變電站綜合自動化 英文文獻翻譯.doc

變電站綜合自動化它將傳統(tǒng)的變電站內(nèi)各種分立的自動裝置集成在一個綜合系統(tǒng)內(nèi)實現(xiàn),并具有運行管理上的功能,包括:制表、分析統(tǒng)計、防誤操作、生成實時和歷史數(shù)據(jù)流、安全運行監(jiān)視、事故順序記錄、事故追憶、實現(xiàn)就地及遠方監(jiān)控并實現(xiàn)信息共享、不重復采集等。變電站綜合自動化系統(tǒng)從其測量控制、安全等方面考慮,可劃分為三個系統(tǒng)。(1)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是完成模擬量輸入、數(shù)字量輸入、控制輸出等功能的系統(tǒng),一般具有測量和控制器件,用于站內(nèi)線路和變壓器運行參數(shù)的測量、監(jiān)視,以及斷路器、隔離開關(guān)、變壓器分接頭等設備的投切和調(diào)整。(2)保護系統(tǒng)。在綜合自動化系統(tǒng)中,繼電保護宜相對獨立,除輸入量和跳閘要獨立外,保護的啟動、測量和邏輯功能也應獨立,此時,保護裝置需要通過串行通信接口送出的僅是某些保護動作的指示信號或記錄數(shù)據(jù);也可通過通信接口實現(xiàn)遠方改變保護定值。此外,一般要求的故障錄波及測距功能由保護系統(tǒng)附帶完成,如有較高要求,則配置專用設備并有相應的通信接口。(3)斷路器閉鎖系統(tǒng)。變電站綜合自動化系統(tǒng)應具有全方位的防誤操作系統(tǒng),以通過閉鎖功能,有效地實現(xiàn)“五防”,從而保證電網(wǎng)和人身的安全。1.關(guān)于后臺監(jiān)控機的幾個問題1.1后臺監(jiān)控機運行管理在實際運行中,已經(jīng)多次出現(xiàn)了后臺監(jiān)控機由于人為和監(jiān)控機本身等原因?qū)е掳c瘓不能工作,嚴重影響變電站的整體運行。為防止這種情況發(fā)生,一是要制定變電站后臺監(jiān)控機的運行和管理制度并嚴格執(zhí)行,對值班人員進行約束,防止利用后臺監(jiān)控機玩游戲、上網(wǎng),防止私自使用軟盤和光盤使監(jiān)控機感染病毒等。二是加強管理部門的定期和不定期檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,立即處理,不留后患。三是設置操作系統(tǒng)和監(jiān)控軟件密碼管理辦法,只有管理部門和變電站站長掌握密碼,普通值班人員不掌握密碼,防止隨意進入操作系統(tǒng)和啟動、停運監(jiān)控軟件,防止使用后臺監(jiān)控機的軟、硬件資源并遭到破壞。四是用監(jiān)控軟件封裝操作系統(tǒng),如東方電子生產(chǎn)的DF系列自動化系統(tǒng)的后臺監(jiān)控軟件具有啟動后封裝操作系統(tǒng)的功能。監(jiān)控軟件封裝操作系統(tǒng)是指當?shù)谝淮螁雍笈_監(jiān)控機時,監(jiān)控機自動啟動操作系統(tǒng)后繼續(xù)啟動監(jiān)控軟件,直至啟動到監(jiān)控軟件界面,如果停運監(jiān)控軟件,需要輸入密碼,只有掌握密碼的人才能停運監(jiān)控軟件,進入到操作系統(tǒng)。目前,有一些變電站自動化系統(tǒng)的后臺監(jiān)控軟件不具備這種功能,應與廠家技術(shù)人員共同解決。監(jiān)控軟件封裝操作系統(tǒng)功能在防止后臺監(jiān)控機被別人使用和被破壞等方面是十分有效的。在選擇后臺監(jiān)控軟件時,應注意選擇具有這種功能的產(chǎn)品。1.2后臺監(jiān)控機機型的選擇由于后臺監(jiān)控機要求實時運行,處理的數(shù)據(jù)量比較大,響應速度快,而且處在強電磁環(huán)境,所以一般普通計算機無法滿足要求,在選擇時應選擇高性能工控機。高性能工控機能夠在強電磁環(huán)境工作,抗干擾性能強,能夠?qū)崟r運行,硬件設備工作穩(wěn)定性好,能夠滿足變電站后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的要求。目前在一些變電站,由于后臺監(jiān)控機使用商用機、家用機和其它計算機,已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)后臺監(jiān)控機損壞而不能工作情況。高性能工控機能夠保證變電站后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運行。1.3后臺監(jiān)控機不間斷電源的解決方案在一些變電站中,沒有為后臺監(jiān)控機配置不間斷電源,使用的是站用變交流電源。使用站用變交流電源存在下列弊端:一是當系統(tǒng)停電時,后臺監(jiān)控機失去電源,不能工作;二是站用變交流電壓波動較大,電壓質(zhì)量有時不合格,有時電壓高,燒毀計算機,有時電壓低,計算機不能工作,不能給后臺監(jiān)控機提供合格的電源;三是當站用變一次熔斷器熔斷時,后臺監(jiān)控機失去電源;四是當10 kV系統(tǒng)接地時,站用變交流電源受到嚴重的諧波干擾,影響后臺監(jiān)控機的正常工作。所以,綜自變電站后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應配備不間斷電源,以防止站用電出現(xiàn)故障時確保監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)正常工作,特別是在發(fā)生事故后可以保證各種信息不至于丟失。但是,配置不間斷電源會增加變電站的建設成本,而且,電池的使用壽命也較短,容量也不大,故而可以采用如下方案:配置能將直流逆變成交流的逆變器,以站內(nèi)直流蓄電池為逆變器的直流電源,逆變成交流后供給后臺監(jiān)控機使用,容量選擇1 000 VA左右。配置這種逆變器,不用另外購置直流蓄電池,節(jié)省投資,而且變電站蓄電池具有容量大、壽命長、輸出穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)點。1.4后臺監(jiān)控軟件的備份問題后臺監(jiān)控機無論使用質(zhì)量多好的后臺計算機,都有可能損壞,所以在變電站新投產(chǎn)時,都應該對后臺監(jiān)控軟件進行備份,而且這種備份工作應隨變電站設備的變更及時更新。雖然有些廠家備份了某些變電站的后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)軟件,但是廠家畢竟是面向全國市場,其備份不太完善、可靠,因此,還是建議繼電保護管理部門做好各站后臺監(jiān)控軟件的備份工作,并妥善保管,以防不測。后臺監(jiān)控軟件的備份可以保存在移動硬盤或者光盤上。2.保護監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)事故和預警音響信號一些變電站的保護監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的事故和預警音響信號受后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的控制,當后臺監(jiān)控機不能工作時,事故和預警音響信號則不能發(fā)出,不能提示值班人員處理事故或故障,嚴重影響變電站的安全運行,對于這種情況,應與廠家聯(lián)系,共同處理,將保護監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的事故和預警音響信號獨立出來,不受后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)控制,防止發(fā)生后臺監(jiān)控機不工作時發(fā)不出保護事故和預警音響信號情況。3.綜合自動化系統(tǒng)的選型及定貨問題目前,綜合自動化系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)廠家很多,各廠家的軟件兼容性較差,然而現(xiàn)行的主要定貨規(guī)則是: 10kV保護與監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)捆綁銷售,即購買誰的10 kV保護就得購買誰的后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。這就造成了一個變電站的保護五花八門,不同廠家的產(chǎn)品接入監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)時都要進行規(guī)約轉(zhuǎn)換或者接口轉(zhuǎn)換。這不僅會造成綜合自動化系統(tǒng)運行不可靠,同時還會造成許多應具有的功能不能實現(xiàn)。所以,在綜合自動化系統(tǒng)的選型及定貨問題上,一個變電站最好選用同一個廠家的產(chǎn)品,這樣做的好處在于:同一個廠家的產(chǎn)品的通信規(guī)約是一樣的,無須增加轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)節(jié);廠家在售后服務上也不會產(chǎn)生互相推諉的現(xiàn)象。 Substation integrated automation system is runningIt traditional substation within a variety of discrete automatic device integrated within an integrated system, and on the operation and management functions, including: tabulation, statistical analysis, prevent misuse, generate real-time and historical data stream, the safe operation of the monitororder of the accident record, recall the accident, to achieve in situ and remote monitoring and information sharing, do not repeat collection.Substation integrated automation system from the measurement and control, security and other considerations, can be divided into three systems.(1) monitoring system. The monitoring system is a complete analog input, digital input, control output of the system, the general measurement and control devices for the measurement of the line and transformer station operating parameters, monitoring, and breakers, isolation switches, transformer tap equipment such as switching and adjustment.(2) protection system. In the integrated automation system, the relay should be relatively independent of the start of protection, measurement and logic functions, in addition to input and trip to be independent, should be independent of the protection device through the serial communication interface to send only a some indication of protection action signal or recorded data; via the communications interface to the distance to change the protection setting. In addition, the general requirements for the fault recorder and ranging functions incidental to complete the protection system, if the higher requirements, special equipment is configured and there is a corresponding communication interface.(3) the circuit breaker locking system. Substation integrated automation system should have a full range of anti-false operating system, by locking function effectively defense, in order to ensure the safety of the grid and personal.(1) background monitoring machine1.1 background monitoring machine operation and managementIn actual operation, there have been many times the overall operation of the background monitoring machine due to man-made and the monitoring machine itself causes paralysis can not seriously affect the substation. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to develop the substation background monitoring machine operation and management system and strictly enforced, constraints on duty to prevent the use of background monitoring machine to play games, the Internet, to prevent unauthorized use of floppy disks and CD-ROM so that the monitoring machine infection virus. The second is to strengthen the administrative department of the regular and unscheduled inspections, identify problems to be dealt with immediately and leave no troubles. The third is to set the operating system and monitoring software password management approach, management and substation owners to master password, the general staff on duty do not have a password, to prevent from intruding into the operating system and startup, shutdown monitoring software to prevent the use of background monitoring machine soft hardware resources and destroyed. Monitoring software package operating system, such as Dongfang Electronics DF Series automation system background monitoring software package the operating system has started. Monitoring software package operating system when you first start background monitoring machine, monitoring the operating system automatically starts continue to start the monitoring software, until the start to the monitoring software interface, outage monitoring software need to enter a password, only the master password of the person The outage monitoring software into the operating system. Currently, there are some of the substation automation system in the background monitoring software does not have this function, should manufacturers and technical personnel to solve. Monitoring software package operating system function is very effective to prevent background monitoring machine to be used and destroyed. Choice of background monitoring software, you should select products with this feature.1.2 choice of background monitoring modelsBackground monitoring machines require run-time processing of data than the larger, fast response, but also in a strong electromagnetic environment, so an ordinary computer can not meet the requirements, the choice should select high-performance IPC. High performance IPC in the strong electromagnetic environment, strong anti-interference performance, real-time run, the stability of the hardware devices work well, able to meet the requirements of the substation background monitoring system. In some substation background monitoring machine business machines, home machine and other computers, there have been background monitoring machines damaged but does not work. High-performance IPC to ensure a safe and stable operation of the substation background monitoring system.1.3 background monitoring machine uninterruptible power supply solutionsUninterruptible power supply in some of the substation, there is no background monitoring machine configuration, using the station with variable AC power supply. Station with variable AC power supply of the following drawbacks: First, when the system power outage, background monitoring machine loses power, does not work; stand with a variable AC voltage fluctuations, voltage quality is sometimes fail, sometimes high-voltage, burned computer Sometimes low voltage, the computer does not work, can not give the background monitoring machine to provide qualified power; background monitoring machine loses power station with variable time fuse fuse; four 10 kV system ground station with variable AC power subject to serious harmonic interference, affect the normal work of the background monitoring machine. Therefore, integrated substation background monitoring system shall be equipped with an uninterruptible power supply to prevent the station power failure to ensure the normal work of the monitoring system, especially in the event of an accident can guarantee that all kinds of information are not lost. However, the configuration of uninterruptible power supply will increase the construction cost of the substation, and shorter battery life, capacity is not large, therefore you can use the following programs: Configure the DC inverse can be turned into exchanges inverter station DC-DC power supply, battery for the inverter inverse become AC supply background monitoring machine use, the capacity to select about 000 VA of 1. The configuration of this inverter without additional purchase of a DC battery, saving investment, and the substation battery with large capacity, long life, and output stability.1.4 background monitoring software backupBackground monitoring machine regardless of the quality of more than a good background computer are likely to damage, so in the substation put into operation, should be backed up on the background monitoring software update, and this backup should be done with the changes of the substation equipment. Although some manufacturers have backed up the background of some of the substation control system software, manufacturers, after all, is for the national market, their backup is less than perfect, reliable, therefore, it is recommended that the relay protection management department to do the work of the stations the background monitoring software backup and safekeeping, in case of emergency. Background monitoring software backup can be saved in the removable hard disk or CD-ROM.Protection monitoring system incidents and warning audio signalSubstation protection monitoring system incidents and warning audio signal by the control of the background monitoring system, accident and warning audio signal can not be issued when the background monitoring machine does not work, can not be prompted to duty personnel to deal with an accident or malfunction, seriously affect the safety of the substation run, in this case, should contact the manufacturers to jointly deal with the monitoring system will protect the accident and warning audio signal independent, free from background monitoring system to control and prevent the occurrence of background monitoring ma