中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)研究外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯/中英文翻譯/外文翻譯

附     錄   附錄 A  外文文獻(xiàn)原文   MARKET FORECASTTHE ANALYSIS OF TENDENCYOF  REFRIGERATED RAIL TRUCK Deng Xiaoju, You Wenli, Zhang Yingkui  College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology In the logistic of food refrigerated supply chain, food refrigerated transport is the most important. The transport we say includes middle-distance transport, long-distance transport, short-distance.    Since 1978, with the improvement of peoples living standard, the consumption of the perishable food has increased rapidly and the refrigerated rail transport has developed too .But compared with the developed countries, we should realize that we have a long way to go.   1. The problems in the development or the refrigerated rail truck and the gap between China and other developed countries.   At present, in China the problems in the industry of the refrigerated rail truck: invest but not focus, construct repeatedly, produce but not focus and not big enough to obtain profit. Now in China there are about seventy full-time and part-time manufactories, most of which just use common ways to produce the refrigerated rail truck. Now also in China there are only seven or eight manufactories that have advanced equipment and technology. Each year they con provide l0.000 refrigerated rail trucks, but only 4 .000 trucks can be sold which results in investment can't be regained easily.  The total number of the refrigerated rail trucks in China is about 30.000,but in the United States it is about 20.000. Though China's land is 20 times as large as that or Japan, in Japan the total number is about 10.000.  Among vans, only 0.3% is refrigerated rail trucks in China. While in the United Slates is 1%. In Britain, 2.8%, and in France and Germany 2%-3% .In China, refrigerated transport rate is less than 20%, while in those developed countries such as the United States, Europe, Japan it is above 80%.   Now in China a variety of refrigerated rail truck has increased and production technology has improved greatly. But in many aspects we still need improvement. For example, there are only about 100 varieties of refrigerated rail truck, which cant meet the need of the market. But in Japan in the early 70s there were about 350 varieties.    2. The analysis of tendency of refrigerated rail truck development in China.   (1)Tendency of market demand. According to the statistics, in China the increased rate of production of the easily rotten food is above l0% per year. In the cities, there are about 50 million tons of the meat, the fowl and eggs and about 6 million tons of dairy products that are sold. With the increase of production and sale, and the improvement of refrigerated transport rate, the transport capacity of our refrigerated food will increase rapidly. From the analysis of the construction of refrigerated transport quantity, at present in China refrigerated rail transport is about 25%, refrigerated rail way transport is about 55%, and other transport is about 20%, while in the developed countries refrigerated rail transport is about 60%-80% . The Tenth Five-Year Plan of China has regarded the construction of freeways and high-class highways as the focus of' the development of the communication and this will help to increase the percentage of the refrigerated rail transport and stimulate the increase of requirement for refrigerated rail truck. According to the prediction of the parties concerned by 2005, our refrigerated rail transport quantity will have reached 18 million tons.   (2)Production structure and tendency of technology development. With the development of highway construction, heavy-duty truck will be the main tool of the long-distance refrigerated rail transport. And light-duty truck will be used to transport the perishable food.   Now China attach much importance to saving energy and environment protection , and mechanical refrigeration is the main method in refrigeration technology, but the waste pollution and noise pollution is a little serious and the energy cant be used completely. Therefore, which the development of technology, the refrigerated rail truck, which uses new energy, will appear.     In order to apply to the variety, and the requirement for reducing cost, the refrigerated rail truck will be certain to develop in the direction of small units, standardization and variety.  (3)Tendency of reform in structure of refrigerated rail truck manufactory. In the logistics of the refrigerated supply chain, refrigerated rail truck is a production, which contains high technology. With the development of the market, keen competition will appear. A few specialized manufactories will gradually occupy the most of the market, because they have so many advantages, such as large scale, high technology, good quality, good service, timely supply and advanced management. Other manufactories so have a positive effect on the development of the industry, but they must have clear market position so chat they can survive in the keen competition.  All in all, in the market of refrigerated rail truck, because of competition between manufactories, product production will be centralized in 6-8manufactories. Its inevitable that good manufactories will succeed while the bad ones will fail. So all the manufactories should analyze the market features seriously, analyze competitor advantages, disadvantages and find a market chance, so chat they can manufactories that can apply to the market quickly will develop further.know their market positions well, and with their resources compete with others. In the present market, only those manufactories that can apply to the market quickly will develop further. 附錄 B  外文文獻(xiàn)中文翻譯   中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)研究   鄧曉菊，游文麗，張英奎  在食品供應(yīng)物流鏈中，食品的保鮮運(yùn)輸時(shí)最重要的。我們所說(shuō)的運(yùn)輸通常是包括了長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸、中途運(yùn)輸和短途運(yùn)輸?shù)摹? 自從 1978 以來(lái)，伴隨著人民生活水平的提高，對(duì)于新鮮食品的消耗量也迅速增加，同時(shí)推動(dòng)了冷藏運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展。但與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比，我們應(yīng)該正確認(rèn)識(shí)到我們?cè)诶洳剡\(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展道 路上還有很長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。  1.中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展問(wèn)題和與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的差距  目前，中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)工業(yè)所面臨的問(wèn)題是：有投資，但并未得到充分關(guān)注，重復(fù)建設(shè)，營(yíng)利性差。在中國(guó)現(xiàn)存的 70 多家機(jī)械制造廠(chǎng)中，大部分的廠(chǎng)子都還在應(yīng)用普通的方式生產(chǎn)冷藏車(chē)，只有 7 8 家擁有先進(jìn)的設(shè)備和技術(shù)。每年都有大約 10000 輛冷藏車(chē)投入市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行銷(xiāo)售，可是僅有 4000 輛會(huì)被購(gòu)買(mǎi)，這就意味著投資回收難度的增大。  目前中國(guó)在用冷藏車(chē)大約有 30000 輛，而在美國(guó)，在用冷藏車(chē)已經(jīng)達(dá)到 20000輛。與領(lǐng)國(guó)日本相比，雖然我們的國(guó)土面積將近是日本的 20 倍，但是 日本在用冷藏車(chē)數(shù)量也達(dá)到了 10000 輛。  在中國(guó)，冷藏車(chē)只占到貨車(chē)總數(shù)的 0.3%。然而在美國(guó)這個(gè)比例是 1%，英國(guó)是 2.8%，法國(guó)和德國(guó)達(dá)到了 2% 3%。 我國(guó)冷藏車(chē)運(yùn)輸量在總運(yùn)輸量中所占有的比例還不到 20%，與之相對(duì)的是，在美國(guó)、歐洲、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，冷藏車(chē)運(yùn)輸量往往達(dá)到了 80%以上。  雖然現(xiàn)在冷藏車(chē)的樣式得到了豐富，制造技術(shù)也大大的得到了提高，但我們還是有很多方面需要改善。面對(duì)市場(chǎng)的需求，我們只有 100 多種冷藏車(chē)可以說(shuō)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)的。在日本七十年代初就已經(jīng)擁有了 350 多種冷藏車(chē)。  2.中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展 趨勢(shì)研究  （ 1）市場(chǎng)需求趨勢(shì)。從相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中可以看出，保質(zhì)期限較短的食品的生產(chǎn)正以每年 10%的增長(zhǎng)速度增長(zhǎng)。在城市中，有大約 5 億噸的肉類(lèi)、禽類(lèi)及蛋類(lèi)和大約 6 百萬(wàn)噸的日常生活用品需要銷(xiāo)售?？梢钥闯?，隨著這些食品與生后用品的生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售，冷藏運(yùn)輸食品的能力將大大提