2009年職稱英語考試真題衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)真題與參考答案.doc

大家論壇職稱英語 /forum-109-1.html 19 / 192009年度全國(guó)職稱英語考試真題衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)word打包下載第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第115題，每題1分，共15分)1 Why cant you stop your eternal complaining? A long B everlasting C temporary Dboring2 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A damaged BshakenC fallen D jumped3 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A faithful B royalC sincere Dgenuine4 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematicsA simplicity B attractionC power D rigor5 Ten years after the event，her death still remains a puzzle.A mist B fogC secret D mystery6 John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversationA troubled B annoyedC threatened Damused7 Academic records cannot be duplicatedA borrowed B purchasedC copied D rewritten8 The emphasis on the importance of education has apurred scientific researchA encouraged B fastenedCraised D initiated9 We have ample money for the journey.A some B littleC enough D extra10 The doctors pillsworked maIvels for meA miracles B patientsC iIlness D recovery11 Marys perpetual moaning nearly drove me madA endless B monotonousC serious D bitter12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatmentA old B unforgettableC unfair D funny13 You didnt adhere to othese principlesA order B followC prove D handle14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren landA empty B halrlessC smooth Dbare15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications A expressions B warnings C advertisements D instructions第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該旬提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A：如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息。請(qǐng)選擇B：如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。 Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted EarlyAn increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated say ltalian researchers who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of hanm from new therapies rushed into usethe resaarcllers looked af 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials Ihaf were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.“When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trialsmore than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years,”study coauthor Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007, the researchers found that 11(79 percent)of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U S Food and Drug AdministrationThis suggests a strong commercial componentin stoppingtrials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies on the other hand，a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an immaturebenefitrisk balance of new drugs，”Apolone saidHe and his colleaguesare aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients Howeverfindings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation.”It can take severnl years for the longterm benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent，Apolone notedbut the average duration(持續(xù)時(shí)間)of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months，with a range from 12 to 64 monthsThey also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, theyd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.“Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever therea proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior That would be an ethical obligation，”Stuart Pocock，a professor of medical statistics at the London Schoof of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom，said at the news conference“However，too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy(功效)without strong evidence being available”16 The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recentlyARight B Wrong CNot mentioned17 The trials were stepped early because the treatments proved to be of no valueARight B Wrong CNot mentioned18 The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participantsARight B Wrong CNot mentioned19 Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasonsARight B Wrong CNot mentioned20 Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped earlyARight B Wrong CNot mentioned21 Some of the trials were too short to show their longterm effectsARight B Wrong CNot mentioned22 Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop earlyARight B Wrong CNot mentioned第三部分：概括大意與完成句子 Cancer1Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells，the bodys basic building blocks The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body. healthy Sometimes，this orderly process goes wrong New cells fo rm when the body does not need them，and old cells d0 not die when they should The extra ceils form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(腫瘤)Benign(良性的)tumors are not cancer They can often be removed and, in most casesthey do not come back. Malignant(惡性的)tumors are cancer Ceils in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.2Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of ceils Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use，diet，exposure to ultraviolet(紫外的)radiation from the sun，or exposure to carcinogens(致癌物)in the workplace or in the environment Some gene alterations are inherited3Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy，chemotherapy(化療)，hormone therapyand biological the rapy The doctor may use one method or a combination of methodsdepending on the type and location of the cancerwhether the disease has sp read。the patients age and general health，and other factors Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissuesit often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment optionsweighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects4 Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancerthe extent of the disease，and the patients tolerance forpain Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves . Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However，pare can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or overthecounter drugs recommended by the doctor.23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 A How is cancer treated?B Does cancer always cause pain?C Can cancer be prevented?D What is cancer?E How common is cancer?F What causes cancer?27 Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without 28 Gene alterations may be caused by 29 Treatment for cancer may also bring about some 30 Cancer patients may differ in their A side effectsB prescdption medicinesC control or orderD tolerance for painE various factorsF different genes第四部分：閱讀理解第一篇 Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents homes, says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(勸誘) young people from their homes, the institute started a Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious(不穩(wěn)定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding.In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized, said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents tolerance(寬容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist, said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores worsens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well, Masso said. 41. The Youth Emancipation programme aims at helping young peopleA. live in an independent wayB. fight for freedomC. fight against social injusticeD. get rid of family responsibilities42. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in A. GreeceB. FinlandC. SpainD. Italy43. Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTA. parents toleranceB. housing problemsC. unwillingness to get marriedD. cultural traditions44. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinoisio Masso?A. She has a boyfriend.B. She is 60 years old.C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid.45. The phrase wary of in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byA. tired ofB. afraid ofC. worried aboutD. cautious about第二篇 Surprised by a MiracleI had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a coma patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. Following commands is what we call it. Often its wishful thinking on the families part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.On this particular night during visiting hours, my patients wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didnt do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, Donna, hes moving his hand!I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did !This led me to another train of questioning. But, did he let go when you asked him to? She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didnt believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, Well, ask him to let go. He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didnt believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, Ask him to hold up one finger. He did as asked.Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. Stick out your tongue! I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone wake up.36. The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patientA is found to be following commands.B is thought to be following commands.C is used to following commands.D is callous to nurses commands.37. What was the condition of the patient before that particular night?A He talked only with his wife.B He barely moved at all.C He moved only when hurt.D He was too lazy to do anything at all.38. How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said?A She was amused.B She was doubtful.C She was scared.D She was shocked.39. What did the patient do on that particular night?A He squeezed and let go his wifes hand.B He held up one of his fingers.C He stuck out his tongue.D All of the above.40. The author almost fell on the floor becauseA she could hardly believe her eyes.B she had been working too hard.C she had been deceived.D she had been tripped.第三篇 Slowing Aging：Way to Fight Diseases in 21st CenturyA group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes ofaging “The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseasescancer, diabetes, heart disease，Alzheimers disease(早老性癡呆病)and Parkinsons disease(帕金森氏病)一will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either mteract or share common mechanisms with aging”says S .Jay Olshansky，professor of epidemiology at the University of lllinois at Chicago Schoot of Public Health and senior author of the commentaryMiddle-aged and older people are most ofen impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy(預(yù)期壽命)and the length of healthy life Olshansky said. The authors suggest that a new paradigm(模式)of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social，economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life.They note that all living things, including humans，possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and，through dietary(飲食的)intervention or genetic alteration，jf is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases.Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions，such as exercise and good nutrition，may lead to lifelong wellbeing. The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the“fundamental celtular(細(xì)胞的)and physiological changes that drive aging itselfWe believe that the potential benefits of slowing aging processes have been underrecognized by most of the scientific community，”said Olshansky. ”we call on the healthresearch decisionmakers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people”An increase in agerelated diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a“systematic attack on aging itself”the authors write.Olshansky and colleagues contend that modern medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend lifeand they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the petential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible.41 The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases A is the best strategy for fighting diseases B focuses on slowing aging processes C needs to be improvedD has gone out of date42 The authors hold a new paradigm of health promotion and disease preventionA may be too expensiveB could have great potentialC might be too complicatedD will be opposed by many people43 It is possible to extend lifespan by means of all the following EXCEPTA dietary interventionB genetic alterationC exerciseD agingrelated processes44 The authors argue that more money should be spent onA maintaining the wellbeing ofthe elderlyB looking a艙rthe sickC developing agingslowing interventionsD extending the life of the dying45 Which statement is NOT true according to the authors?A There are now more agerelated diseasesB Health care costs are on the riseC Too little has been done to extend IifeD A systematic attack on aging is needed第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文My Life at RendaI learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant (TA) at the University of Iowa would be different from life as a teacher at Renmin University. _(46) Eyes staring, mouths open, students examining my big nose, hands nervous, people whispering while I wrote my name on the blackboard. At Iowa, when my first classes began, half my students still hadnt arrived. When everyone fina