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英語初二上冊(cè)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解Module 1 How to learn English1. advice (1)意思是“意見,建議”,為不可數(shù)名詞,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of等修飾,不能說an advice或many/a few advices。 (2)表示“有關(guān)的建議”時(shí),用介詞on,接名詞、代詞或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式。 e.g. Lets ask for his advice on what to do next. 常見搭配: take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建議 ask for advice 征求意見 拓展: advise vt建議 常見搭配:advise sb. to do sth. e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老師建議我現(xiàn)在就離開。 2Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends. 每次你將會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)一些新東西。我也建議你和朋友們談?wù)撾娪盎蚋枨ime的用法: (1)time指“時(shí)間”用作不可數(shù)名詞,前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修飾。 (2)當(dāng)作“次數(shù);倍數(shù)”講時(shí),time是可數(shù)名詞。 e.g.I have been to Beijing three times. (3)time構(gòu)成的短語: at a time一次, 每一次 at one time曾經(jīng),一度 at times /from time to time有時(shí),偶爾 all the time總是,一直 in time及時(shí),遲早 on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) (4)time構(gòu)成的句型: Its time for sb. to do sth./Its (high) time sb. did sth.該是某人干的時(shí)間了。 e.g. Its time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡覺的時(shí)候了。 Its high time that we started.我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。 each time(每次),next time(下次),the first/last time(第一次/最后一次的時(shí)候)等。 e.g. The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai. 我上次到中國(guó)時(shí),游覽了上海。3I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建議你一天把四個(gè)或者五個(gè)單詞寫在紙上并且放在你的房間里。 suggest,做動(dòng)詞,表示“建議,提議”的意思,對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是suggestion。suggest的用法: I suggested his / him giving up the idea. 我建議他放棄那念頭。She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. Module 2 My home town and my country1It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它(劍橋)位于康河河畔,人口約為12萬。 population n. 意思是“人口,居民”,它是一個(gè)集體名詞,常用單數(shù)形式。 population常與定冠詞the連用,作主語用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 e.g. The worlds population is increasing faster and faster. 當(dāng)主語是表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 e.g. About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國(guó)大約有百分之七十的人口是農(nóng)民。 有時(shí)population可用作可數(shù)名詞,其前可用不定冠詞。 e.g. China has a population of about 1.3 billion.中國(guó)大約有十三億人口。 表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“l(fā)ittle”,而要用“l(fā)arge”或“small”。 e.g. India has a large population.印度人口眾多。 詢問某國(guó)、某地有多少人口時(shí),不用“How much.?”,而用“How large.?”。在問具體人口時(shí)用“What.?”。 e.g.What is the population of Canada? The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大約有二千九百萬。 2It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.它大約有750萬人口,所以比劍橋更大更繁忙。 (1)million是數(shù)詞,意思是“百萬”。它的用法如下: 當(dāng)與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),習(xí)慣上用單數(shù),而且也不后接介詞of。e.g. three million people 三百萬人 當(dāng)不與具體數(shù)字連用,而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí),則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù),而且要后接介詞of,然后才能接名詞。 e.g. A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds. 一個(gè)粗心的錯(cuò)誤使公司蒙受數(shù)百鎊的損失。 拓展:與million有相同用法的數(shù)詞還有:hundred(百), thousand(千), billion(十億)。學(xué)習(xí)形容詞的比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化及用法。 (1)規(guī)則變化: 類別 構(gòu)成方法 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 一般直接加-erlongtalllongertaller不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-rlatelargelaterlarger輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)把y變i,再加-ereasyhappyeasierhappier重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),雙寫最后的輔音字母,再加-erbighotbiggerhotter(2)形容詞比較級(jí)用法 表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞比較級(jí),最明顯的提示詞是than,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A+比較級(jí)+than+B”。 e.g.Li Leis room is bigger than mine.李雷的房間比我的大。 This mooncake is nicer than that one.這塊月餅比那塊好吃。 有表示程度的副詞a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修飾時(shí),用形容詞比較級(jí)。 e.g.I feel even worse now.我現(xiàn)在覺得更難受了。 It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。 比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu),表示具體“大多少”,“小多少”,“長(zhǎng)多少”,“短多少”等。 e.g.I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。 This building is 20 meters higher than that one.這棟樓房比那棟高20米。 表示“兩者之間最一個(gè)(of the two)”時(shí),常用“the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是雙胞胎中的高個(gè)子。 表示“越來越”,用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu),即“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”,多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)用“more and more+形容詞原級(jí)”。 e.g.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天氣變得越來越暖和。 Module 3 Sports進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化 (1)規(guī)則變化: 類別 構(gòu)成方法 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞 在原級(jí)前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautiful在原級(jí)前加lessimportantusefulless importantless useful(2)不規(guī)則變化: 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) good/well(身體好的) bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittlelessfarfarther(較遠(yuǎn))further(進(jìn)一步)oldolderelder(較年長(zhǎng)的)(3)形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)用法 表示“越就越”時(shí),用“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越高興。 Module 4 Planes, ships and trains學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化及其用法(1)規(guī)則變化: 類別 構(gòu)成方法 原級(jí) 最高級(jí) 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 一般直接加-estlongtalllongesttallest不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-stlatelargelatestlargest輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)把y變i,再加-esteasyhappyeasiesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),雙寫最后的輔音字母,再加-estbighotbiggesthottest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞 在原級(jí)前加mostcarefulbeautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原級(jí)前加leastimportantusefulleast importantleast useful(2)不規(guī)則變化: 原級(jí) 最高級(jí) good/well(身體好的) bestmany/muchmostbad/illworstlittleleastfarfarthest(更遠(yuǎn)的)furthest(最大程度)oldoldest/eldest(較年長(zhǎng)的)(3)形容詞最高比較級(jí)用法 表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用最高級(jí)形式。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞the,句末常跟一個(gè)in/of短語來表示范圍。 e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三個(gè)男孩子中,他是最強(qiáng)壯的。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行選擇時(shí),用“Which/Who is+the+最高級(jí),A,B or C?”結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪個(gè)城市最漂亮,北京,上海還是福州? 表示“最的之一”時(shí),用“one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu),該形容詞后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰倫是最受歡迎的歌星之一。 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以加序數(shù)詞,表示“第幾最”。 e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)第一大長(zhǎng)河。 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有物主代詞,指示代詞,名詞所有格等修飾,但此時(shí)不能再用定冠詞the。 e.g.This is our last lesson today.這是我們今天的最后一節(jié)課。 形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級(jí)含義。 e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的學(xué)生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的學(xué)生都高。 Module 5 Lao She Teahouse重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解 1offer做動(dòng)詞,意思是“提供;提議;提出”。常用的搭配: offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物給予某人 e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus. =The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus. 那個(gè)年輕人在公共汽車上將自己的座位讓給了那位老人。 offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出做某事 e.g.She offered to lend me her bike. 她提出將自行車借給我。 2.Show show做及物動(dòng)詞,意為“展示;顯示;給看”,show后可接雙賓語。 show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.給某人看或者展示某物e.g.Show me your pen, please. =Show your pen to me, please.請(qǐng)讓我看一下你的鋼筆。Show your tickets, please.請(qǐng)出示車票。此外,show還可用作名詞,意為“展覽;陳列;演出”,常構(gòu)成短語on show,意為“陳列,展覽” 。 e.g. His pictures are on show now.他的畫現(xiàn)在正在展覽。 難點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解:動(dòng)詞不定式(I) (1)動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成 肯定形式: to+動(dòng)詞原形 否定形式: not to do (2)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的用法 動(dòng)詞不定式置于謂語動(dòng)詞之后,作動(dòng)詞的賓語,表明意圖、希望或決定的內(nèi)容。 常見的后面接“to十動(dòng)詞原形”作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:plan, decide, hope, want, would like,agree, offer, try, like, love等。注意:某些及物動(dòng)詞可用-ing也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,但意義不同的有:Module 6 Animals in danger1.形容詞變成副詞的規(guī)律。 一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞。例如:quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly等。 特殊情況: 構(gòu)成方法 例子 一些以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞,要把y改為i再加-ly。 happyhappily,angryangrily有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e加-y。 possiblepossiblyterribleterribly以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)仍然要在詞尾加-ly。 carefulcarefully溫馨提示:副詞修飾行為動(dòng)詞。如: He is very careful.He does everything carefully第一句中is是連系動(dòng)詞,用形容詞careful;第二句中修飾行為動(dòng)詞does用副詞carefully。 ??嫉男稳菰~和副詞辨析有:hard 努力hardly 幾乎不;late遲的,晚的lately 近來;deep 深deeply 深深地;near靠近nearly 差不多;wide 寬widely 廣泛地; free免費(fèi)的freely 自由地。 典例剖析: Tom studies _ but his sister _ studies.Ahard,hardBhardly,hardly Chard,hardlyDhardly,hard答案:C解題技巧: 此題第一個(gè)陷阱是hard和hardly的區(qū)別,通常我們會(huì)認(rèn)為hard的副詞是hardly,事實(shí)上hard既是形容詞.又是副詞,而hardly是另外一個(gè)副詞.,中文是“幾乎不”。4-ing形容詞和-ed形容詞的區(qū)別。 -ing形容詞 -ed形容詞 例句 interesting有趣的 interested感興趣的 I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人興奮的 excited感到興奮的 Have you heard of the exciting news? We are excited about the traveling.表示主動(dòng)意義,多指事物對(duì)人的影響,一般修飾事物。 表示被動(dòng)意義,多指人對(duì)事物的感受,主語一般是人,常用于“sb.+-ed形容詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 We are all interested in the interesting story.5復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式。 作賓語補(bǔ)足語:動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露絲要他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。注意:動(dòng)詞不定式在使役動(dòng)詞make, let和感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, hear, feel等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),常省去不定式符號(hào)to。help后的不定式可帶to,也可不帶to。 Lets see the dolphins.我們?nèi)タ春k喟伞?I hear her sing every day.我聽見她每天都唱歌。 M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice. 此處called為過去分詞,修飾girl,放在名詞之后。相當(dāng)于named.2.fall down 跌倒,掉下 fall behind 跟不上,落在后面 fall into 落入中 fall off 從上掉下來 fall asleep 入睡 Eg: She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday. Leaves fall off the trees in fall. They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.in a tree (外來物或人)在樹上on a tree (樹上本身有的東西:apple等)在樹上 Eg: There is a bird in the tree. There are a lot of apples on the tree.smile at sb 對(duì)某人微笑Eg:Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4.“到達(dá)”的表達(dá): arrive in+大地點(diǎn) get to +地點(diǎn) reach +地點(diǎn) at+小地點(diǎn) (get hometherehere)5. have a tea party 舉辦茶會(huì)6. have nothing to do 沒什么事可做 nothingsomething to eatdrink nothing 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)7. once or twice=from time to time 偶爾 Eg:Once or twice he goes to school on foot. once 一次 twice 兩次 三次及以上:數(shù)詞+times three times six times8. whatfor?=why? 為什么? ;有什么用?9. nothing strange 沒什么奇怪的事形容詞strange作后置定語,修飾不定代詞nothing。在英語中,當(dāng)形容修飾不定代詞somethinganythingnothingeverything等時(shí),形容詞必須放在不定代詞后面,作后置定語。 Eg:I have something important to do.10. hear sb. do sth. 聽到某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 聽到某人正在做某事Eg:I heard her play the piano in the next room just now. I hear someone singing in the room.11.take sth out of 把某物從掏出12. across 表示動(dòng)作是在物體的表面進(jìn)行,如過河,過橋,過馬路。 through 表示動(dòng)作是在物體的內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行,如穿過森林、門、隧道,光線射入等13. tooto 太而不能 Eg:He is too young to carry the heavy bag.M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通過電話通話(on 表示“通過”)2. look pale 看起來很蒼白 此處look作為半系動(dòng)詞,后跟adj. 常見的半系動(dòng)詞有tastesmellsoundfeel. Eg:The music sounds good. The food tastes delicious.3. be glad to do sth 很高興去做sth Eg:I am glad to see you again.4. in time 及時(shí) on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí),按時(shí) Eg:I hope you can come back in time. Please hand in your homework on time.5. fall off = fall down from 從摔下來你fall in love with sb 愛上某人6. the risk of 的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 7. pay attention to 注意(to 是一個(gè)介詞,后接名詞或doing) Eg:We should pay more attention to developing economy.8. sometimes 有時(shí) some times 幾次;幾倍 sometime (將來或過去)某個(gè)時(shí)候 some time 一段時(shí)間9. pick up 撿起,拾起(代詞只能放中間,名詞放在中間或后面均可) pick sb up (開車)接某人 Eg:After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.10. call sb call up=ring up 打電話給sb call on 拜訪sb11. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie 此處為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“躺”。其過去式為lay,現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。He was lying on the bed. l2. as soon as 一就 I will call you as soon as I get home. 語法全解:when和while 都表示主從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生,但二者意義不盡相同。1.when引導(dǎo)的從句可表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可表示時(shí)間段,從句的位于動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示時(shí)間段,從句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞作謂語。They arrived while we were watching TV.2.含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的主從復(fù)合句,如果主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),從句應(yīng)該用一般過去式,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生,強(qiáng)調(diào)后一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的突然性。We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off. 3.當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生,主從句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句多用while引導(dǎo)。 They were reading while we were writing . M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.The population of is. 表示有多少人。此外用 has a population of也可以表示有多少人。形容人口(population)的多少用big/ large 或 small 當(dāng)population 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)詢問某地有多少人口.:.Whats the population of .注意:詢問某地有多少人口時(shí)不用how many 和 how much hundredthousandmillionbillion等前有數(shù)字,用單數(shù)形式 three hundredl hundredthousandmillionbillion等后有of,用復(fù)數(shù)形式 thousands of2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(adj.) 吵鬧的 make noise 發(fā)出噪音3. prepare 準(zhǔn)備 prepare for 為做準(zhǔn)備 prepare to do sth 準(zhǔn)備去做某事. Eg:They are preparing for the New Year.4. notes 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 “筆記 隨筆” make notes 記筆記5. too much+不可數(shù)名詞 much too+形容詞. 太too many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) Eg: I have too much homework to do today. That dress is much too long for me. There are too many people in the shop on Sunday. 6. one fifth 五分之一 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法:分子在前,用基數(shù)詞;分母在后,用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母需要用復(fù)數(shù) 如:two thirds9. hang on a minute. 稍等10. public services 公共服務(wù) a public telephone 公用電話 in public 在公共場(chǎng)合11. in fact 事實(shí)上 all over the world 全世界12.leave 離開(某地) leave for+目的地 前往(目的地) 啟程去某地 Ill leave for Shanghai next week. leave 還有“忘了帶,留下”之意 如:I left my book at home .13.辨析: job 與 work job (cn) 指具體的職業(yè)或零工 work(un)指人們?nèi)粘I詈凸ぷ髦袕氖碌捏w力或腦力勞動(dòng)【Grammer】: 冠詞:復(fù)習(xí)筆記數(shù)字 : 分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。本模塊中,我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)字的讀法。在英語中,每三位數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,按照百,十,個(gè)位向下讀。而進(jìn)位的讀法則為thousand, million , billion向上遞增。數(shù)詞的常見用法:分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法在英語中,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子是1時(shí),分母用原形;當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1/3 : one thirds 2/3 : two thirds 百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):百分?jǐn)?shù)用percent 表示,符號(hào)為% 如: 5% 讀作 five present . M10 The weather1.關(guān)于天氣的單詞:名詞 cloud,rain,snow,sun,wind,fog.形容詞cloudy,rainy,snowy,sunny,windy,foggy.2. Are you joking? joke n. 笑話;玩笑 play a joke on sb make a joke ofabout ab 4. minus 減去,零下(溫度) Eg: The temperature is minus 3 degrees.5.although 盡管;雖然(although與but不能連用) Eg:It isnt warm today, although the sun is shining.6. whats the weather like (in )?Eg:-What is the weather like in Jinhua today? -It is cold today.詢問天氣還可以用how is the weather (in )?7.as well 也;還(放句末) too也(放句末) also 也,而且(放句中)8. better get going.= had better g now. 最好現(xiàn)在就走 had better do sth 最好做sth Eg:Its late now, we had better hurry up.9. compared to = compared with 和相比較 Eg:I compared my computer towith hers.重點(diǎn)語法:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, might的用法。 Module 11 Way of life重點(diǎn)語法:1.what a surprise! 真驚訝啊! 此句是感嘆句,用來表達(dá)贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情,同樣用how也可引導(dǎo)感嘆句。結(jié)構(gòu)如下: what +(aan)+adj.+n.(+主語+謂語)!how +adj.adv. (+主語+謂語)! Eg:How beautiful the girl is!= What a beautiful girl she is!2.you neednt wait. 你不必等了。 need在這里用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“需要”,常用于否定句、疑問句及must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的否定回答,其后用動(dòng)詞原形。(neednt=dont have to) Eg: You neednt come to school this afternoon. -Must I finish my homework

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