2009年1月自學(xué)考試現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題.doc

自考網(wǎng)絡(luò)培訓(xùn)班(/zk/kc/)-精品課程在線免費試聽聯(lián)展自考網(wǎng)(/zk/ks/)-中國最好的自考輔導(dǎo)資料網(wǎng)站全國2009年1月高等教育自學(xué)考試現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題課程代碼：00830I.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA，B，C，orDinthebrackets.(2%10=-20)1.Phoneticsprovidesthemeanstodescribethespeechsounds，showinghowtheydiffer；phonologytellsusthattheyfunctionas_，actingtocontrastwords.()A.soundsunitsB.soundfeaturesC.phonemesD.allophones2.Alphabeticspellingrepresentsthepronunciationofwords；butitisoftenthecasethatthesoundsofthewordsinalanguageareratherunsystematicallyrepresentedby_()A.writingB.orthographyC.transcriptionD.phonology3._morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes，eitherfreeorbound，toformaword.()A.BoundB.FreeC.InflectionalD.Derivational4._categoriesrefertocombinationofwordsofdifferentcategories，suchasnounphrases(NP)，verbphrases(VP)inEnglish.()A.LexicalB.PhrasalC.SemanticD.Logical5.Insemanticanalysisofasentence，a(n)_isalogicalparticipantinapredication，largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement(s)inasentence.()A.argumentB.subjectC.objectD.attribute6.Ofthethreespeechactsaspeakermightbeperformingsimultaneouslywhenspeaking，linguistsaremostinterestedinthe_actbecauseitisidenticalwiththespeakersintention.()A.performativeB.constativeC.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary7.MiddleEnglishbeganwiththearrivaloftheNormanFrenchinvadersinEnglandunderWilliamtheConquerorin1066.ForaboutacenturyandahalfaftertheNormanConquest，MiddleEnglishwasheavilyinfluencedbyFrench，mostnoticeablyinlargeandcentralareasof_.()A.vocabularyB.pronunciation自考網(wǎng)絡(luò)培訓(xùn)班(/zk/kc/)-精品課程在線免費試聽聯(lián)展自考網(wǎng)(/zk/ks/)-中國最好的自考輔導(dǎo)資料網(wǎng)站C.morphologyD.syntax8.Dependingonthedemandsofaparticularcommunicativesituation，bilingualormultilingualspeakersmaychangebetweenlanguagevarietiesinthemiddleofspeechoreveninthemiddleofasentence.Suchasituationisknownas_.()A.bilingualismB.multilingualismC.diglossiaD.code-switching9.Languagedisorderresultingfromadamageto_areainthebrainrevealsword-findingdifficultiesandproblemswithsyntax.()A.WernickesB.BrocasC.GagesD.Genies10.StudiesontheeffectsofformalinstructiononsecondlanguageacquisitionshowthatformalinstructionmayhelplearnersperformsometypesoftasksEXCEPT_.()A.plannedspeechB.writingC.career-orientedexamD.casualandspontaneousconversationII.Directions：Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword，thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)l1.Mlinguistics，unlikethelinguisticstudynormallyknownas“grammar”whichsetsmodelsandrulesforlanguageuserstofollow，ismostlydescriptive，i.e.，itattemptstodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse，beit“correct”ornot.12.Manylanguages，includingEnglish，havevowelscalledd，whichcouldalsobedescribedasasequenceoftwovowels.13.Arisoftenseenaspartofaword；itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning；itmustbecombinedwithanothersimilarformoranaffixtoformaword.14.Inacomplexsentence，theincorporated，orsubordinate，clauseisnormallycalledaneclause.15.IntheEnglishvocabularytherearetwocategoriesofwords：nwordsandborrowedwords.16.“Yourmoneyoryourlife!”aimstothreaten，anditisaspecificinstanceofd17.Backformationreferstoaprocessbywhichnewwordsarecoinedfromalreadyexistingwordsbytakingawayanathoughttobepartoftheoldword，forexample，editderivedfromeditoronthemistakenassumptionthat“-or”wastheagentivesuffix.18.Inthe1969editionoftheAmericanHeritageDictionary，examplesusedtoillustratethemeaningofwordsinclude“manlycourageand“masculinecharm.Womendonotfareaswell.asexemplifiedby“womanishtearsand“feminine自考網(wǎng)絡(luò)培訓(xùn)班(/zk/kc/)-精品課程在線免費試聽聯(lián)展自考網(wǎng)(/zk/ks/)-中國最好的自考輔導(dǎo)資料網(wǎng)站wiles.Thisindicatesthatlanguagereflectssinsociety.19.Thecperiodhypothesisreferstoaperiodinoneslifeextendingfromaboutagetwotopuberty,duringwhichthehumanbrainismostreadytoacquireaparticularlanguage.20.Althoughtheylackgrammaticalmorphemes，tsentencesinthemultiwordstagearenotsimplywordsrandomlystrungtogether,butfollowtheprinciplesofsentenceformation.III.Directions：Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse，youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%10=20)21.()Animalcommunicationsystemalsopossessesthefeatureofdisplacement.Inotherwords，itcanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituations.22.()Vowelsusuallyconstitutethenucleusofsyllable，sotheyaretypicallysyllabic.Consonantscannotbesyllabic.ThesameistrueofEnglishconsonants.23.()X-bartheoryandphrasestructurerulesaresimilar,andtheyplaythesamerolesinexplainingtheinternalstructuresoflanguage.24.()Transformationalrulesaretherulesthatweusetogeneralizethesyntacticmovementthatoccurswhenaconstituentinasentencemovesoutofitsoriginalplacetoanewposition.25.()Agrammaticallywell-formedsentencemaybeasemanticallyill-formedsentence.26.()WhileconversationparticipantsnearlyalwaysobservetheCooperativePrinciple，theydonotalwaysobservethesemaximsstrictly.27.()TheGreatVowelShiftdidnotleadtothediscrepanciesbetweenthepronunciationandthespellingsystemofModenEnglish.28.()Diglossiadescribesanystablelinguisticsituation，inwhichthereexistsastrictgrammaticaldifferentiationbetweenahighvarietyorH-varietyandalowvarietyorL-variety.29.()Languagefunctionsarebelievedtobelateralizedprimarilyintherighthemisphereofthebrain.30.()Nolanguageisinferiororsuperiortoanyotherlanguage，andnosinglehuman，exceptthosewithmentalorphysicalimpairments，isabetterorworselanguageacquirerthananyotherhuman.IV.Directions：Explainthefollowingterms，usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration，ifnecessary.(310=30)