among_between的區(qū)別用法_全.doc

Lesson twoamong between “在之間”，區(qū)別如下：(1)between用于表示雙方之間的關(guān)系，不論雙方的數(shù)目是多少。Between+名詞復(fù)數(shù)ThetrainrunsbetweenBeijingandNanning.火車在北京和南寧兩地間運(yùn)行。Thereisatreebetweenthetwohouses.這兩座房子之間有一棵樹。(2)among后接人或物必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上，在一群、一組或一個(gè)整體中間。如：Isawhimamongthecrowd.我看見他在人群中。Londonisamongthegreatestcitiesoftheworld.倫敦是世界上最大的城市之一。注：在下列情況，between可用于三者：(1)兩個(gè)以上的人或物用and連接時(shí)。如：betweenA,BandC在A、B、C之間(2)涉及事物之間的區(qū)別或各國之間的關(guān)系時(shí)。如：thedifferencebetweenthethreeofthem他們?nèi)咧g的區(qū)別therelationsbetweenvariouscountries各國之間的關(guān)系(3)表示“由于合作的結(jié)果”時(shí)。如：Betweenthemtheylandedthefish.他們協(xié)力把魚拖上了岸。(4)在divide,share等表示“分享”之類的動(dòng)詞之后，若接一個(gè)表示三者或三者以上的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用among和between均可。如：Hedividedhismoneyamongbetweenhisfivesons.他把錢分給了5個(gè)兒子。習(xí)題：1、Paris is_ the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。 2、I found it_ a pile of old books. 我在一堆舊書中找到了它。3、There was a fight _ the two boys. 這兩個(gè)孩子打過一次架。 4、when we talk about the universe,we mean the earth,the sun,the moon and the stars,and the spaces_them.There bethere is /are 表示某個(gè)地方存在或有某個(gè)不確定的人或物。該結(jié)構(gòu)一般與介詞短語連用，說明范圍或地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所。There be + 某物 / 某人 + 某地There be+ sb+sw 1，there is/are 結(jié)構(gòu)中的實(shí)際主語是is/are 后面的名詞。因此，假如該名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是are.There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 錢包里有些錢。 例:There _ a cup on the table. There _ some bottles on the table. There _ a cup and some bottles on the table. There _ some bottles and a cup on the table.2，若句子中有幾個(gè)并列的主語時(shí),be的形式要與離其最近的一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)婦女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 辦公室里有十個(gè)學(xué)生和一個(gè)教師。 區(qū)別：there be：表示某地有某物，指沒有生命的物體有。 例如：There are many books in the schoolbag. have/has: 表示有生命的人或者動(dòng)物有。 例如：I have many books. 3，There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換否定句there be的否定式通常在be后加not構(gòu)成(在口語中be時(shí)常與not縮寫在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要變成any。如: There are some children in the picture. There arent any children in the picture. 4，一般疑問句及其答語把be提到there前,首字母大寫,句末用問號(hào)即可。其肯定答語是Yes, there is / are;否定答語為No, there isnt / arent。如: There is a radio on the desk.Is there a radio on the desk ? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt.規(guī)則： is/are要提前, some 變any,其他都不變5，There are no students in the classroom.=There are not any students in the classroom.注意：There be否定句型中的not any與no可以互換。not any強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)都沒有。6，There be 句型的特殊疑問句形式1.對(duì)主語提問：當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)候，則用who 引導(dǎo)，當(dāng)主語是物的時(shí)候，則用what 引導(dǎo)。注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)之提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定)。如：There are lots of cars over there. Whats over there? There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room? 2.對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語提問：則用where 引導(dǎo)如：There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer? There are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? 3.對(duì)數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)： How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語？ How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語？there be句型有時(shí)態(tài)的變化1. there be 句型的一般過去時(shí)There was/ were+某物/某人+其他。思考：什么時(shí)候用was,什么時(shí)候用wereThere _a teacher and 40 students in the room yesterday. 2. there be句型的一般將來時(shí)There will be +sb/sth +其他There is (are) going to be+sb/sth +其他There will be a party on Monday.There is going to be a meeting this afternoon3.其他結(jié)構(gòu)：There besb.doing sth.地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間有某人在做某事There is a baby sleeping in the room.樹上有一只鳥正在唱歌。There is a bird singing in the tree.街上有兩個(gè)男孩正在奔跑。There are two boys running in the street.語法：比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)只限于兩者之間；三者或三者以上用最高級(jí)2、最高級(jí)在使用時(shí)，前面通常要加定冠詞，并有一個(gè)短語或從句表示范圍“定冠詞（the)+最高級(jí)+表示范圍的短語或從句”注：物與物之間比較，人與人之間比較，用介詞of如果后面跟一個(gè)表示范圍的地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所，則用in 如果后面跟一個(gè)從句，用that 引導(dǎo)，或省略不用例： He is the tallest of the three boys John is the cleverest of us all. This is the largest dress in the shop. The ChangJiang River is the longest river in China This is the best film that I have ever seen. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.mountain 和 hill 的區(qū)別：1) mountain 的意思是“山”、“山岳”,其復(fù)數(shù)形式mountains 常表示 “山脈”,通常指比hill 大或陡峭的高山例如：Its the highest mountain in the world.它是世界上最高的山.The city lies in a valley with high mountains all around it .城市坐落在高山環(huán)抱的山谷中.the Rocky Mountains 落磯山脈Climb mountain2）hill 的意思是“小山”、“丘嶺”,通常指比 mountain 小的山.例如：They are climbing the hill .他們正在爬山.The house stands on the top of the hill.房子位于山頂上.go/trave to the hill3) mountain=mount, 指大山，高山。如果表示某一專有名詞，而且置于專有名詞前，要用mount, 如：Mount Taishan, Mount Qumolangma.cross,across與through的區(qū)別cross作動(dòng)詞用，“穿過，越過”的意思。主要表示在物體表面上橫穿。如橫過馬路、過橋、過河等，與goacross同義。例如，Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.過馬路時(shí)要小心。Cross(Goacross)thebridge,andyouwillseeabigbuilding.過這座橋你就會(huì)看到一棟大樓。cross作名詞用是“十字架，十字形飾物”的意思。across是介詞，有“橫跨，橫穿，穿越”之意。如，TheGreatGreenWallisacrossthenorthwestofChina.綠色長城橫跨中國西北。across與go/walk等動(dòng)詞連用表示“穿過，越過，橫穿”的意思。與cross基本同義，也是表示從物體表面經(jīng)過。例如，Goacrosstheroad,youwillfindthepostofficeonyourleft.橫過這條公路，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局就在你的左邊。through是介詞，“在.之中，透過”的意思，常與go,walk等動(dòng)詞連用，表示“穿越，橫穿”等意思。主要表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過