（英漢對照）簡明病歷書寫手冊

第一章 病人身份Identification Name 姓名 Sex 性別 Age 年齡 Occupation 職業(yè) Date of birth 出生日期 Marriage （Marital status） 婚姻 Race 民族 Place of birth (Birth place) 籍貫 Identification No.(code of ID card No.) 身份證號碼 Department of work and TEL. No. (Unit and Business phone No.) 工作單位及電話 Home address and phone No. 家庭住址及電話 Post code 郵政編碼 Person to notify (Correspondent) and phone No. 聯(lián)系人及電話 Source (Complainer；offerer；supplier；provider) of history 病史陳術(shù)者 Reliability of history 病史可靠程試 Medical security (Type of payment) 醫(yī)療費(fèi)用 Type of admission (Patient condition) 住院類別（入院時(shí)病情） Medical record No. 病歷號 Clinic diagnosis 門診診斷 Date of admission (admission date) 入院日期 Date of record 記錄日期 1、年齡的表示方法（以36歲為例） 36 years old (y/o) Age 36 36 year-old The age of 36 36 years of age 2、性別的表示方法 Male, 男性 Female, 女性 3、職業(yè)的表示方法 工人Worker 退休工作Retired worker 農(nóng)民Farmer (peasant) 干部Leader (cadre) 行政人員administrative personnel (staff) 職員staff member 商人Trader (Businessman) 教師Teacher 學(xué)生Student 醫(yī)生Doctor 藥劑師Pharmacist 護(hù)士Nurse 軍人Soldier 警察Policeman 工程師Engineer 技術(shù)員Technician 家政人員Housekeeper 家庭主婦Housewife 營業(yè)員Assistant 服務(wù)員Attendant 售票員Conductor 4、民族的表示方法 漢Han 回Hui 蒙Meng 藏Tibetan 朝鮮Korean 美國人American 日本人Japanese 英國人Britisher 5、醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的表示方法 Self pay (Individual medical care) 自費(fèi) Government insruance (Public medical care) 公費(fèi) Insurance 保險(xiǎn) Local insurance 本地醫(yī)保 Non-local in surance 外地醫(yī)保 Labor protestion care 勞保 6、婚姻狀況的表示方法 Married 已婚 Single (Unmarried) 未婚 Diverced 離婚 Widow 寡婦 Widower 鰥夫 7、病史可靠程度的表示方法 Reliable 可靠 Unreliable 不可靠 Not entirely 不完全可靠 Unobtainable 無法獲得 8、住址的表示方法 NO.3,Qing Chun Road East,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 浙江省杭州市慶春東路3號 XinDong Cun, Cheng Guan Town, Zhu Ji municipality, zhejiang province. 浙江省諸暨市（縣）城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)新東村 9、病史陳述者的表示方法 Patient himself (herself) 患者本人 Her husband 患者的丈夫 His wife 患者的妻子 Patients colleague 患者的同事 Patients neighbor 患者的鄰居 Patients Kin (Mother； Son； daughter；brother；Sister) 患者的親屬(父親、母親、兒子、女兒、兄弟、姐妹) Taximan 出租車司機(jī) Traffic police 交通警察 10、日期的表示方法 2002 年 10 月 1 日10-1-2002(10/1/2002； Oct.1,2002； Oct.lst,2002)(美國) 2002年10月1日1-10-2002(1/10/2002； 1 Oct.,2002； 1st of Oct.,2002) (英國) 11、住院類別的表示方法 Emergent (Emergency call) 急診 Urgent 危重 Elective (General) 一般（普通） 12、入院時(shí)病情的表示方法 Stable 穩(wěn)定 Unstable 不穩(wěn)定 Relative stable 相對穩(wěn)定 Critical (Imminent) 危重 Fair (General) 一般 第二章 主訴Chief Complaint 1、主訴的表示方法：癥狀+時(shí)間（Symptom+Time） 癥狀+for+時(shí)間 如： Chest pain for 2 hours 胸痛2小時(shí) 癥狀+of+時(shí)間 如： Nausea and vomiting of three days duration 惡心嘔吐3天 癥狀+時(shí)間+in duration 如： Headache 1 month in duration 頭痛1月 時(shí)間+of+癥狀 如： Two-day history of fever 發(fā)熱2天 2、常見癥狀 Fever 發(fā)熱 Pain 疼痛 Edema 水腫 Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding) 皮膚粘膜出血 Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing；Respiratory difficulty；short of breath) 呼吸困難 Cough and expectoration (Sputum；Phlegm) 咳嗽和咯痰 Hemoptysis 咯血 Cyanosis 紫紺 Palpitation 心悸 Chest discomfort 胸悶 Nausea (Retch；Dry Vomiting)and Vomiting 惡心和嘔吐 Hematemesis (Vomiting of blood) 嘔血 Hematochezia (Hemafecia) 便血 Diarrhea 腹瀉 Constipation (Obstipation) 便秘 Vertigo (Giddiness； Dizziness) 眩暈 Jaundice (Icterus) 黃疸 Convulsion 驚厥 Disturbance of consciousness 意識障礙 Hematuria 血尿 Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria 尿頻，尿急和尿痛 Incontinence of urine 尿失禁 Retention of urine 尿潴留 （1）發(fā)熱的表示方法 Infective (Septic)fever 感染性發(fā)熱 Non-infective (Aseptic)fever 非感染性發(fā)熱 Dehydration (Inanition)fever 脫水熱 Drug fever 藥物熱 Functional hypothermia 功能性低熱 Absorption fever 吸收熱 Central fever 中樞性發(fā)熱 Fever type 熱型 Continuous fever 稽留熱 Remittent fever 馳張熱 Intermittent fever 間歇熱 Undulant fever 波狀熱 Recurrent fever 回歸熱 Periodic fever 周期熱 Irregular fever 不規(guī)則熱 Ephemeral fever 短暫熱 Double peaked fever 雙峰熱 Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin, FUO 不明原因發(fā)熱 Rigor (shivering；chill；shaking chill；ague) 寒戰(zhàn) Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly；cold fits；coldness) 畏寒 Ultra-hyperpyrexia 超高熱 Hyperthermia (A high fever；hyperpyrexia；ardent fever) 高熱 Moderate fever 中度發(fā)熱 Hypothermia (Low-grade fever；slight fever；subfebrile temperature) 低熱 Become feverish (Have a temperature) 發(fā)熱 Crisis 驟降 Lysis 漸降 Typhoid fever 傷寒熱 Rheumatic fever 風(fēng)濕熱 Cancerous fever 癌性發(fā)熱 Fervescence period 升熱期 Defervescence period 退熱期 Persistent febrile period 持續(xù)發(fā)熱期 （2）疼痛的表示方法 Backache (Back pain) 背痛 Lumbago 腰痛 Headache 頭痛 Vasomotor headache 血管舒縮性頭痛 Post-traumatic headache 創(chuàng)傷后頭痛 Migraine headache 偏頭痛 Cluster headache 叢集性頭痛 Chest pain 胸痛 Precardial pain 心前區(qū)痛 Retrosternal pain 胸骨后痛 Abdominal pain (Stomachache) 腹痛 Acrodynia (pain in limbs) 肢體痛 Arthrodynia (Arthralgia) 關(guān)節(jié)痛 Dull pain 鈍痛 Sharp pain 銳痛 Twinge pain 刺痛 Knife-like pain (Piercing pain) 刀割（刺）樣痛 Aching pain 酸痛 Burning pain 燒灼痛 Colicky (Griping；cramp) pain 絞痛 Colic 絞痛 Bursting pain 脹痛（撕裂痛） Hunger pain 饑餓痛 Tic pain 抽搐痛 Bearing-down pain 墜痛 Shock-like pain 電擊樣痛 Jumping pain 反跳痛 Tenderness pain 觸痛（壓痛） Girdle-like pain 束帶樣痛 Wandering pain 游走性痛 Throbbing pain 搏動(dòng)性痛 Radiating pain 放射性痛 Cramping pain 痙攣性痛 Boring pain 鉆痛 Intense pain 劇痛 Writhing pain 痛得打滾 Dragging pain 牽引痛 Labor pain 陣痛 Cancerous pain 癌性疼痛 Referred pain 牽涉痛 Persistent pain (Unremitting pain) 持續(xù)性痛 Constant pain 經(jīng)常性痛 Intermittent pain 間歇性痛 （3）水腫的表示方法 Mucous edema (Myxedema) 粘液性水腫 Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema 心源性水腫 Nephrotic (renal) edema 腎源性水腫 Hepatic edema 肝源性水腫 Alimentary (Nutritional) edema 營養(yǎng)不良性水腫 Angioneurotic edema 血管神經(jīng)性水腫 Pitting 凹陷性 Nonpitting 非凹陷性 Localized (Local) edema 局限性水腫 Generalized edema (Anasarca) 全身性水腫 Hydrops 積水 Elephantiasic crus 橡皮腫 Cerebral(Brain) edema 腦水腫 Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0 肺水腫 Hydrocephalus 腦積水 Edema of endoscrinopathy 內(nèi)分泌病性水腫 Invisible (Recessive) edema 隱性水腫 Frank edema 顯性水腫 Inflammatory edema 炎性水腫 Idiopathic edema 特發(fā)性水腫 Cyclical edema 周期性水腫 Ascites (Abdominal effusion；hydroperiotoneum) 腹水 Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax) 胸水 Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium) 心包積液 Bronchoedema 支氣管水腫 Slight (Mild) 輕度 Moderate 中度 Serious 重度 Transudate 漏出液 Exudate 滲出液 （4）呼吸困難的表示方法 Cardiac dyspnea 心原性呼吸困難 Inspiratory 吸氣性 Expiratory 呼氣性 Mixed 混合性 Obstructive 梗阻性 Dyspnea at rest 靜息時(shí)呼吸困難 Dyspnea on exertion 活動(dòng)時(shí)呼吸困難 Dyspnea on lying down 躺下時(shí)呼吸困難 Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND 夜間陣發(fā)性呼吸困難 Orthopnea 端坐呼吸 Asthma 哮喘 Cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘 Bronchial asthma 支氣管性哮喘 Hyperpnea 呼吸深快 Periodic breathing 周期性呼吸 Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing；accelerated breathing；short of breath)氣促 Bradypnea (Slow breathing) 呼吸緩慢 Irregular breathing 不規(guī)則呼吸 （5）皮膚粘膜出血的表示方法 Bleeding spots in the skin 皮膚出血點(diǎn) Petechia 瘀點(diǎn) Eccymosis 瘀斑 Purpura 紫癜 Splinter hemorrhage 片狀出血 Oozing of the blood (Errhysis) 滲血 Blood blister (Hemophysallis) 血皰 Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding) 鼻衄 Ecchymoma 皮下血腫 （6）咳嗽與咯痰的表示方法 Dry cough (Nonproductive cough；hacking cough) 干咳 Sharp cough 劇咳 Wet cough (Moist cough) 濕咳 Productive cough (Loose cough) 排痰性咳 Chronic cough 慢性咳嗽 Irritable cough 刺激性咳嗽 Paroxysmal cough 發(fā)作性（陣發(fā)性）咳嗽 Cough continually 持續(xù)性咳嗽 Spasmodic cough 痙攣性咳嗽 Whooping cough 百日咳 Winter cough 冬季咳 Wheezing cough 喘咳 Short cough 短咳 Distressed cough 難咳 Shallow cough 淺咳 Droplet 飛沫 Frothy sputum 泡沫樣痰 Bloody sputum 血痰 Mucous (Mucoid) sputum 粘液樣痰 Purulent sputum 膿痰 Mucopurulent sputum 粘液膿性痰 White (Yellow,green) sputum 白（黃,綠）痰 Fetid (Foul) sputum 惡臭痰 Iron-rust (Rusty) sputum 鐵銹色痰 Chocolate coloured sputum 巧克力色痰 Thick sputum 濃痰 Thin sputum 淡痰 Viscous sputum 粘痰 Transparent sputum 透明痰 Much (Large amounts of) sputum 大量痰 Moderate amounts of sputum 中等量痰 Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum 少量痰 （7）內(nèi)臟出血的表示方法 Goldsteins hemoptysis戈耳斯坦氏咯血 Massive hematemesis大量嘔血 Epistasis (Nosebleed；Nasal bleeding； Hemorrhinia；rhinorrhagia)鼻衄 Hematuria 血尿 Initial hematuria 初血尿 Idiopathic hematuria 特發(fā)性血尿 Painless hematuria 無痛性血尿 Terminal hematuria 終末性血尿 Gross (Macroscopic) hematuria 肉眼血尿 Microscopic hematuria 鏡下血尿 Hematuria in the whole process of urination 全程血尿 Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia；gum bleeding) 牙齦出血 Hematochezia 便血 Bloody stool 血便 Black stool (Melena) 黑便 Tarry stool 柏油樣便 Bleeding following trauma 外傷后出血 Spontaneous bleeding 自發(fā)性出血 Bleeding Continuously 持續(xù)出血 Occult blood,OB 隱血 Hematobilia 膽道出血 Hemathorax 血胸 Hemarthrosis 關(guān)節(jié)積血 Hematocoelia 腹腔積血 Hematoma 血腫 Hemopericardium 心包積血 Cerebral hemorrhage 腦出血 Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) 蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血 Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots 月經(jīng)量多伴血塊 Mild (Moderate) menses 月經(jīng)量少（中等） Painless Vaginal bleeding 無痛性陰道出血 Postcoital bleeding 性交后出血 Pulsating bleeding 搏動(dòng)性出血 Post-operation wound hemorrhage 術(shù)后傷口出血 Excessive bleeding after denal extraction 拔牙后出血過多 （8）紫紺的表示方法 Congenital cyanosis 先天性紫紺 Enterogenous 腸源性 Central 中樞性 Peripheral 周圍性 Mixed 混合性 Acrocyanosis 指端紫紺 （9）惡心與嘔吐的表示方法 Vomiturition (Retching) 干嘔 Feel nauseated 惡心感 Postprandial nausea 飯后惡心 Hiccup 呃逆 Sour regurgitation 返酸 Fecal (Stercoraceous) vomiting 吐糞 undigested food Vomiting 吐不消化食物 Bilious Vomiting 吐膽汁 （10）腹瀉與便秘的表示方法 Moning diarrhea 晨瀉 Watery (Liquid)diarrhea 水瀉 Mucous diarrhea 粘液瀉 Fatty diarrhea 脂肪瀉 Chronic (Acute) 慢性（急性） Mild diarrhea 輕度腹瀉 Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea 難治性腹瀉 Protracted diarrhea 遷延性腹瀉 Bloody stool 血梗 Frothy stool 泡沫樣便 Formless (Formed)stool 不成形（成形）便 Loose (Hard) stool ?。ㄓ玻┍?Rice-water stool 米泔樣便 Undigested stool 不消化便 Dysenteric diarrhea 痢疾樣腹瀉 Inflammatory diarrhea 炎癥性腹瀉 Osmotic 滲透性 Secretory 分泌性 Malabsorption 吸收不良性 Lienteric 消化不良性 Pancreatic diarrhea 胰性腹瀉 Tenesmus 里急后重 Pass a stool (Have a passage； open or relax the bowel) 解大便 Have a call of nature 便意 Fecal incontinence (Copracrasia) 大便失禁 Functional constipation 功能性便秘 Organic constipation 器質(zhì)性便秘 Habitual constipation 習(xí)慣性便秘 Have a tendency to be constipated 便秘傾向 （11）黃疸的表示方法 Latent (occult) jaundice 隱性黃疸 Clinical jaundice 顯性黃疸 Nuclear icterus 核黃疸 Physiologic icterus 生理性黃疸 Icterus simplex 傳染性黃疸 Toxemic icterus 中毒性黃疸 Hemolytic 溶血性 Hepatocellular 肝細(xì)胞性 Obstructive 阻塞性 Congenital 先天性 Familial 家族性 Cholestatic 膽汁淤積性 Hematogenous 血源性 Malignant 惡性 Painless 無痛性 （12）意識障礙的表示方法 Somnolence 嗜睡 Confusion 意識模糊 Stupor 昏睡 Coma 昏迷 Delirium 譫妄 Syncope (swoon； faint) 暈厥 Drowsiness 倦睡 （13）排尿的表示方法 Enuresis (Bed-wetting) 遺尿 Anuria 無尿 Emiction interruption 排尿中斷 Interruption of urinary stream 尿線中斷 Nocturia 夜尿 Oliguria 少尿 Polyuria 多尿 Pass water (Make water； urinate； micturition) 排尿 Frequent micturition (Frequency of micturition； fruquent urination； Pollakiuria) 尿頻 Urgent micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition) 尿急 Urodynia (Pain on micturition； painful micturition； alginuresis； micturition pain) 尿痛 Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition； disturbance of micturition) 排尿困難 Small urinary stream 尿線細(xì)小 Void with a good stream 排尿通暢 Guttate emiction (Dribbling following urination；terminal dribbling) 滴尿 Bifurcation of urination 尿流分叉 Residual urine 殘余尿 Extravasation of urine 尿外滲 Stress incontinence 壓力性尿失禁 Overflow incontinence 溢出性尿失禁 Paradoxical in continence 反常性尿失禁 3少見癥狀 Weekness( Debility； asthenia； debilitating) 虛弱（無力） Fatigue (Tire； lassitude) 疲乏 Discomfort (Indisposition； malaise) 不適 Wasting (thin； underweight； emaciation； lean) 消瘦 Night sweating 盜汗 Sweat (Perspiration) 出汗 Cold sweat 冷汗 Pruritus (Iching) 搔癢 Asthma 氣喘 Squeezing (Tightness； choking； pressing) sensation of the chest 胸部緊縮 （壓榨）感 Intermittent claudication 間歇性跛行 Difficulty in swallowing( Dysphagia； difficult swallowing； acataposis) 吞咽困難 Epigastric (Upper abdominal) discomfort 上腹部不適 Anorexia (Sitophobia) 厭食 Poor appetite (Loss of appetite) 納差 Heart-burn( Pyrosis) 胃灼熱 Stomachache( Pain in stomach) 胃部痛 Periumbilial pain 臍周痛 Belching (Eructation) 噯氣 Sour regurgitation 返酸 Abdominal distention(bloating) 腹脹 Pass gas( Break wink) 肛門排氣 Small(Large) stool 大便少（多） Expel(Pass) worms 排蟲 Pain over the liver 肝區(qū)痛 Lumbago 腰痛 Pica(Parorexia； allotriophagy) 異食癖 Dysmenorrhea 痛經(jīng) Menoxenia (Irregular menstruation) 月經(jīng)不調(diào) Polymenorrhea (Epimenorrhea) 月經(jīng)過頻 Oligomenorrhea 月經(jīng)過少 Excessive menstruation (Menorrhagia； menometrorrhagia； hypermenorrhea) 經(jīng)量過多 Hypomenorrhea (Scantymenstruation) 經(jīng)量過少 Menopause (Menostasia； menostasis) 絕經(jīng) Amenorrhea (Menoschesis) 閉經(jīng) Leukorrhagia 白帶過多 Asexuality (lack of libido) 無性欲 Hyposexuality 性欲低下 Hypersexuality 性欲亢進(jìn) Prospermia (Ejaculatio praecox) 早泄 Impotency (impotence) 陽萎 Nocturnal emission (Spermatorrhea) 遺精 Lack of potency 無性交能力 Hair loss 脫發(fā) Joint pain (Arthralgia； arthrodynia) 關(guān)節(jié)痛 Polydipsia (Excessive thirst) 多飲（煩渴） Polyphagia (Excessive appetite； hyperorexia； bulimia) 多食 Cold (Heat) intolerance 怕冷（熱） Dwarfism (Excessive height) 身材矮?。ǜ叽螅?Excessive sweating 多汗 Hands tremble 手抖 Obesity (Fatty) 肥胖 Agitation (Anxiety；nervous irritability) 焦慮（憂慮） Mania 躁狂 Hallucination 幻覺 Aphasia (Logopathy) 失語 Amnesia (Poor memorization；memory deterioration) 記憶力下降 Hemianesthesia 偏身麻木 Formication 蟻?zhàn)吒?Tingling 麻刺感 Hyperpathia 痛覺過敏 Hypalgesia 痛覺減退 Illusion 錯(cuò)覺 Hemiplegia 半身不遂 Insomnia (Poor sleepness；sleeplessness) 失眠 Nightmare 多夢 Numbness 麻木 Pain in limbs (Acrodynia) 肢體痛 Limitation of motion 活動(dòng)受限 Tetany 手足抽搐 Discharge of pus 流膿 Blurred vision(Hazy vision；blurring of vision； dimness of vision)視物模糊 Burning (Dry) sensation 燒灼（干燥）感 Tearing (Dacryorrhea；Lacrimation) 流淚 Double vision (Diplopia) 復(fù)視 Strabismus 斜視 Hemianopia 偏盲 Tired eyes (Eyestrain) 眼疲勞 Foreign body sensation 異物感 Lose the sight (Lose of vision) 失明 Diminution of vision 視力減退 Nictition 眨眼 Ophthalmodynia (Eye-ache；ocular pain) 眼痛 Photophobia 畏光 Spots before the eyes 眼前黑點(diǎn) Deafness(Anacusia) 耳聾 Auditory dysesthesia 聽力減退 Otalgia (Otodynia；pain in the ear ；ear-ache) 耳痛 Stuffy feeling in the ear 耳閉氣 Tinnitus 耳鳴 Outophony 自聲過強(qiáng) Nasal obstruction (blockage) 鼻塞 Dryness of the nose 鼻干燥 Rhinorrhea (Snivel；Nasal discharge) 流鼻涕 Sneezing 打噴嚏 Snoring 打鼾 Hyposmia (Reduction of the sense of smell) 嗅覺減退 Anosmia (Complete loss of sense of smell) 嗅覺喪失 Dysphonia 發(fā)音困難 Hoarseness 聲嘶 Pain on swallowing 吞咽痛 Saliva dribblies from the mouth 流涎 Troaty voice 聲音沙啞 Stridor 喘鳴 Red and swollen 紅腫 Scurf 頭皮屑 Show 見紅 Amniotic fluid escaped 破水 Uterine contraction 宮縮 Acalculia 計(jì)算不能 Apathy 情感淡漠 Delusion 妄想 4、時(shí)間的表示方法 （1）月（Month） January,Jan. 一月 February,Feb. 二月 March,Mar. 三月 April,Apr. 四月 May 五月 June,Jun. 六月 July,Jul. 七月 August,Aug. 八月 September,Sept. 九月 October,Oct. 十月 November,Nov. 十一月 December,Dec. 十二月 （2）周（Week） Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期日 （3）年（Year）和日Day 1st (First) year 第1年 2nd (Second) year 第2年 3rd (Third)year 第3年 4th (Forth) year 第4年 One year (day) 1年（天） Two years (days) 2年（天） Whole year 整年 1st (First) 1日 2rd (Second) 2日 3rd (Third) 3日 5th (Fifth) 5日 Today 今天 明天Tomorrow 昨天Yesterday 前天The day bdfore yesterday 后天The day after tomorrow 大前天3 days ago 大后天3 days hence 今晚Tonight 昨晚Last night 明晚Next night 通宵All night 整天All day (the whole day) （4）季節(jié)Season和時(shí)節(jié)Solar terms 春季Spring 夏季Summer 秋季Autumn 冬季W(wǎng)inter 立春（夏、秋、冬） the Beginning of Spiring (Summer；Autumn；Winter) 小暑（雪、寒）Slight Heat (Snow；Cold) 大暑（雪、寒）Great Heat (Snow；Cold) 雨水Rain Water 驚蟄the Waking of Insects 春（秋）分the Spiring (Autumnal) Equinox 清明Pure Brightness 谷雨Grain Rain 小滿Grain Full 芒種Grain in Ear 夏（冬至）the Summer (Winter) Solstice 處暑the Limit of Heat 白（寒）露White (Cold) Dew 霜降Frosts Descent （5）時(shí)間的表示方法 In在內(nèi)（后） 在2003年In 2003 在3月In March(Mar.) 在去年10月In last Oct. 在早晨In the morning 在上午In the forenoon 在下午In the afternoon 在晚上In the evening 在近5天In the past 5 days 在10分鐘后In 10 minutes 在秋季In autumn 在這23天內(nèi)In a couple of days Within在中 在近8個(gè)月中Within the last 8 months 在過去的2年中Within the preceding 2 years On在時(shí)候 在2002的9月18日On the 18th of September,2002(英國)or On sept.18th,2002(美國) 在星期三On Wednesday 在本月7日On 7th instant At在時(shí) 在中午At noon 在晚上At night 在昨晚At last (preceding；previous )night 在半夜At midnight 在上午10點(diǎn)鐘At 10AM 在5歲時(shí)At the age of five 在2000年底（中、初）At the end (middle；beginning) of 2000 For計(jì)時(shí)間 一周For one week 近2個(gè)月來For the past 2 months 幾乎（整整）一年For nearly a month (a full month) 3個(gè)月左右For 3 months or so 至少3個(gè)月For at least 3 months 3個(gè)月以上For more than 3 months 3個(gè)月或以上For 3months or more 時(shí)間不詳For an unknown(indefinite) period (time) Of在時(shí)期 10年內(nèi)Of 10 years duration 期間Length of time 6月6日The 6th of June Dring在期間 在 2000-2005 年的幾年中During the years form 2000 to 2005 在這4年中During four years 在過去的幾周中During the past(Last) couple of weeks 在夜間During the night 整天During the entire day About 約 約1個(gè)半小時(shí)About one and half an hour 大約半年About half a year To至；在之前 從今下午點(diǎn)至明上午8點(diǎn)Form 6 PM today to 8 AM tomorrow 6點(diǎn)45分At fifteen to seven From從起 從14歲至52歲From 14 to 52 year-old 從上午7點(diǎn)30分開始Form 7:30AM 從周一至周五From Monday through Friday Past過去；超過 在過去的3周中In the past 3 weeks 8點(diǎn)10分ten minutes past eight Through or throughout在整個(gè)期間 通宵值班Be on duty through the night 從一月到六月From January through June 熬過明晚Through the next nigut 整天（晚）Throughout the day (night) Over在期間 在過去的2個(gè)月內(nèi)Over the past two months 一夜間Overnight （6）其他表示方法 每月（年、日）一次Monthly (Yearly； daily) 整整一年Yearlong (Year-round) 滿周歲Yearling 工作日Weekday 周末Weekend 每周末Weekends 8小時(shí)工作日An eight-hour day 整天Daylong 白天Daytime 晝夜Nighttime 日常的Day-to-day 夏令時(shí)間Daylight saving time 每晚Nightly 黃昏Nighfall 過期的Overdue 前天晚上（一夜間）Overnight After 在之后 婚后After ones marriage 七點(diǎn)十分Ten after (past) seven 住（出）院后After admission (discharge) 起病后 2 天2 days after the onset(attack) of symptoms Before在之前 7 點(diǎn) 50分之前Before seven fifty 醫(yī)生到達(dá)前Before the doctor come 以前未有種癥狀Have had not the same symptom before Ago以前 5 年前5 years ago 直到一個(gè)月前Up to one month ago 大前天Three days ago Prior to在之前 入（出）院前Prior to admission (discharge) 前天之前Prior to the day before yesterday Up to直到 直到3周前Up to 3 weeks ago 直到現(xiàn)在（出院）Up to now (discharge) Until or till直到 直到80歲Until 80 years old 直到今晨8點(diǎn)Until 8 oclock this moning 直到醫(yī)生查完房Until the doctor have finished the ward round 直到3年以前Until 3 years ago 直到出院前一天Until 1 day prior to discharge By在之前 下午點(diǎn)鐘前By 5 PM 下個(gè)月之前By next month Since從開始 自從去年術(shù)后Since operation was performed last year 前天起Since the day before yesterday 從2002年6月起Since June 2002 超時(shí)(加班)Overtime 上午8點(diǎn)8：00AM 下午2點(diǎn)30分2：30PM 7點(diǎn)50分Seven fifty (Ten to eight) 9點(diǎn)20分Nine twenty(Twenty past or after nine) 術(shù)前Pre-operation 術(shù)后Post-operation 第三章 現(xiàn)病史History of present illness (HPI/PI) 現(xiàn)病史書寫的重點(diǎn)包括： 一、主訴中癥狀的詳細(xì)描述； 二、疾病的發(fā)展過程； 三、診療經(jīng)過； 四、目前的一般情況。 1、誘因 無誘因下With no inducing factors 無明顯誘因下Under no obvious predisposing causes 感冒一周后After getting (catching) common cold for 1 week 2、癥狀出現(xiàn)的敘述 有癥狀 suffer from have an attack of have(fell) begin to fell a feeling (sensation) of complain (of) sensation (feeling) in (of) 發(fā)熱have a temperature (become feverish) 在情況下發(fā)生 活動(dòng)時(shí)呼吸困難dyspnea on exertion 躺下后即出現(xiàn)咳嗽Cough occurs soon after lying 與有（無）關(guān) 與有關(guān)be associated with 與有關(guān)have (make) relation to 與無關(guān)have (make)no relation to 在情況下加重（減輕） 餐后加重become worse after taking meals 站立后緩解be relieved by standing up 隨呼吸和咳嗽而加重become more severe with breathing and cough 伴有 be accompanied by 3、起病方式 急性腹痛acute abdominal pain 慢性低熱chronic lower fever 暴發(fā)性發(fā)病the onset was fulminating 驟起胸痛an explosive onset of chest pain 突然起病伴高熱t(yī)he onset was sudden with high fever 突發(fā)突止attacks began and ended abruptly 因而突然起病the attack is precipitated by 很快發(fā)生暈厥syncope occured rapidly 逐漸出現(xiàn)咳嗽咳痰gradual onset of cough and sputum 偶而occasionally (sporadically, accidentally) 反復(fù)胸悶心悸recurrent (bouts of) chest discomfort and palpitation 一過性發(fā)作transitory attack 連續(xù)胸痛chest pain continually 時(shí)重時(shí)輕waned and waxed 時(shí)好時(shí)壞hang in the balance 不停地咳嗽have a fit of cough 發(fā)作性呼吸困難paroxysmal short of breath 頻繁咳嗽cough frequently (very often) 持續(xù)性（間歇性）persistent (intermittent) 頻發(fā)胸痛frequent episodes of chest pain 持續(xù)不變be steady 4、病情變化描述 癥狀好轉(zhuǎn) fell better than before take a favorable turn take a turn for the better improve make favorable progress turn for the better change for the better be better 癥狀減輕 alleviate reduce palliate diminish ease(lighten) mitigate 癥狀消失 disappear subside regress clear up vanish dissolve die (fade) away relieve 癥狀加重 be (make,become,get) worse worsen become more severe take a turn for the worse be aggravated increase in severity take a bad turn make (become) more serious make (become) heavier 無變化 remain the same as continue without change be identical be alike be similar resemble 時(shí)好時(shí)壞 wane and wax hang in the balance 體溫/血壓升降 升至rise (go up) to 已升至have risen (gone up) to 從升至go up from to 升至be elevated to 迅速下降fall (decline, abate) abruptly 驟降（升）sudden drop (elevation) 漸降（升）fall (elevate) gradually 緩慢下降slow crisis (lysis) of 一天天下降be (become) lower day by day 開始降低begin to remit 降至正常drop (was reduced) to normal 已降至have gone down (dropped) to 回復(fù)到正常return (revert) to normal 由降（升）至fall (elevate) fromto 維持在水平maintain at a level of 穩(wěn)定在stabilize at 熱退了fever disappeared 不超過do not go up over (exceed) 在和之間波動(dòng)fluctuate (vary) between and 在至范圍內(nèi)range fromto 平均38.5an average temperature of 38.5 有39.2的體溫have fever (a temperature) of 39.2 5、癥狀的時(shí)間表示 持續(xù) lasted for 2 days have gone on for 1 month have continued for 10 hours lasted on the average 3-5 hours lasted a variable time from 5 minutes to several hours lasted about half an hour 超過（不到）move than (less than) 以前two years ago 多在時(shí)發(fā)生usually between 3 and 5 PM 未發(fā)作過be free of onsets (attacks) for 2 weeks 6、癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度 輕度mild (slight) 中度moderate 重度severe (serious) 7、癥狀的其他描述方法 部位 be located (situated) in (over)位于 There is localized pain in疼痛位于 near在附近 be localized to (in, over)局限于 be limited (confined) to局限于 表示部位的介詞 心尖部，表示小的部位或點(diǎn)at the apex 上腹部，表示大的部位in the upper abdomen 在左下肢，表示皮膚表面上（下）的病變 on (beneath) the left lower limb 在右肺，表示正上方的相應(yīng)體表部位 over the right lung 嘴上（下）方，表示高低或上下的位置關(guān)系above (below) the mouth 左乳皮下under the skin of the left breast 轉(zhuǎn)移/放射 轉(zhuǎn)移到shift (migrate) to 放射到radiate (travel,go,refer)to 從放射到radiate fromto 耳鼻咽喉及口腔癥狀 耳痛otalgia (pain of ears) 耳鳴tinnitus (ears ring) 耳鳴a buzzing (ringing,singing) in the ears 左耳有耳鳴感a buzzing sensation in the left ear 耳聾deafness (loss in hearing) 左耳聾be deaf of the left ear 耳流膿otorrhea (otopyorrhea) 耳出血otorrhagia 耳垢cerumen (earwax) 耳血腫othematoma 鼻塞nasal obstruction 不能用鼻呼吸be unable to breathe through (by) the nose (nasal dyspnea) 打噴涕和流涕sneezing and nasal discharge 水樣鼻涕watery rhinorrhea 鼻出血nosebleed 咽喉痛sore throat 口吃stuttering 口臭ozostomia (saburra,halitosis) 張口困難difficult (inability) to open the mouth 張口（吞咽、嚼）困難difficult in opening the mouth (swallowing ，masticating) 咽下困難dysphagia 流涎多have excessive salvation 眼科及牙科癥狀 眼瞼浮腫eyelid edema 眼痛pain in the eyes 視邊模糊blurring of vision (blurred vision) 過度流淚excessive tearing (watering) 視疲勞asthenopia (visional tired) 視力減退hypopsia (diminution of vision) 視力衰弱ophthalmocopia 遠(yuǎn)（近）視力模糊indistinct distant (near) vision 失明loss of vision 搏動(dòng)性牙痛throbbing pain of tooth (odontalgia) 牙齦出血gingival bleeding 牙齦萎縮（增生）gingival atrophy(hypertrophy) 牙周溢膿peripyema 婦產(chǎn)科癥狀 月經(jīng)過多excessive menstrual flow (menorrhagia) 月經(jīng)多并伴血塊experience menorrhagia with passage of clots 經(jīng)量少（中等、多）mild (moderate,heavy) menses 月經(jīng)過少hypomenorrhea 陰道出血vaginal bleeding(colporrhagia) 陰道大出血massive (profuse) vaginal bleeding 無痛性（性交后）陰道出血painless(postcoital) vaginal bleeding 陰道干燥colpoxerosis 月經(jīng)規(guī)則（不規(guī)則）rugular (irregular) menstrual cycle 月經(jīng)周期26天，持續(xù)4天menstrual periods of 26 days and lasted 4 days 白帶增多l(xiāng)eukorrhagia (profuse leukorrhea or whites) 外陰搔癢pruritus of vulva 外陰濕疹（白斑）eczema (leukoplakia) of vulva 絕經(jīng)amenorrhea 停經(jīng)menopause 停經(jīng)3年3 years post menopausal 50歲停經(jīng)Passed menopause at age 50 經(jīng)前（期）痛pain before (during) the flow 預(yù)產(chǎn)期expected date of confinement 見紅和破水show and amniotic fluid escaped (rupture of membranes) 羊水過多（少）polyhydramnios (oligohydramnios) 月經(jīng)期水腫menstrual edema 月經(jīng)失調(diào)menstrual disorder 性欲正常（減退）normal(decreased) libido 無性欲loss of libido 性功能障礙sexual disorder 性變態(tài)paraphilia 性要求高（低）be oversexed(undersexed) 性感不快dypareunia 性欲亢進(jìn)（減退）hypersexuality (hyposexuality) 產(chǎn)程stage of labor 產(chǎn)程延長prolonged labor 產(chǎn)道裂傷（損傷）laceration (injury) of birth canal 產(chǎn)后腹痛（出血，尿潴留，子癇）postpartum tormina (hemorrhage,retention of urine, eclampsia) 產(chǎn)前出血antepartum hemorrhage 產(chǎn)前子癇prenatal eclampsia 產(chǎn)前檢查prenatal examination 產(chǎn)褥熱puerperal fever 產(chǎn)褥期護(hù)理pureperal care 妊娠嘔吐vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum) 妊娠反應(yīng)pregnancy reaction 妊娠高血壓（水腫）gestation hypertension (edema) 病程中的一般情況 一般情況尚可（一般、差）general condition is fair (ordinary, bad) 胃納佳（差）have a good (poor) appetite 過度進(jìn)食eat too much (overeat, eat heavily) 過少進(jìn)食eat poorly (take little food) 無食欲have no appetite 食欲減退appetite decreases 口渴feel thirsty 大量飲水drink water generously 體重增加gain in weight 體重增加8公斤a 8 kilograms weight gain (gain 8 kilograms) 體重減輕loss of weight (weight loss) 體重穩(wěn)定不變body weight is stable (unchanged, maintained) 睡眠障礙somnipathy 睡眠不足lack (want) of sleep 不易入睡have trouble getting to sleep 容易入睡fall into a sleep very easily 睡眠過度hypersomnia 睡行癥sleep walking 嗜（貪）睡somnolence (be fond of sleep) 夜晚因而易醒easily wakened at night because of 失眠h(yuǎn)ave insomnia 睡眠差（好）sleep is poor (good) 消化不良dyspepsia (have bad digestion) 大（?。┍阃〞硈tool (urination) is easy and smooth(unobstructed, clear) 每日2次大便have two stools daily 含粘液的水樣便watery stools coutaining mucus 便秘（腹瀉）constipation (diarrhea) 排尿困難difficulty in micturition 尿頻（急）frequency(urgency) of micturition 尿痛micturition pain 少尿（無尿、多尿）oliguria (anuria, polyuria) 大便失禁fecal incontinence 小便失禁incontinence of urine 精神不振lassitude 精神緊張（抑郁）mental stress (depression) 精神混亂confusion 精神失常amentia (mental state is bad) 精神狀態(tài)正常orthophrenia (mental state is good) 體力旺盛（不足，正常）hypersthenia (hyposthenia, euthesia) 第四章 過去史、系統(tǒng)回顧和個(gè)人史 （Past history, systems review and personal history） 1、過去史past history 無藥物（食物）過敏史no past history of allergy to drugs (food ) 有青霉素過敏史have allergic history of pencillin 有肺結(jié)核接觸史there was contact histoy of lung tuberculosis 2000年6月因急性闌尾切除術(shù)Appendectomy was done in June, 2000 due to acute appendicitis 健康狀況佳（差）health state was good (bad) 既往體健be well (healthy) before 否認(rèn)既往心、肺疾病史deny any history of prior heart and lung disease 10歲時(shí)（ 20年前）曾患過suffered from at age 10(20 years ago) 易患be liable (subjuct, apt) to 不詳not in detail (not quite clear) 外傷史rtauma history 預(yù)防接種史history of preventive inoculation 2、系統(tǒng)回顧system review 呼吸系統(tǒng)：咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困難、胸痛、盜汗、發(fā)熱respiratory system: cough, sputum, short of breath, chest pain, night sweeting, fever. 循環(huán)系統(tǒng)：心悸、胸痛、氣促、咳嗽和咯血、水腫、暈厥、頭暈Circulatory system: palpitation, chest pain, short of breath, cough and hemoptysis, edema, syncope, dizziness. 消化系統(tǒng)：噯氣、返酸、腹脹、腹痛、腹瀉、惡心和嘔吐alimentary system: belching, sour regurgitation, abdominal distension, abd. pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. 泌尿系統(tǒng)：排尿困難、尿頻和尿急、尿痛、腹痛、水腫urinary system: difficulty in micturition, frequency and rugency of micturition, painful micturition, abdominal pain, edema. 造血系統(tǒng)：乏力、頭暈、心悸、出血hematopoietic system:fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, bleeding. 內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)：心悸、怕熱、多汗、煩渴、水腫、手抖、消瘦和肥胖endocrine system: palpitation, heat intolerance, excessive sweeting, polydipsia, edema, hand tremble, wasting and obesity. 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)：頭痛、暈厥、頭暈和眩暈、失眠、偏癱、失語nervous system: headache, coma, dizziness and vertigo, insomnia, hemiplegia, aphasia. 運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)：關(guān)節(jié)痛、麻木、跛行、癱瘓motor system: joint pain, numbness, claudication, paralysis. 3、個(gè)人史personal history 出生于（出生地）was born in (birthplace) 出生后一直生活have lived in(there) since birth 曾（未曾）去過北方have (deny having) been to the north 受教育程度（文盲、小學(xué)、中學(xué)、大學(xué)）educational level (illiterate, primary, middle, high grade) 業(yè)余愛好hobby (be fond of, be keen of, interest) 從事職業(yè)be engaged in 衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣和嗜好health habit and special addiction 不潔性交（性行為）史history of unclean coitus (sexual behavior) 不吸煙 no smoking(not a smoker) 吸煙20年，每天2包have smoked two packages of cigarette a day for 20 years 戒煙give up (stop) smoking 戒煙smoking abstinence (withdrawal) 不飲酒no alcohol use 偶而少量飲酒drink little liquor occasionally 過度飲酒drink heavily (too much) 每天飲酒0.5公斤drink (imbibe) about 0.5 kilogram a day 酒精性飲料alcoholic beverage 偏食food preference (particular with food) 無偏食no likes or dislikes in food 偏愛have partiality for (showe favoritism to, be partial to, like) 第五章 月經(jīng)、婚姻、生育史和家族史 Menstrual, marrital and childbearing history and family history 1、月經(jīng)史menstrual history 初潮年齡age of menarche 月經(jīng)周期menstrual cycle 行經(jīng)期menstrual period 未次月經(jīng)時(shí)間last menstrual period (LMP) 閉經(jīng)年齡age of menostasis 白帶過多profuse leukorrhea (whites) 月經(jīng)過多menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea, menometrorrhagia) 月經(jīng)過少hypomenorrhea (scantymenstruation) 月經(jīng)過頻polymenorrhea 月經(jīng)稀發(fā)oligomenorrhea 月經(jīng)不調(diào)menoxenia (irregular menses, menstrual disorder) 月經(jīng)正常eumenorrhea (regular menses) 經(jīng)前水腫（疼痛）premenstrual edema (pain) 經(jīng)量少（中、大）量mild (moderate, heavy) meustrual blood 痛經(jīng)dysmenorrhea (pain during the flow) 36歲就停經(jīng)了pass the menopause at age 36 2、婚姻史marrital history 未婚（已婚）single (married) 結(jié)婚年齡age of wedding 配偶的健康狀況health status of partner (spouse) 性生活和諧（不和諧）sexual life is harmonious (disorder) 夫妻關(guān)系和睦（不和睦）relation of husband and wife is amicable (hostile) 近親（非近親）結(jié)婚consanguineous (nonconsanguineous) marriage 3、生育史childbearing history 妊娠（生育）次數(shù)和年齡times and age of pregnancy (childbearing) 懷孕和生產(chǎn)次數(shù)pregnancies and labors 人工（自然）流產(chǎn)次數(shù) times of induced (spontaneous) abortion (miscarriage) 流產(chǎn) miscarriage(abortion) 死胎（產(chǎn)）dead fetus (birth) 割腹產(chǎn)caesarean birth (be born by caesarean section) 子女?dāng)?shù)number of children 早產(chǎn)（兒）premature birth (bady) 足月產(chǎn)term labor 產(chǎn)褥熱（感染）puerperal fever (infection) 計(jì)劃生育family planning (birth control) 用避孕環(huán)（藥、油膏、套、栓）避孕contraception by intrauterine ring (contraceptives, ointment, condom, supposity) 節(jié)育手術(shù)contraceptive operation 自 然 分 娩 be delivered normally and spontaneously(spontaneous labor) 產(chǎn)鉗分免forceps delivery(be delivered by forceps) 產(chǎn)前（后）子癇antepartum(postpartum) eclampsia 出生時(shí) 3.5 公斤重，48 厘米高3.5 kilograms and 48cm in height at birth 母乳喂養(yǎng)breast feeding (be fed at breast) 人工喂養(yǎng)artificial feeding 發(fā)育正常normal development 發(fā)育異常 ( 停頓、缺陷、畸形 )developmental anomaly(arrest,defect,deformity) 發(fā)育遲緩（過渡）hypoevolutism(hypergenesis) 4、家庭史family history 父母（兄弟，姐妹和兒女）的健康狀況和疾病情況health status and illness of parents (brothers,sisters and children) 同樣疾病the same sickness 遺傳疾病heredopathia (genetic disease) 遺傳特征hereditary feature 死因cause of death 健康be healthy (be in good healthy) 健在be living and well 無家族史no family history of 死于die of 第六章 體檢（一般項(xiàng)目）Physical examination(general items) 視診inspection 觸診palpation 叩診percussion 聽診auscultation 嗅診olfactory examination 淺（深）觸診法light (deep) palpation 深部滑行（深壓，雙手，沖擊）觸診法deep slipping (deep press,bimanual,ballottement 間接（直接）叩診indirect (direct) percussion 叩診音（過清音，清音，濁音，鼓音，實(shí)音）percussion sound (hyperresonance,resonance,dullness,tympany,flatness) 用鐘（膜）型胸件聽診with the bell (diaphragmatic) chestpiece 1、體溫temperature, T 口（腋、肛）溫oral (axillary, rectal) temperature 經(jīng)口（腋、肛）測的溫度per mouth (axilla, rectum) 攝氏與華氏換算Centigrade VS Fahrenheit =5/9(-32) =9/5+32 36.597.7 38.5101.3 37.098.6 38.9102.0 37.299.0 39.0102.2 37.599.5 39.4103.0 37.8100 40.0104.0 38.0100.4 40.5104.9 38.3101.0 41.0105.8 37.5.orally(99.5)口溫?cái)z氏37.5度（華氏99.5度） 2、脈搏pulse, P 脈率72次/分pulse 72 beats per minute(P 72 bpm) 搏動(dòng)存在（消失）pulse are present (absent) 速（緩）脈fast (slow) pulse 洪（細(xì)絲）脈bounding (small, thready) pulse 水沖脈water hammer pulse 交替脈alternating pulse 奇脈paradoxical 二聯(lián)（三聯(lián)）脈bigeminal (trigeminal) pulse 重脈dicrotic pulse 間歇脈intermittent pulse 陷落脈collapsing 不規(guī)則（規(guī)則）脈irregular(regular) pulse 3、呼吸respiration, R 呼吸頻率respiratory rate (RR) 呼吸頻率19次/分RR 19 beats/min (R 19 bpm) 規(guī)則（不規(guī)則）呼吸regular (irregular) breathing 呼吸均勻eupnea 呼吸急促（緩慢）repid (slow) breathing 呼吸停止（中斷）pausal (interrupted) breathing 呼吸驟停breath arrest 深（淺）呼吸deep (superficial) breathing 呼吸困難dyspna (short of breath) 呼吸費(fèi)力labored breathing 胸（腹）式呼吸thoracic (abdominal) breathing 張口呼吸mouth (buccal) breathing 周期性呼吸periodic respiration 庫斯毛氏呼吸Kussmauls respiration 陳-施（潮式）呼吸Cheyne-Stokes (tidal) respiration 間歇呼吸Biots breathing 嘆息樣（胎兒,鼾樣）呼吸sighing (fetal, stertorous) respiration 口臭have foul (fetid) breath (halitosis) 酮味呼吸a smell of ketone 靜息下（活動(dòng)時(shí)）氣促dyspnea at rest (on exertion) 丙酮（氨臭，蒜臭）味acetone (ammoniacal, alliaceous) odor 肝臭hepaticus fetor 腋臭bromidrosis 4、血壓blood pressure, BP 收縮（舒張）壓systolic (diastolic) blood pressure 血壓 20/12 千帕（150/90 毫米汞柱）BP 20/12 kPa(150/90mmHg) 1kPa=7.5mmHg (1mmHg=0.1333kPa) 血壓為收縮壓20，舒張壓12千帕Bp is 20 over 12 (Bp is 20 systolic and 12 diastolic) 測量血壓take (measure, check ) Bp 坐（臥）位血壓sitting (lying) Bp 無創(chuàng)（有創(chuàng)）血壓non-invasive (invasive) Bp 脈壓pulse pressure 血壓測不出Bp is unavailable (unobtained) 左臂（右臂）血壓Bp in left (right) arm 雙下肢血壓Bp in both lower limbs 袖帶cuff 5、體位position 主動(dòng)（被動(dòng)、強(qiáng)迫）體位active (passive, forced ) position 立（坐、臥）位upright (sitting, dorsal) position 仰臥（俯臥）位supine (prone) position 左（右）側(cè)臥位left (right) lateral (decubitus) position 蜷腿位coiled position 半臥位semi-reclining (semi-recumbent) position 端坐位orthopnea position 胸膝（膝肘）位knee-chest (knee-elbow) position 截石（分娩）位dorsosacral (obstetric) position 角弓反張位opisthotonus position 強(qiáng)迫蹲位compulsive squattin 輾轉(zhuǎn)體位alternative position 頭高（低）腳低（高）位high (low) head and low(high) legs 6、神志和意識consciousness and mind 清醒（半清醒的）alert (semi-conscious) 昏迷（半昏迷）的comatose (semi-comatose) 無精打采的listless 思睡的somnolent (drowsy, sleepy) 昏睡的lethargic 焦慮不安的anxious (restless, apprehensive) 激動(dòng)的excited (irritable)