XKA5032A型數(shù)控銑床的編程方法外文翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 1 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) 附錄（ A） XKA5032A CNC milling machine programming methods0020 I floor, tin Abstract: This paper XKA5032A CNC milling machine programming format, method and characteristics of the NC programming of the key and difficult, by the relevantsolutions for CNC milling machine programming provides a useful method Key words: NC programming； programming instructions； mechanism of 1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, numerical control technology developed rapidly, the penetration rate of CNC machine tools continuously improve to CNC machine tools as the representative of the foundation of modern machinery has become Chinas manufacturing industry realized an important means of production modernization. Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant production XKA5032 NC vertical lifts CNC milling machine programming and operation of the system equipped with OKUMA OSP700M NC system, which many of the features of NC and other similar systems. In its resolution, the procedures of the pretreatment time, interpolation time, and so has a good performance. This article of the NC system programming methods and related issues. 2 basis for programming and format 2.1 Coordinate axis named At present, the international community have adopted a uniform standard coordinate system, the NC machine tool components for mobile location and direction are used coordinate axis said. International standards (ISO) standards and Chinas Buban provided for in the machine coordinates Cartesian coordinates use of the right hand rule. Figure 1 is a vertical lifts CNC milling machine coordinate system 2.2 determine the coordinates axis (1) Z-axis 第 2 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) Z-axis is perpendicular to the direction of the axis milling machine spindle as Z direction, Z-axis tool away from the workpiece at the same time provides the direction for the Z-axis is the direction (2) X-axis X-axis is the level at the workpiece and the installation of telling parallel plane. The main provisions of the right post for the X-axis is the direction. (3) Y-axis Y-axis under the direction of Z, X axial right angle Cartesian coordinate system to determine the rules. (4) rotating Rotate with A, B, C, its provisions were around X, Y, Z axis of rotation direction of movement, with its right hand spiral rules are determined direction. Figure 1 for A, BC, is the direction Figure 1 2.3 programming format OKUMA OSP700M NC system uses the procedures of the format is a word address procedures of the format, also known as the address at variable procedures of the format. In the process of the word does not have strict order, letters (address) after the number of the median may be little more than (that is, the figures in front of 0 to 0 can be omitted). For example, N0020, G00 and G01 can also be written in N20, G0 and G1. Such a procedure of the format is simple, intuitive and easy inspection, extensive application. Each of the procedures in a number of characters. If N0020 G90 G00 X60 Y90 this procedure Paragraph, G90 position as the absolute size model, G00 location for the fast-moving, X60, Y90 coordinates for the location, it said that a complete action. Spindle (tool) in absolute size 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 3 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) location quickly targeted to X60, Y90 coordinate positions, X60 said X-axis positive coordinates 60 mm, X coordinates for the address, 60 for the coordinates of numerical size, Y90 word that Y-axis Positive coordinates 90 mm, Y coordinates for the address, 90 to coordinate numerical size. 2.3.1 ready to function G The code is ready to function from the letters (known as the address at) G and behind the two figures said. G code according to their different functions into several groups. G code There are two types: the modal code and non-G-mode G-code. Non-modal code-G was only confined to the procedures specified in paragraph one of the effective, G04 said the suspension order is non-modal G-code. G-modal code also known as the continued validity code, with continuity, follow-up procedures in the same paragraph as long as the other Group G does not appear before the code has been effective. Such as the G15 H1, which G15 is to facilitate programming, numerical control machine tools provided by the workpiece coordinates the functions of settings, is the modal, H1 to the workpiece coordinates of the group. Some modal code can be machine-state to set parameters, making it the default of an effective state, such as the G00 X0 Y0 that rapid positioning to 0.1. 2.3.2 Accessibility Code M Accessibility code letters (known as the address at) M and the back-digit form. It used to command and the state machine-assisted movements of the features, such as machining operation of the process of instruction, starting solenoid valves, and other operations, start and stop the spindle and cutting of the switches, etc. Remove some fixed, GM of M code, many functions of the M NC machine tool manufacturers by the code set. Such as the M00 to stop that process. M00 is a suspension order, when the implementation of the procedures of the M00 directive, the spindle to stop, stop feeding, cutting fluid closure process to stop. It is like a single procedure of the implementation of the same operation, the status of all saved, use of NC orders start by pressing the start button, the machine will continue to operate. In a procedure, the M can only prepare a code, if a procedure in the preparation of a paragraph at the same time two or more M code, only the last M code effectively, the rest of the M code is void. 2.3.3 main function of the code S 第 4 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) Spindle speed by the letter and called the address at the back of a number of figures that, in units of r / min. For example, S200, said spindle speed for the 200 r / min. 2.3.4 Tool function code t Tool function by the letters (known as the address at) T and the back-digit to that. As the machine tool equipment in the exchange of multi-processing procedures, must select a suitable tool for each of the tool should be a knife, knife, in the process of designation, numerical control system in accordance with the instructions prepared under a knife, for example, that T6 No. 6, will be ready tool. 2.3.5 into the code to function F Feed rate by the letters (known as the address at) F and a number of figures to back that, in units of mm / min (rice) or in / min (system-inch). For example, the meter system F150, that feed speed of 150 mm / min. 2.3.6 Tool length compensation code H Tool length compensation by the letter and called the address at the back of several figures. H after the number of stored value compensation tool length of the register address. For example, H18, Cutter said the length of compensation with the value of No. 18. 2.3.7 tool radius compensation code D Tool radius compensation features of the letters (known as the address at) D and the back of several figures. D after the number of storage tool radius compensation for the value of the register address. For example, D16, that tool radius of compensation with the value of No. 16. 2.3.8 Other common code The starting point along the center of the coordinates for the X-axis I, relative to the starting point along the central axis of the Y coordinates J, called the process 0 3 programming examples 3.1 parts of a link that Figure 2, Asked the thickness of 20 mm for the link to the outline of Fine turning NC (1) Tool Selection 20 mm of end mills. (2) a high degree of security Z50mm. (3) Feed / retreat knife: more than 20 mm from the workpiece, a straight line to cut food 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 5 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) into the knife, cut lead to the withdrawal arc knife. (4) of parts drawings and outline the characteristics of linkage, determine the processing line, a technology deal with. (5) positioning stations fixture right 30 mm hole, and as a coordinate origin and the knife, make programming simple, and can guarantee precision machining. Parts of the cutter from the end of a certain distance from the surface, the choice of end mills busy high-speed steel materials is determined walk the knife line, the need to consider all people to cut to cut. Walk the knife line milling great circle: P1 P2 P3 P1 milling small round P4 P6 P5 P4 milling the entire outline of P1 P2 P5 P4 P6 P3 P1 3.2 mathematical treatment Demand for a linkage of various geometric elements of the tangent point coordinates, and determined to walk the knife line calculation of the coordinates of the points, application of 1.30, analytic geometry and mathematical methods can be obtained. They workpiece coordinates of the absolute coordinates: 0, (0,0)； P1 (40,0)； P2 (-3.920,39.810)； P3 (-3.920, -39.810)； P4 (-188.0)； P5 (-156.330,23.886)； P6 (-156.330, -23.886)； P7 (-164,0)； 第 6 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) 3.3-preparation process Procedures for the preparation of the format single-link parts processing procedures are as follows: Section 001 procedures, 0001 N0005 G90 G40 G80 G17 ready to function by absolute position G code programming instructions manner, the write-off tool radius compensation and circulatory function, select XY coordinate plane N0010 G15 H1 workpiece coordinates for the designated No. 1 N0015 G00 X0 Y0 X-axis and Y-axis rapid positioning the workpiece to 0.1% N0020 G56 H02 Z50 Z to specify the length of compensation tool, compensation, H02, Tsim Z rapid positioning along the Z50 N0025 G00 X60 Y-40 S300 M03 spindle is to advance to the S300 rapid speed manual -, S only yards from the tips of N0030 G42 X60 Y-10 tool to set the feed rate for linear interpolation cutter approach to the workpiece out of the workpiece N0035 X60 Y0 will be a tool out of the workpiece diameter cutter 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 7 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) N0040 M08 coolant open N0045 G1 Z8 F20 under the knife to 8 mm high, milling first round N0055 G03 X-40 Y0 I-40 J0 tool radius right compensation, a round Fox introduced into the knife to cut to the point P1 N0060 G03 X40 Y0 I40 J0 counter-clockwise circle Fox interpolation milling semicircle N0065 G40 G02 X60 I40 J0 arc leads to cutting knife to retire N0070 G00 Z30 N0075 X-208 Y0 will be a tool out of the workpiece diameter cutter N0085 G42 D1 G02 X-188 Y0 I10 under the knife to 8 mm high, milling second round J0 F100 N0090 G3 X-140 Y0 I24 J0 circular interpolation milling semicircle N0100 G40 G02 X-208 I-24 J0 circular interpolation milling semicircle N0110 X60 Y0 will be a tool out of the workpiece diameter cutter N0115 G00 Z-1 F20 under the knife to -1 mm high, the entire outline of milling N0120 G42 D01 G02 X40 I-40 J0 tool radius right compensation, the introduction of tangential arc Feed Point P4 F100 N0125 G03 X-3.902 Y39.810 I-20 J0 interpolation-to-point arc P2 N0130 G01 X-156.330 Y23.886 linear interpolation to point P5 N0135 G03 Y-23.886 I3.30 J-23.886-to-point arc interpolation P6 N0140 G01 X-3.902 Y-39.810-to-point linear interpolation P3 N0145 G03 X40 Y0 I3.902 J39.810 interpolation-to-point arc P1 N0150 G40 G02 X60 I10 J0 write-off compensation tool radius, arc leads to the retreat cutting knife N0155 G00 Z50 rapid positioning to Z50 N0160 M02 main program end Programming note 4 (1) familiar with the functions of NC machine tools, cutting parameters, such as tool and fixture on the whole process of processing the workpiece to be carefully considered and 第 8 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) rational manner. (2) use of Machinery Manufacturing Technology, metal-cutting machine tools and other aspects of knowledge, analysis of parts design, technology and determine a reasonable process line, determined walk the knife line. (3) to determine tool, fixture programme, a reasonable choice of cutting consumption. Determine spindle speed S, F feed rate cutting consumption parameters. Choose a suitable method of processing technology, arrangement of parts processing, corresponding to different processing the different surface knives, cutting the amount, advance and retreat knife path, spindle speed, and so on. (4) selected workpiece coordinates, and then on the trajectory calculation of the coordinates of the points. Workpiece coordinates of the origin and design of benchmarks should be unified. If not the tool radius of compensation should be calculated Tool Centre track. (5) NC programming, according to the characteristics of NC, to focus on processes to minimize the number of ATC, shortening the trip air routes so that the processes of practical and efficient. (6) In order to avoid the actual processing of the unexpected 2, the procedure will enter machine, programmers have to lock machine (machine locked and trial operation function), then use the machine the Track animated feature, simulation process. 5 Conclusion Of the above, the master basic method of NC programming and on the basis of this further improved, the need for a large number of programming and the actual operation, in practice, accumulated rich experience. Programming, programming staff to understand the performance of CNC machine tools, specifications and operation； enhancing technology, tool and fixture knowledge of the study, a reasonable choice knives, cutting a fixture and the amount and form good habits and style programming. 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 9 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) XKA5032A型數(shù)控銑床的編程方法 摘要 ： 本文通過(guò) XKA5032A型數(shù)控銑床的編程格式、方法及特點(diǎn) , 探討了數(shù)控編程的關(guān)鍵和難點(diǎn) , 提出了相關(guān)的解決措施 , 為數(shù)控銑床的編程提供了有益的方法 關(guān)鍵詞 ：數(shù)控編程；編程指令；機(jī)制工藝 1引言 近年來(lái) , 數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展十分迅速 , 數(shù)控機(jī)床的普及率不斷提高 , 以數(shù)控機(jī)床為代表的現(xiàn)代基礎(chǔ)機(jī)械已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)制造業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)代化的重要手段。北京第一機(jī)床廠生產(chǎn)的 XKA5032型數(shù)控立式升降臺(tái)銑床的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的編程與操作配備了 OKUMA OSP700M數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)許多功能與其他數(shù)控系統(tǒng)相似。它在分辨率、程序段預(yù)處理時(shí)間、插補(bǔ)時(shí)間等方面具有良好的性能。本文主要探討該數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的編程方法及有關(guān)問(wèn)題。 2 編程基礎(chǔ)及格式 2.1坐標(biāo)軸的命名 目前 , 國(guó)際上已采用統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)坐標(biāo)系 , 數(shù)控機(jī)床各部件的移動(dòng)位置和方向都用坐標(biāo)軸表示。國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ ISO）和我國(guó)部頒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系采用右手笛卡爾坐標(biāo)系法則。圖 1為立式升降臺(tái)數(shù)控銑床坐標(biāo)系 2.2坐標(biāo)軸的確定 （ 1） Z軸 Z軸是垂直的 , 以銑床主軸軸線方向作為 Z軸方向 , Z軸同時(shí)規(guī)定刀具遠(yuǎn)離工件的方向?yàn)?Z軸的正方向 （ 2） X軸 X軸是水平的 , 位于與工件安裝面相平行的平面內(nèi)。主軸的立柱右方規(guī)定為 X軸的正方向。 （ 3） Y軸 Y軸方向根據(jù) Z、 X軸向右手直角笛卡爾坐標(biāo)系法則來(lái)確定。 （ 4）旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng) 第 10 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) 旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)用 A、 B、 C表示 , 規(guī)定其分別繞 X、 Y、 Z軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的方向運(yùn)動(dòng) , 用右手螺旋法則判定其正方向。如圖 1為 A、 BC、的正方向 圖 1 2.3 編程格式 OKUMA OSP700M數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用的程序段格式是字一地址程序段格式 , 也稱(chēng)為地址符可變程序段格式。程序段中各字的先后排列順序并不嚴(yán)格 , 字母（地址）后的數(shù)字 的位數(shù)可多可少（即前面為 0的數(shù)字可將 0省略） 。 例如 N0020、 G00和 G01也可寫(xiě)成 N20、 G0和 G1。這種程序段格式簡(jiǎn)便、直觀 , 容易檢查 , 應(yīng)用廣泛。每一個(gè)程序段中有若干個(gè)字。如在 N0020 G90 G00 X60 Y90這個(gè)程序 段中 , G90為絕對(duì)位置尺寸模式 , G00為點(diǎn)定位快速移動(dòng) , X60、 Y90為坐標(biāo)位置 , 它表示了一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作。主軸（刀具）以絕對(duì)位置尺寸方式快速定位到“ X60、 Y90” 的坐標(biāo)位置 , “ X60”表示 X軸正向坐標(biāo) 60mm, X為坐標(biāo)地址 , 60為坐標(biāo)尺寸數(shù)值 ,“ Y90” 字表示 Y軸正向坐標(biāo) 90mm, Y為坐標(biāo)地址 , 90為坐標(biāo)尺寸數(shù)值。 2.3.1準(zhǔn)備功能 G 準(zhǔn)備功能代碼是由字母 (稱(chēng)為地址符 )G和后面的二位數(shù)字來(lái)表示。 G代碼按其功能的不同分為若干組。 G代碼有兩種型態(tài) :即模態(tài)式 G代碼和非模態(tài)式 G代碼。非模態(tài)式 G代碼只限定在被指定的某個(gè)程序段中有效 ,G04表示暫停的指令屬于非模態(tài)式 G代碼。模態(tài)式 G代碼又稱(chēng)為續(xù)效代碼 , 具有延續(xù)性 , 在后續(xù)程序段中只要同組其他 G代碼未出現(xiàn)之前一直有效。如 G15 H1, 其中 G15是為了方便編程 , 由數(shù)控機(jī)床提供工件坐標(biāo)系的設(shè)定功能 ,是模態(tài) 的 , H1為工件坐標(biāo)系的組號(hào)。有的模態(tài)式代碼可以通過(guò)機(jī)床狀態(tài)參數(shù)來(lái)設(shè)定 , 使它成為默認(rèn)的有效狀態(tài) , 如 G00 X0 Y0表示快速定位至零點(diǎn)。 2.3.2輔助功能代碼 M 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 11 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) 輔助功能代碼由字母 (稱(chēng)為地址符 )M和后面的位數(shù)字組成。它用來(lái)指令機(jī)床輔助動(dòng)作及其狀態(tài)的功能 , 如機(jī)床加工操作時(shí)的工藝性指令、起動(dòng)電磁閥等操作、主軸的啟停、切削液的開(kāi)關(guān)等。除去一些固定、通用的 M代碼 , 許多數(shù)控功能的 M代碼都由機(jī)床制造廠商確定。如 M00表示程序停止。 M00是一個(gè)暫停指令 , 當(dāng)執(zhí)行有 M00指令的程序段后 , 主軸停轉(zhuǎn)、進(jìn)給停止、切 削液關(guān)閉、程序停止。它像執(zhí)行單個(gè)程序段操作一樣 , 把狀態(tài)信息全部保存起來(lái) , 利用 NC命令啟動(dòng)按下“ 啟動(dòng)”按鈕 , 可使機(jī)床繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。在一個(gè)程序段中只能編寫(xiě)一個(gè) M代碼 ；如果在一個(gè)程序段中同時(shí)編寫(xiě)了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的 M代碼時(shí) , 則只有最后一個(gè) M代碼有效 , 其余的 M代碼均無(wú)效。 2.3.3主軸功能代碼 S 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速由字母稱(chēng)為地址符及后面的若干位數(shù)字來(lái)表示 , 單位為 r/min。例如 S200, 表示主軸轉(zhuǎn)速為 200r/min。 2.3.4刀具功能代碼 t 刀具功能由字母 (稱(chēng)為地址符 )T及后面的位數(shù)字來(lái)表示。由于有刀具交換裝 置的機(jī)床在進(jìn)行多道工序加工時(shí) , 必須選取合適的刀具每把刀具應(yīng)安排一個(gè)刀號(hào) , 刀號(hào)在程序中指定 , 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)按照指令準(zhǔn)備下一把刀 , 例如 T6表示將準(zhǔn)備第 6號(hào)刀具。 2.3.5 進(jìn)給功能代碼 F 進(jìn)給速度由字母 (稱(chēng)為地址符 )F及后面的若干數(shù)字來(lái)表示 , 單位為 mm/min(米制 )或in/min(英寸制 )。例如 , 米制的 F150, 表示進(jìn)給速度為 150mm/min。 2.3.6 刀具長(zhǎng)度補(bǔ)償功能代碼 H 刀具長(zhǎng)度補(bǔ)償功能由字母稱(chēng)為地址符及后面的幾位數(shù)字表示。 H后的數(shù)字為存放刀具長(zhǎng)度補(bǔ)償值的寄存器地址號(hào)。例如 H18, 表示 刀具長(zhǎng)度補(bǔ)償量用第 18號(hào)的值。 2.3.7 刀具半徑補(bǔ)償功能代碼 D 刀具半徑補(bǔ)償號(hào)功能由字母（稱(chēng)為地址符） D及后面的幾位數(shù)字表示。 D后的數(shù)字為存放刀具半徑補(bǔ)償值的寄存器地址號(hào)。例如 D16, 表示刀具半徑補(bǔ)償量用第 16號(hào)的值。 2.3.8 其他常用代碼 圓心相對(duì)于起點(diǎn)沿 X軸的坐標(biāo)為 I, 圓心相對(duì)于起點(diǎn)沿 Y軸的坐標(biāo) J, 程序名為 0 第 12 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) 3 編程實(shí)例 3.1 一連桿零件知 圖 2, 要求對(duì)厚度為 20mm的連桿的輪廓進(jìn)行精銑數(shù)控加工 (1)刀具選擇 20mm的立銑刀。 (2)安全 面高度 Z50mm。 (3)進(jìn)刀 /退刀方式 :離開(kāi)工件 20mm以上 ,直線引人切向進(jìn)刀 , 圓弧引出切向退刀。 (4)分析零件圖樣和連桿輪廓的特征點(diǎn) , 確定加工路線 , 進(jìn)行工藝處理。 (5)定位站裝夾右邊 30mm的孔上 , 并以此為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)及對(duì)刀點(diǎn) , 使編程簡(jiǎn)單 , 并能保證加工精度。銑刀的端面距零件的表面要有一定的距離 , 選用忙的立銑刀材料是高速鋼確定走刀路線時(shí) , 需考慮切向切人切出。走刀路線為 銑大圓 :P1 P2 P3 P1 銑小圓 P4 P6 P5 P4 銑整個(gè)輪廓 P1 P2 P5 P4 P6 P3 P1 3.2數(shù)學(xué)處理 華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 13 頁(yè) 共 16 頁(yè) 需求出連桿機(jī)構(gòu)中各幾何元素相切的基點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)值 , 并按確定的走刀路線計(jì)算出各點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo) ,應(yīng)用三角、幾何及解析的數(shù)學(xué)方法即可求出。它們?cè)诠ぜ鴺?biāo)系中的絕對(duì)坐標(biāo)值為： 0，（ 0， 0）； P1（ 40， 0）； P2（ -3.920， 39.810） ； P3（ -3.920， -39.810） ； P4（ -18