變化中的中產(chǎn)階級3.第十篇：ALetterfromAlan艾倫的來信4.第十一篇：TheDevelopmentofBallet芭蕾舞的發(fā)展5.第十六篇：TheSahara撒哈拉沙8.*第十九篇：TheFamily家庭9.*第二十篇：TalesoftheTerriblePast講述可怕的過15.*第二十六篇：SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo看許久以前的世界19.*第三十篇：LuckyLordLucan-AliveorDead“幸運的”魯肯伯爵一是死是活20.*第三十三篇：OseolaMcCarty老婦人OseolaMcCarty21.+第三十四篇：ToHaveandHaveNot逃亡22.+第三十五篇：GoingHerOwnWay選擇她自己的路23.+第三十六篇：ATaleofScottishRuralLife（2011年教材中為B級文章）一個關(guān)于蘇格蘭鄉(xiāng)村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇：PopMusicinAfrica非洲的流行音樂25.+第三十八篇：WhySoManyChildren為什么有這么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇：EattoLive（2011年教材中為B級文章）為了活著吃飯27.+第四十篇：NarrowEscape（2011年教材中為B級文章）美國疾病預(yù)防新政策28.+第四十七篇：NarrowEscape九死一生第一篇TellingTalesaboutPeopleOneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,isstoriesaboutpeopleslives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:autobiography,memoir,andbiography.Anautobiographyisthestoryofapersonslifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththepersonsearliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce，havewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographies，buttheyareveryclosetoit.Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.Recently，though，thetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeab1ewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelseslife.Inmanysenses，thesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson，notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.詞匯：backdrop/bk,dr?p/n.背景interchangeable/int?t?end?bl/adj.可轉(zhuǎn)換的注釋：1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.就像本杰明富蘭克林和海倫凱勒一樣，各種各樣的人們已經(jīng)寫了自傳。2.Memoirs，strictlyspeaking，areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.嚴格意義上來講，回憶錄是既注重作者本身的生活經(jīng)歷，也注重其所處的時代所發(fā)生的事件的自傳性的描述。練習(xí)：1.Thispassageismostlyabout_.A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies，memoirs，andbiographiesB.famousautobiographiesC.whybiographycanbedifficulttowriteD.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs2.HelenKellerwrote_.A.amemoirB.anautobiographyC.aworkoffictionD.abiography3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey_.A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetailstomaketheirbookssellB.constantlycompetewithbiographywritersC.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlightD.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby_.A.definingitB.givinganexampleC.explainingwhyitishardtowriteD.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit5.Diversemeans_.A.abletoswimindeepwaterB.similaroralikeC.variedordifferentD.enjoyingpoetry答案與題解：1.A本題問的是：這篇文章主要是關(guān)于？文章第一句說到最普遍的非小說類文學(xué)作品類型之一就是一些來描述人們生活的故事，這些故事大致分為三類：自傳回憶錄和傳記。然后通篇對這三種類型進行了介紹，因此A是正確答案。2.B本題問的是：海倫凱勒謝了什么？第二段第5句話寫到：就像本明杰富蘭克林和海倫凱勒一樣，各種各樣的人們已經(jīng)寫了自傳。因此B是正確答案。3.C本題問的是：自傳作者通常不太客觀，因為他們？第二段提到：他們給讀者提供了一個途徑來了解自己比較好的行事風格，因此答案是C，他們想展示自己好的一面。4.A本題問的是：本文的作者通過何種方式介紹每種類型的非小說文學(xué)作品？答案是A，通過給每個類型進行定義。5.C本題問的是：diverse的意思是？其漢語意思為“多種多樣的”，因此C正確。第八篇TheChangingMiddleClassTheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However，middleclassisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofaperception，whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing，moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes，workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem，andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor，buttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords，theyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineonesowneconomicfate.Inaddition，middleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself.2Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspousesnowworked，asdidsomeofthechildren；longcommutesbecameroutine；theneedforchildcareputstrainson4thefamily；andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.MembersofthemiddlecIasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.詞匯：designation/dezignei?n/n.稱號commute/k?mju:t/n.上下班路程mobility/m?ubil?ti/n.流動性注釋：1.However，middlec1assisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.然而，中產(chǎn)階級既不是一個真實的稱號，也不會帶來特別待遇。2.Inaddition，middle-c1assmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily，obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneslf.另外，中產(chǎn)階級的道德觀包括個人的責任感、家庭的重要性、對他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。3.makeendsmeet：收支相抵，維持生活4.putstrainson：帶來壓力練習(xí)：1.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith_.A)anindividualB)asocialandeconomicgroupC)apoliticalorganizationD)government2.Acommonmiddleclassvalueisthat_.A)peopleshouldalwayshavefunB)childrenshouldbeseenandnotheardC)debtisnothingtoworryaboutD)thefamilyisveryimportant3.lntheyearsafterWorldWarII，themiddleclasscouldbedefinedas_.A)overburdenedandindebtB)hardworkingandsuspiciousC)prosperousandoptimisticD)youngandfoolish4.Thephrase“Inotherwordsinthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowingstatementis_.A)anexceptiontothepreviousideaB)adenialofthepreviousideaC)arestatementofthepreviousideaD)acontrastingidea5.Thewordcollectivelymeans_.A)asagroupB)hesitatinglyC)unknowinglyD)weakly答案與題解：1.B本題的問題是：本文的信息是關(guān)于？本文通篇講述美國的中產(chǎn)階級，指的是社會和經(jīng)濟群體，因此選擇B。2.D本題的問題是：一個普遍的中產(chǎn)階級價值觀是？本篇第二段最后一句話講到，“中產(chǎn)階級的道德觀包括個人的責任感、家庭的重要性、對他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三個選項不包括在內(nèi)，因此正確答案是D。3.C本題的問題是：在二戰(zhàn)之后的幾年，中產(chǎn)階級可以被定義為，本篇第一段提到了當時美國經(jīng)濟不斷增長并且人們生活水平有了提高，因此選擇C選項，繁榮并且樂觀。4.C本題的問題是：第一段中的lnotherwords這個短語與下列說法一致的是，Inotherwords漢語意思是換句話來說，因此正確答案是C。5.A本題的問題是：單詞collectively的漢語意思是“相同地”，選擇A。I第十篇ALetterfromAlanIhavelearntofaplantobuildthreehundredhousesonthelandcalledParsonsPlacebythefootballground.Fewpeopleknowaboutthisnewplantoincreasethesizeofourtown.Forme，ParsonsPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelax-thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.Itsveryquietbecausetherearefewhousesorroadsnearby.Ithinkthatlosingthisareawillbeterriblebecausewehavenoothersimilarfacilitiesintheneighbourhood.Iamalsoagainstthisplanbecauseitwillcausetrafficproblems.Howwillthepeoplefromthenewhousestraveltowork?Themotorwayandtherailwaystationareontheothersideoftown.Therefore，thesepeoplewillhavetodrivethroughthetowncentreeverytimetheygoanywhere.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.Shopsandhotelswilllosebusiness.Ifthetownreallyneedsmorehomes，theemptygroundbesidetherailwaystationisamoresuitableplace.Nodoubtthebuilderswillmakealotofmoneybysellingthesehouses.But，inmyopinion，theaveragepersonwillquicklybemadepoorerbythisplan.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestaboutthisplanandIhopethatyourreaderswilljoinmethere.Wemustmakethemstopthisplanbeforeitistoolate.詞匯:facility/f?sil?ti/n.場所，設(shè)施protest/pr?utest/v.抗議motorway/m?ut?wei/n.高速公路注釋:1.Forme，ParsonsPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelaxthesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.對我來說，帕森場是非常特別的，因為它是一個美麗的天然場地并且當?shù)厝丝梢栽诖朔潘尚菹?。這片小樹林里有許多獨特的樹木并且這里的小溪受到了漁夫和野鳥觀察者的歡迎。2.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.公路上將總是有很多車輛，卻沒有地方停車，并且來參觀我們這兒可愛的老式建筑物的觀光者將會離開這里。3.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.不但如此，我們將失去一個非常特別的地方并且我們的城鎮(zhèn)將會失去很多快樂。練習(xí):1.WhyhasAlanwrittenthisletter?A)Topersuadethegovernmenttobuildnewhouses.B)Toprotestaboutanewmotorwaynearthetown.C)ToencouragemorepeopleinthetowntouseParsonsPlace.D)Toinformotherpeopleaboutthebuildersplans.2.WhyisParsonsPlaceparticularlyimportant，inAlansopinion?A)Becauseitisnearthefootballground.B)Becauselotsofpeoplelivenearit.C)Becauseitisaplacenearthetownwherepeoplecanenjoynature.D)Becauselocalpeoplecangetthereeasilybycarfromthetown.3.Whatwillcausetrafficjams?A)AbuildingonParsonsPlace.B)Buildingneartherailwaystation.C)Touristsinthenarrowstreets.D)Peoplegoingtotheshopsandhotels.4.Alansaysthatordinarypeoplewholiveinthetownwillprobablysoon_.A)opennewshopsandhotelsB)choosetolivenearthestationC)beabletobuynewhomesD)havelessmoney5.WhichofthesepostershasAlanmade?A)SAVEOURSPORTSGROUNDB)SAYNOTOHOUSESONPARSONSPLACEC)WENEEDHOMESNOTHOTELSD)USETHETRAINNOTTHEROAD答案與題解:1.D本題問的是:為什么Alan寫這封信?A、B、C選項在文中沒有提到，D選項的意思是讓其他人了解建筑商的計劃，因此D是正確答案。2.C本題問的是:在Alan看來，為什么帕森場非常重要?第一段中提到“因為它是一個美麗的天然場地并且當?shù)厝丝梢栽诖朔潘尚菹ⅰ?。因此C是正確答案。3.A本題問的是:什么將會引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的計劃，那么“公路上將總是有很多車輛，卻沒有地方來停車”。因此選擇A。4.D本題問的是:Alan說住在城鎮(zhèn)的人們將來可能會，本文第三段提到“每個人將會因這個計劃的實施而快速地變窮。因此選擇D。5.B本題問的是:以下哪個是Alan制作的海報?Alan在本文中一直在說抵制建筑商在帕森場上建造房屋的計劃，因此選擇B，對帕森場上的房屋說不。第十一篇TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones，courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement，theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance，himselfadevoteddancer，foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany，theBalletsRusses，broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants，GeorgeBalanchine，wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.詞匯:adjust/?d?st/v.調(diào)整eliminate/ilimineit/v.淘汰pageant/pd?nt/n.盛會influential/influen?l/adj.有影響力的注釋:1.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.在那時，芭蕾舞在國王、王后以及貴族之間變得普遍，并且與音樂、詩歌以及舞蹈一起參與到盛會的表演。2.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.直到17世紀女舞者縮短了她們的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通過男舞者的幫助開始做一些跳躍和轉(zhuǎn)圈動作。3.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.由此正式確定了腳的5個基本位置，這5個外開的位置成為發(fā)展芭蕾舞技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。練習(xí):1.Thispassagedealsmainlywith_.A)famousnamesinballetB)FrenchversusRussianballetC)thewayballetdevelopedD)whyballetisnolongerpopular2.Animportantinfluenceinearlyballetwas_.A)BalanchineB)MarieAntoinetteC)DiaghilevD)LouisXIV3.Youcanconcludefromthispassagethatballet_.A)isadyingartB)willcontinuetochangeasnewpeopleandideasinfluenceitC)isonlycurrentlyperformedinRussiaandtheUnitedStatesD)isoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining4.Theinformationinthispassageispresented_.A)throughthestoryofonedancerB)bydescribingvariouspositionsandstepsC)bylistingreasonswhyballethassucceededD)inchronologicalorder5.Thewordpageantsmeans_.A)dancesB)instructorsC)kingsD)elaborateshows答案與題解:1.C本題問的是:這篇文章主要講述的是，A、B、D選項都是文章的一部分，而本文主要講的就是芭蕾舞的發(fā)展，因此C是正確答案。2.D本題問的是:對于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影響是，本文第三段提到“在17世紀，專業(yè)的芭蕾舞蹈團應(yīng)運而生”“法國國王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈學(xué)院”，因此D是正確答案。3.B本題問的是:從這篇文章你可以總結(jié)出芭蕾，A、C、D選項在文中沒有提到，結(jié)合本文最后一段可以看出B選項是正確的，芭蕾將隨著新的人物和新的想法而改變。4.D本題問的是:本文的信息是通過何種方式介紹的。本文從芭蕾舞的起源開始一直介紹到芭蕾舞的現(xiàn)況，因此選擇D，按照時間前后的順序。5.D本題問的是:單詞pageant的漢語意思是什么，正確答案是D，盛大的表演。第十六篇TheSaharaThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfordesertorsteppe.At3.5millionsquaremiles，anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates，theSaharaDesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.ltspansthecontinentfromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas130F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas2.5percent，thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfiveinchesofrainperyear，whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallforyears.AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.Herethesanddunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.HeresandplainsstretchoveranarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.YetsittinginthemidstofthesurroundingdesertisthetownofBilma.SuddenlytherearepoolsofcIearwater.Surprisingly，therearegrovesofdatepalms.Undergroundwaterresources，oroases，sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.Corn，cassava，tea，peanuts，hotpeppers，andorange，lime，andgrapefruittreesgrowinthesefields.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.TheSaharaofNigerisstillaregionwhereyoucanseeacamelcaravanof500camelstiedtogetherinlooselinesaslongasamile，travelingtowardsuchoasistowns.Thereacaravanwillcollectlife-sustainingsalt，whichisminedfromwaterybasins，andtransportitupto400milesbacktosettlementsontheedgesofthedesert.Theroundtripacrossthevastsandstakesonemonth.詞匯:Humidity/hjumId?tl/n.濕度irrigate/lrlgelt/v.灌溉stretch/stret?/v.伸展camel/km?l/n.駱駝datepalmsn.椰棗樹注釋:1.Undergroundwaterresources，oroases，sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.在干河床和洼地處可找到充足的地下水資源或者綠洲來支持灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)。2.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.灌溉溝渠通過一條小溪到達水田中。3.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.青草上放養(yǎng)著驢和山羊。練習(xí):1.Thispassageismostlyabout_.A)lifeintheSaharaB)thedesertsofAfricaC)BilmaD)howcamelstravelinthedesert2.RainfallinmostoftheSaharais_.A)lessthanfiveinchesperyearB)lessthanteninchesperyearC)lessthantwentyinchesperyearD)zero3.TheSaharacanbedescribedas_.A)aplaceofcontrastsB)aplacewherenooneIivesC)anareawherethewintersarecoldD)anareathatappealstomanytourists4.ThephraseanarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStatesgivesanindicationofthesizeof_.A)northernAfricaB)NigerC)theSaharaD)allofAfrica5.Inthispassagecaravanmeans_.A)travelingcircusB)grouptravelingtogetherthroughdifficultcountryC)railroadtrainD)asmall，fastsailingship答案與題解:1.A本題問的是:這篇文章主要講了什么?根據(jù)文段，本文主要介紹了撒哈拉沙漠的地理概況，城鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)業(yè)，以及城鎮(zhèn)之間的日常來往。B選項范圍過寬。C選項不全面，文章不止介紹了比爾馬的情況。D選項文中沒有具體介紹。所以A是對的。2.A本題問的是:在撒哈拉的絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)，降雨情況如何?根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話，撒哈拉的絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)每年降雨量低于5英寸。所以A正確。3.A本題問的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么?A的意思是，一個具有強烈對比的地方。B的意思是杳無人煙的地方。C的意思是冬天很冷的地區(qū)。D的意思是吸引很多游客的地方。B，C，D均不符合文意，因此A正確。4.C本題問的是:句子“大約和美國大小相當?shù)牡貐^(qū)”指明的是什么地方的大小?根據(jù)第一段的第二句話可知，本句的主語是撒哈拉沙漠。因此C正確。5.B本題問的是:文中“caravan”的意思是什么?A的意思是旅行馬戲團。C是火車。D是又小又快的帆船。根據(jù)文中的介紹，穿過沙漠的駝隊由上百只駱駝組成，來到綠洲城鎮(zhèn)收集鹽，因此B選項“一群人一起穿過條件惡劣的國家”是正確的。*第十九篇TheFamilyThestructureofa