庫存控制的基本方法畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

第 1 頁 中文 1785字 Basic methods of inventory control Introduction One of the most important aspects of logistics concerns questions related to inventory. The amount of inventory that should be held and its location within a companys logistics structure is vital in order to meet customer service requirements and expectations. But,there,is,potentially,a large cost associated with holding inventory. It is vital to get right this balance of service versus cost. This part sets out to explore the basic concepts behind the inventory holding decision， as well as the basic method of inventory control. Keyword： Logistics,inventory control,Inventory management method. The significance of inventory control Inventory Control (Inventory Control) is a manufacturing or service production, management of the whole process a variety of items, finished goods and other resources to manage and control, it reserves to maintain a reasonable level in the economy. Inventory control inventory control is the use of methods to get higher profitable business tool. The main function of inventory control are: to ensure the production, management requirements under the premise that stocks always kept at a reasonable level; master inventory dynamics, timely, appropriate proposed order to avoid excess reserve or out of stock; reduce inventory 第 2 頁 space occupied, reducing the total cost of inventory; inventory control of funds used to accelerate cash flow. Inventory management control methods The classification of inventory management - ABC classification management approach ABC classification management approach is to inventory divided by the degree of importance of particular importance to inventory (A class of stock), the general importance of inventory (B class stock) and unimportant inventory (C Class inventory) three level, and then for different level of management and control, respectively. ABC classification management method consists of two steps: First, how to classify, the second is how to manage. In the ABC classification of inventory is followed business strategy is based on different levels of the different inventory management and control. CVA Management Act CVA (Critical Value Analysis) Management Act is the key factor analysis. The basic idea is to inventory in accordance with the key into 3-5 categories, namely: (1) the highest priority - this is the key to hard materials, not out of stock. (2) a higher priority - This refers to the operating activities of the foundation material, allow the occasional out of stock. (3) Medium priority - mostly the more important of these materials, 第 3 頁 allowing a reasonable range of stock. (4) a lower priority - operators of these supplies required, but substitutability is high, allowing stock. the procurement EOQ model - to determine the number of orders That the number of enterprises per order is directly related to inventory levels and the size of the total cost of inventory, so companies have to expect to find a number of orders when the inventory is its total production of the smallest EOQ model can meet this requirement. By balancing the procurement is the purchase cost and storage warehousing costs, determining an optimal order quantity to achieve the lowest total inventory costs. EOQ model according to need and order, the arrival time intervals to determine whether the conditions in the state can be divided into the model and determine the conditions under probabilistic model. inventory management Supply chain management procurement and timely procurement, also called JIT procurement are ultimately want to achieve enterprise supplies the zero inventory management in order to ensure that the material supply and product distribution smoothly and achieve business benefits maximized. Zero inventory management is the material storage optimization theory that warehouse management theory in practice in the use of it does not mean that all enterprises of raw materials, semi-finished product 第 4 頁 inventory is zero, but rather to ensure the smooth progress of production and operation activities of conditions, using a variety of scientific management methods, a reasonable calculation of inventory and effective control, as a way to reduce inventory levels. Zero inventory does not mean not to reserve and without reserve, that some do not set up a separate operating entity and stockpiles of materials does not mean that other forms of storage activities canceled. The Methods to achieve zero inventory enterprises are: display production management, order production methods, punctual procurement, collaborative subcontracting, bailment way, production processes synchronization mode, tap mode, no inventory reserves and supply chain and distribution methods. Summary Inventory control should be related to the companys financial operations objectives, in particular operational cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (Supply Chain Management Processes, DSCMP), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieve to ensure timely delivery of the premise, reduceing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control just to achieve our financial goals as a means of controlling the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of 第 5 頁 organizational functions, physical warehouse inventory control is mainly the responsibility of management, the broad inventory control should be the entire demand and supply chain management, and the whole companys responsibility. The problems arising from excessive inventory: Increase storage space and inventory storage costs, thereby increasing the cost of the product; take up a lot of liquidity, resulting in sluggish capital, not only increased the burden of loan interest, etc., and will also affect the time value of money and the opportunity revenue; finished products and raw materials caused tangible and intangible loss; caused a lot of idle corporate resources, affecting their rational allocation and optimization; mask production, management of the whole process various contradictions and problems, is not conducive to enterprises to improve their management level. Howeber ,Inventory of the problems arising from too small: cause degradation of service, affecting sales profits and corporate reputation; resulting in the production of raw materials or other material supply system, which can affect the normal production process; make ordering interval shortened, the number of orders increased, so order (production) costs; affect the balance of the production process and the assembly of complete sets. The reasonable inventory control methods help sustainable 第 6 頁 development of enterprises, reducing capital occupied, improve operational efficiency, enhance their market competitiveness. 摘要 物流最重要的方面之一是研究庫存的相關問題。為了滿足客戶的需求與期望，我們必須持有一定量的庫存并且這些庫存存在公司物流結(jié)構(gòu)中的地位也是很重要的。但是持有庫存需要大量成本，是服務與成本之間保持平衡是很重要的。本文探究了庫存持有決策背后的一些基本概念，以及庫存控制的基本方法。 關鍵詞：物流，庫存控制，庫存管理方法 庫存控制的意義 庫存控制（ Inventory Control）是對制造業(yè)或服務業(yè)生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營全過程的各種物品，產(chǎn)成品以及其他資源進行管理和控制，使其儲備保持在經(jīng)濟合理的水平上。庫存控制是使用控制庫存 的方法，得到更高的盈利的商業(yè)手段。 庫存控制的作用 主要是：在保證企業(yè)生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營需求的前提下，使庫存量經(jīng)常保持在合理的水平上；掌握庫存量動態(tài)，適時、適量提出訂貨，避免超儲或缺貨；減少庫存空間占用，降低庫存總費用；控制庫存資金占用，加速資金周轉(zhuǎn)。 庫存管理的控制方法 1、庫存的分類管理 ABC分類管理方法 ABC分類管理方法就是將庫存物資按重要程度分為特別重要的庫存（ A類庫存）、一般重要的庫存（ B類庫存）和不重要的庫存（ C類庫存）三個等級，然后針對不同的級別分別進行管理和控制。 ABC分類管理方 法 包括兩個步驟：一是如何進行分類，二是如何進行管理。在對庫存進行 ABC分類之后接著便是根據(jù)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略對不同級別的庫存進行不同的管理和控制。 這是指經(jīng)營活動中的基礎性物質(zhì)，允許偶爾缺貨。 （ 3）中等優(yōu)先級 這類多屬于比較重要的物資，允許合理范圍內(nèi)的缺貨。 （ 4）較低優(yōu)先級 經(jīng)營者、中需用這些物資，但可替代性高，允許缺貨。 3、采購經(jīng)濟批量模型 2、 CVA管理法 CVA（ Critical Value Analysis）管理法就是關鍵因素分析法。它的基本思 第 7 頁 想是把存貨按照關鍵性分成 35類，即： （ 1）最高優(yōu)先級 這是較硬的關鍵物資，不允許缺貨。 （ 2）較高優(yōu)先級 訂貨數(shù)量的確定 企業(yè)每次訂貨的數(shù)量多少直接關系到庫存的水平和庫存總成本的大小，因此企業(yè)希望找到一個何時得訂貨數(shù)量是它的庫存總產(chǎn)本最小，經(jīng)濟批量模型能滿足這一要求。就是通過平衡采購進貨成本和保管倉儲成本，確定一個最佳的訂貨數(shù)量來實現(xiàn)最低總庫存成本的方法。經(jīng)濟批量模型根據(jù)需要和訂貨、到貨間隔時間等條件是否處于確定狀態(tài)可分為確定條件下的模型和概率統(tǒng)計條件下的模型。 4、零庫存管理 供應鏈管理中的采購和準時采購也叫 JIT 采購 最終都是想要實現(xiàn)企業(yè)物料供應的“零庫存”管理，以保證物料供應和產(chǎn)品分