小升初語(yǔ)法總結(jié)及配套練習(xí).doc

小升初語(yǔ)法總結(jié)及配套練習(xí)（要求：2000-3000個(gè)詞，讀、聽(tīng)、拼寫(xiě)）一、 名詞（重點(diǎn)：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）概述：表示人和事物的詞1、專有名詞：特定的人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名稱，第一個(gè)字母通常要大寫(xiě)（eg: Jim Green、New York、Bank of China） 星期、月份、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、報(bào)刊名也是專有名詞個(gè)體名詞-表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體，如studentdesk 抽象名詞-表示情感、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)等抽象名稱，如love物質(zhì)名詞-表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)名詞，如watersand集合名詞-表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合，如classfamily2、普通名詞：不可數(shù)名詞：water/ice單數(shù)-表示一個(gè)人或事物復(fù)數(shù)-表示多個(gè)人或多個(gè)事物可數(shù)名詞 3、名詞的數(shù)1. 一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches3. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4. 以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-JapanesePractice一、Please write the plural of the following words：City zoo country tooth mouse boy car tree horse bus _ox（ ）branch（ ）baby（ ）family( ) dish（ ）radio（ ）photo（ ）piano（ ）knife（ ）leaf（ ）life（ ）thief（ ）man（ ）woman（ ）child（ ）foot（ ）this（ ）watch（ ）diary（ ）day（ ）book（ ）dress( )sheep（ ）tea（ ）box（ ）strawberry( )peach( )sandwich( )paper( ) juice( ) water( )milk( )rice( )CD( ) deer( ) fish( )二、Choose the right answer:( )1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful. A. clothB. waterC. flowers( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. boies( )3. A cat has four _ , doesnt it? A. foots B. feet C. feets( )4. There are three _ and five _ in the room. A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese( )5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse( )6. The _ has two_. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch( )7. The _ are flying back to their country. A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans( )8. The girl brushes her _ every day before she goes to bed. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths ( )9.I saw many _ in the street. A. peoples B.people C.peoples( )10.The green sweater is his _. A.brother B.brothers C.brothers三、填入所給名詞的正確形式。1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football now. (child)6. Please take two _ for me. (photo)7. I like the red _.(tomato)8. Would you please clean your _ now? (tooth)9. Do you want some _? (milk)10. There are ten _ _in our school. (woman teacher)二、 人稱代詞（主要用法）概述：用來(lái)代替名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞分類(lèi)指示代詞不定代詞疑問(wèn)代詞關(guān)系代詞類(lèi)別數(shù)人稱代物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性單數(shù)IyouhesheitonemeyouhimheritonemyyourhisheritsonesMineYoursHisHerMyselfYourselfHimselfHerselfItselfOneself復(fù)數(shù)weyoutheyusyouthemouryourtheirOursYoursTheirsOurselvesYourselvesThemselves人稱代詞：有主格和賓格之分。一般動(dòng)詞前用主格，動(dòng)詞后用賓格。物主代詞：有兩類(lèi)：形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)一般看后面有沒(méi)有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)。如：人稱代詞主格作主語(yǔ)，表示誰(shuí)怎么樣，干什么了。I am a teacher, you are student. He is a student too.Weyouthey are students人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象。Give it to me. Lets go(lets =let us)形容詞性物主代詞 Her book my teacher his bike 名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，故其后不必加名詞。Is this your book?No, it isnt, its hers(her book)Practice一、填空1. Let_(I)help_(you)2. Let_(we)go.3. (I)_arestudents4. Icantfind_(they).5. Give_(he)thebook. 二、選擇 1._areinthesameclass. A.Herandme B.Sheandl C.Meandher D.I and she 2.please call at 256-5859. A.me B.my C.I D.mine 3.Do you like these computers?No, I dont like A.it B.them C.they 4.our teacher think are right A.we B.us C.it D.she三、用括號(hào)中的適當(dāng)形式填空(1) Are these (you) pencils?Yes, they are (our)(2) whose is this pencial? Its (I)(3) I love (they) very much.(4) she is (I)classmate.四、用代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1、Miss Gao teaches English at school (we)2、I need a new schoolbag, so mother by one for .(I)3、This is not my dictionary, this is (she)4、This book is not (he)5、Look at mouth.(I)6、They are parents.(he)7、He is father.(Bob)8、This isnt pen. is over there.(she)五、英語(yǔ)代詞語(yǔ)法練習(xí)1、Is this dictionary?A、you B、yours C、your D、hers2、Its a bird, name is happy.A、Its B、It C、Its D、His3、Is that pencil case?A、him B、he C、his D、hes 4、Please give the key to .A、his B、he C、him D、mine六、根據(jù)提示填空。1、Where are（我的） shoes?2、Are those(你的) shoes?3、（他） looks at (她) .4、Can you come and play with(我) ？5、Do you like(她) ？三、 冠詞概述：有若干個(gè)詞可以用在名詞或形容詞+名詞的前面，我們把這類(lèi)詞統(tǒng)稱為限定詞，因?yàn)樗鼈冇绊懟蛳薅ㄖ@個(gè)名詞的意義。冠詞就是其中一種。只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不定冠詞a 、an定冠詞the復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞定冠詞the定冠詞the定冠詞the冠詞零冠詞名詞前可不用冠詞不定冠詞的用法：1、表示“一”、“任何一個(gè)”、“不管哪一個(gè)”的意思。I have a sister and two brothers.2、在某些度量表示法中：We have English lessons three times a week.3、用在單數(shù)的表語(yǔ)名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級(jí)等。George wants to be an engineer.4、在以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前：What a pretty girl!5、一些常用短語(yǔ)中：Have a good timehalf an hourhave a headache.定冠詞的用法：（了解）1、 特指也稱回指：We moved to a new flat last month, and the flat is so beautiful.2、 表示人或事物的類(lèi)別：I dont like autumn and winter. The days are short and the nights are long.3、”The+集合名詞”一般可以表示特指的群體： The publicthe policethe majority3、 用于泛指一天中的各段時(shí)間和季節(jié)：In the morningin the afternoonin the evening4、 用于地名以外的其它獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物：The United Nation5、 定冠詞常與形容詞最高級(jí)、樂(lè)器詞連用：Its the worst play Ive ever seen(注意：在副詞最高級(jí)前可以不用定冠詞)零冠詞的用法：1、 泛指的抽象名詞前：Life is very hard for some people.2、 泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前：Water is very useful.3、 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前：Books are my best friends.4、 泛指的“餐”名前：Come to have dinnerbreakfast with me.5、 大多數(shù)的專有名詞前：He comes from France.6、 語(yǔ)言的名詞前：She can speak French.7、 在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前：Winter is the best time for skating.8、 當(dāng)名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時(shí)：My brother is a police.9、 在體育項(xiàng)目的名詞前：Play basketball.10、 一些常用短語(yǔ)：at homego to school at nightPractice一、填空1. This is notebook on my desk, I use notebook to keep a diary.2. There is bottle on the table, water in it is sweet.3. Wangs mother is English teacher, she teaches in primary school.4. China is ancient country with long history.5. China has population of 12 hundred million. The Chinese people are great people.6Her mother is university teacher. She is honest woman.7. None of books should be taken out of room without permission of the librarian.8. party always teaches us to work for people heart and soul.9. She studies at No.3 middle school , she goes to school by bus every day.10. my elder sister is student of English, she studies at college.二、用a,an或the填空（不需要的用“/”表示）：1. This is Ann. She has apple. Its red apple. 2. Can you see teacher in the classroom? Which one? 3. Where is teachers desk? Its near window. 4. We can find “f” in the word “family”. 5. Whats time? Its four oclock. 6. Whos man in Picture One? 7. Wheres cat? Its under table. 8. Dont look at me. Look at teacher. 9. students of Class One are playing football. 10. Its seven twenty in morning. Its time to go to school. 11. Li Lei is at home. He wants to go to classroom. 12. What colour is bird? Its white. Its white bird. 四、 動(dòng)詞概述：動(dòng)詞主要表示動(dòng)作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式的變化。小學(xué)階段所涉及的動(dòng)詞主要有：實(shí)意動(dòng)詞、Be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞canmust等am is are Be動(dòng)詞was were Been現(xiàn)在分詞：情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況+ingDoingaskinghelping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去e+ingHavingtakingwritingliving以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加ingRunning SwimmingPutting sittingPractice一、 用am, is, are 填空（不需要的用“/”表示）1. My grandma _ a doctor. 2. Xiao Ming _ twelve years old. He _ tall and thin. 3. Lucy and Lily _ twins. 4. There _ an eraser in the pencil-case. 5. There _ bananas on the table. 6. There _ a book and three pencils on the desk. 7. There _ a banana and some pears in the fridge. 8. _ you a policeman? No , I _ not.9. _ she a student? Yes, she _.10. Who _ they? 11. They _ my classmates, Wang lin and Zhang Jun. 12. It _ 8 oclock. 13. What day _ it today? 14. It _ Tuesday. 15. PE _ my favourite class. 16. This _ a yellow dress. 17. These _ my old clothes. 18. I Li Lei. She Lucy. She and I good friends. 19. What these over there? Oh, they my sweaters. 20. your book red? Yes, it . 21. your book and pen red? No, they not. 22. your books red? Yes . 23. My clothes blue. His yellow. 24. Lucy and Lily twins. They American. They look the same. 25. Miss Gao our English teacher. She has a son. 26. His name Sun Huimin. He in our class. 27. The students of Class Three on the hill now.原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞have give getreadsweepplaycarry二、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink go stay make look have pass carry 三、 用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He often (have)dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be)in class one.3. We (not watch)TV on Monday. 4. Nick (not go)to the zoo on Sunday.四、 介詞概述：經(jīng)常用在名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)、代詞或動(dòng)名詞之前，用來(lái)表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。一、 時(shí)間介詞：1. on( 1 ) 在-上面 The book is on the desk.( 2 ) 在-（哪一天/星期）What do you do on Wednesday?( 3 ) 在-（月、日）My birthday is on August 2nd.2. in（1）在-里面 The pens are in the pencil-box.（2）在-（哪一年/月）His birthday is in October. He wor ked here in 1992.（3） 在-（地方） He works in Dongguan.（4）在-之內(nèi) What are you going to do in 20 years?（5） 在-（早上、下午、晚上） I do morning exercises in the morning every day. I usually play basketball in the afternoon. I often do my homework in the evening.3. at（1）在-（點(diǎn)鐘）I usually go to school at 8:00 am.（2）在中午 at noon二、方位介詞：1. under 在-底下 There is a ball under the bed.2. near 在-附近 There is a book shop near our school.3. in front of 在-前面 A boy is standing in front of the house.4. beside 在-旁邊 A football is beside thedoor.5. next to 緊挨著 There is a bus station next to No. 13 Middle School.6. over 在-正上方 A bridge is over the river.7. on the left 在-左邊 The bookstore is on the left.8. on the right 在-右邊 The hospital is on the right.9. before 在之前 Mike sits before me.10. after 在-以后 He went home after school.11. in the middle 在-中間 The road is in the middle.12. at（1）在-（小地方） I am at school today.I was at home yesterday.（2）看一看 Look at the blackboard.13. behind 在-后面 There is a broom behind the door.二、 其它常用介詞1. For（1） 給。 This present is for you.（2） 為了。 Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.（3）作為。 We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.2. To（1）到。 Take your sportshoes to the P.E class.（2）致。 Happy birthday to you. Give it to your friend.3.from 來(lái)自 I am from China. = I come from China.4.from - to 從-到- Line up from shorter to taller. We have class from Monday to Friday.5.of -的 He is a student of Kama School.6. By（1）在-之前。 We must be at home by 6 oclock.（2）乘-交通工具。 People can go to the moon by spaceship.I go to school by bus.7. With（1） 用。 I write a letter with a pen.（2） 和-一起。 He went to Shenzhen with his parents.8.between 在-與-之間 。There is a football match between Class One and Class Three.9. into 到-里。 Sharks can dive into the deep cold water.10. Like（1）像- The twins are like their father.（2）長(zhǎng)相-怎樣？ Whats she like?11. About（1）大約；關(guān)于 Its about 6:（2）-怎么樣？ What about-? How about-?Practice一、填空1. the first day school 2. the school playground3. classes 4. Wednesday5. a farm 6.pull _carrots7. a lot fruit trees 8. Live a town9. the weekends 10. the sitting room 11. the 4th _ November 12. Look them13. New Year 14. Christmas Day 15.dress costumes二、選擇題 ( )1._ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man.A. On B. At C. In ( )2.Many people work _ the day and sleep night. A. on; at B. in; in C. in; at ( )3.He speaks Japanese best the boy students.A. between B. with C. among( )4.A wolf _ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.A. with B. in C. on( )5.Joan hopes to come back _ three days.A. after B. for C. in( )6.They sent the letter to me _ mistake.A. by B. for C. with( )7.He left home _ a cold winter evening.A. at B. on C. in( )8.Shanghai is _ the east of China.A. in B. on C. to( )9._ my fathers help, I have finished my composition.A. Under B. On C. with( )10.Hes very strict _ himself and hes very strict _ his work.A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with五、 數(shù)量詞概述：數(shù)量詞或數(shù)量詞組常用來(lái)修飾名詞，表示我們所說(shuō)的事物的數(shù)與量。有些數(shù)量詞修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如：many(a)fewseveral等：有些數(shù)量詞修飾不可數(shù)，如：much(a)little；有些數(shù)量詞則是二者皆可修飾，如：a lot of, lots of, some六、形容詞和副詞概述：形容詞經(jīng)常用于說(shuō)明人或事物的性質(zhì)，最為常見(jiàn)的是作名詞的定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)所描述的對(duì)象和意圖的不同，又可分為多種類(lèi)型。形容詞：1.修飾名詞，描述其性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特征等的詞。一般“的”的詞都是形容詞。如：Sheisabeautifulgirl.(漂亮的)2.在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Ihaveaninterestingbook.(interesting有趣的，修飾book，在句中作定語(yǔ))Wearehappytoday.(happy快樂(lè)的，在句中作表語(yǔ))Studentsshouldkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.(clean干凈的，tidy整潔的，在句中都作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))3.多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)的排列順序限定詞+外觀類(lèi)+形狀+年齡+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞（簡(jiǎn)記：縣官行令色國(guó)才）如：atall17-year-oldblackAmericanboy.一個(gè)17歲的高個(gè)子黑皮膚美國(guó)男孩。thebigroundredwoodentable.又大又圓的紅色木質(zhì)飯桌。副詞1.通常修飾動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作的程度、方式等。還可修飾形容詞、副詞，有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。一般“地”的詞都是副詞。如：you must listen to the teacher carefully(仔細(xì)地、認(rèn)真地)2. 副詞的分類(lèi)（1）時(shí)間副詞：now today等（2）頻度副詞：always usuallyoftensometimes seldomnever(3) 地點(diǎn)副詞：herethereupstairsdownstairs等（4）方式副詞carefullywellfastpolitely等（5）程度副詞：muchlittlequite等（6）疑問(wèn)副詞：howwhenwherewhy等3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞（1）一般在形容詞后+ly 如：quick-quickly(2)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i +ly如：happy-happily(3)以u(píng)e結(jié)尾的形容詞，去e+ly如：true-truly注：有些詞兼有形容詞和副詞的詞性，如：fast hard high late far等，詞性只有通過(guò)具體語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 另：有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞不是副詞而是形容詞，如：friendly lovely lonely lively 等形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成1 比較級(jí)：兩者之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí)形容詞和副詞的變化形式，如：tall-taller, well-better2 最高級(jí)：三者或三者以上進(jìn)行比較時(shí)形容詞和副詞的變化形式，如：long-longest3 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則變化（單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)）（1） 在詞尾直接+er/est short-shorter-shortest（2） 詞尾是e，只+r/st nice-nicer-nicest（3） 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再+er/est，如happy-happier-happiest（4） 重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再+er/est,如：big-bigger-biggest(5) 其它雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，其前+more/most，如：more/most delicious不規(guī)則變化：如下表（簡(jiǎn)記為：好 壞 多 少 遠(yuǎn)）詞義原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)好goodwellbetterbest壞badbadlyillworseworst多manymuchmoremost少littlelessleast遠(yuǎn)farfartherfurtherfartherfurthest形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法1、 原級(jí)的用法：用于兩者之間對(duì)比，意為“.和相同”相當(dāng)于the same as.肯定句：A+動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞副詞原級(jí)+as +BTom is as honest as Jack.Jack runs as fast as peter.否定句：A+動(dòng)詞+not asso+形容詞副詞原級(jí)+as+BThe tree is not asso tall as that one.2、 比較級(jí)的用法：（1） A+動(dòng)詞+形容詞副詞比較級(jí)+than+BSusan is happier than Jane.Lily runs faster than marry.注：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)前還可以用muchevenstilla little fara lota bit來(lái)修飾（2） 數(shù)字（倍數(shù)）+形容詞副詞比較級(jí)+thanIm two years older than you.Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.(3)比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)，表示“越來(lái)越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.(4)the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)，表示“越.，就越”The more, the better越多越好（多多益善）3、 最高級(jí)用法：用于三者或以上的人或事物的比較，最高級(jí)前加the，最高級(jí)前有物主代詞，序數(shù)詞和名詞所有格時(shí)，不加定冠詞，后面跟帶in或of表范圍的短語(yǔ)。（1） one of the最高級(jí)Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.(2) 比較級(jí)句型表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義A+動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+any other+B(單數(shù)) The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. A+動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+the other+B(復(fù)數(shù)) The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in Chin