(縮印)專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)資料整理

1、一 縮略詞 ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line非對(duì)稱數(shù)字用戶線 AOL (American On-Line) 美國在線服務(wù)公司ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 算術(shù)邏輯單元ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) 美國國防部高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局建立的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng) BASIC Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code初學(xué)者通用符號(hào)指令代碼BOOM (Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor) 雙目全

2、方位監(jiān)視器BCH (Binary-coded hexadecimal) 二進(jìn)制編碼的十六進(jìn)制BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) 二進(jìn)制自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī) CMM Capability maturity model能力成熟度模型CMM Controllable Memory Module 可控存儲(chǔ)組件CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 碼分多址訪問COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) 面向商業(yè)的通用語言CASE (computer-aided software engineering)計(jì)算機(jī)輔

3、助軟件工程CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) 光盤只讀存儲(chǔ)器CRT (Cathode-ray tube) 陰極射線管DOD Department of Defense Model 美國國防部模型DSL Digital Subscriber loop 數(shù)字用戶環(huán)路DDN Digital Data Network 數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)DCE ( Distributed Computing Environment) 分布式計(jì)算環(huán)境DBMS （Database Management System） 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理信息系統(tǒng)DNS (domain name system) 域名

4、系統(tǒng)DMA （Direct Memory Access） 直接存儲(chǔ)器訪問DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) 美國數(shù)字設(shè)備公司DVST （Direct-View Storage Tube）直視存儲(chǔ)管EDA Event-driven Architecture事件驅(qū)動(dòng)架構(gòu)ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) 電子數(shù)字積分計(jì)算機(jī)ENIAC計(jì)算機(jī) EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automat

5、ic Computer) 延遲存儲(chǔ)電子自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)GPS Global Position System全球定位系統(tǒng)GB Giga Bytes 十億字節(jié)（吉字節(jié)）GML (Generalized Markup Language) 通用置標(biāo)語言3G third Generation wireless 第三代無線通信 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 全球移動(dòng)通訊系統(tǒng)HMD (head-mounted display) 頭盔顯示器ISP (Internet Service Provider) Internet服務(wù)提供者ISOC (Internet

6、Society) Internet 協(xié)會(huì)IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet架構(gòu)委員會(huì)IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程任務(wù)組IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group)Internet工程指導(dǎo)組ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) 因特網(wǎng)域名與地址管理組織 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) 網(wǎng)際控制報(bào)文協(xié)議IMAP

7、 (Internet Message Access Protocol) Interne消息訪問協(xié)議I/O (Input/Output) 輸入輸出(設(shè)備)IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會(huì)ISO International Organization for Standardization 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織OSI Open System Interconnect Reference Model 開放式系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)參考模型MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多協(xié)議標(biāo)記交換MP

8、EG Moving Picture Experts Group 動(dòng)態(tài)圖像專家組MP3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 經(jīng)常稱為MP3MSI Medium-scale integration 中規(guī)模集成( Large、Small)MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)樂器數(shù)字接口MPC (Multimedia Personal Computer) 多媒體個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)MAE (Metropolitan Area Exchange) 城域交換站NAP (Network Access Point) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問節(jié)點(diǎn)NASA (National Aer

9、onautics and Space Administration)國家航空航天局ODBC Open Database Connectivity 開放式數(shù)據(jù)庫連接OMG Object Management Group 對(duì)象管理組織OS (Operating System) 操作系統(tǒng)OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) 面向?qū)ο蟮木幊碳夹g(shù)PSTN Public Switch Telephone Network公共交換電話網(wǎng)PCB Print Circuit Board 印制電路 PIN Personal identification number個(gè)人身份識(shí)別號(hào)碼 R

10、ISC ReducedInstructionSetComputing精簡(jiǎn)指令集 CISC Complex Instruction set Computing 復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算技術(shù)RFID RadioFrequencyIdentification無線射頻識(shí)別（電子標(biāo)簽）SOA Service-Oriented Architecture面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 簡(jiǎn)單郵件傳輸協(xié)議 SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通用置標(biāo)語言SSL (Security Socket Layer) 加密套接

11、字協(xié)議層UDDI Universal Discovery Description and Integration 通用描述發(fā)現(xiàn)和集成UML Unified Modeling Language 統(tǒng)一建模語言USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行總線 VRML (The Virtual Reality Modeling Language) 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)建模語言 VR (Virtual Reality) 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) XML Extensible Markup Language 擴(kuò)展標(biāo)記語言XSL Extensible Style sheet Language可擴(kuò)展樣式表語言UNIVAC

12、 (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī) URL (Uniform Resource Locator) 統(tǒng)一資源定位W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) 萬維網(wǎng)聯(lián)合會(huì) 二 漢譯英1聲卡是一塊印刷電路板，它能把數(shù)字信息譯為聲音，也能把聲音變?yōu)閿?shù)字信息，它插在母板(計(jì)算機(jī)主電路板)上的槽內(nèi)（slot），而且通常連接一對(duì)喇叭(speaker)Audio card is a piece of printed circuit boards, which can translate digital information into voice

13、, and it also can translate voice into digital information, (it is planted in the slot of the main board(the main computer circuit boards) it is always plugged into a slot on main_board and connected with a pair of speakers.2計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子裝置，它能接受一套指令或程序，并通過數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算，或收集和聯(lián)系其他形式的信息來執(zhí)行該程序。Computer is a kind of el

14、ectronic device which can receive(adopt) a set of instructions or procedures, and carry out the procedures through data computing(calculation), or collecting and contacting(association with) other form of information.3IT機(jī)構(gòu)早在XML和Web Services出現(xiàn)之前就成功地編制和部署了SOA應(yīng)用程序。不過他們用模塊化、可重復(fù)用部件、面向?qū)ο缶幊袒驊?yīng)用編程接口等術(shù)語來談?wù)撨@個(gè)過

15、程。雖然它們中沒有一個(gè)是與SOA完全相同的，但它們都包含了SOA的一些方面.IT institution had successfully established and worked out (deployed) the SoA applications before the appearance of XML and Web Services. But they discussed the process with modular and reusable components, object-oriented programming or application programming

16、interface and other terms. Although none of them is identical with the SOA, all of them contain some aspects of the SOA.4本文提出了一種基于B/S架構(gòu)的單點(diǎn)登錄模型，為企業(yè)整合各種遺留系統(tǒng)提供了一種簡(jiǎn)單有效的單點(diǎn)登錄方法。詳細(xì)介紹了采用ActiveX控件和AD實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Windows應(yīng)用（包括Ftp和Telnet）和B/S應(yīng)用的單點(diǎn)登錄的原理和方法。In this article, the author addressed a B/S structure(architactur

17、e) based single sign on model which provide a simple and effective single sign on method for enterprises to combine all kinds of legacy systems. The author introduced the theory and method of standard windows applications (including ftp and telnet) and B/S application single sign on model with Activ

18、eX and AD in detail. 5今天，RFID標(biāo)簽開始出現(xiàn)在很多產(chǎn)品上，例如，全世界銷售的大多數(shù)新汽車山都配備了嵌入RFID標(biāo)簽的鑰匙，每個(gè)標(biāo)簽含有唯一的識(shí)別碼。Today, RFID tags began to emerge in many products, for example, a majority of the new cars sold in the world come equipped with keys embedded with RFID tags that each contains a unique identifier. 6根據(jù)軟件工程原理，軟件開發(fā)被分

19、為軟件需求規(guī)格說明、軟件總體設(shè)計(jì)、軟件詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)、單元編碼與測(cè)試以及軟件集成等階段，其中軟件需求分析是最關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)階段。(According to)Under the principle of software engineering (theory), software development is divided into software requirements specification, software design, software detail design, unit coding and testing, as well as software integration p

20、eriods, in which software requirements analysis is the most critical stage(important phase).7隨著多媒體在高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的應(yīng)用，QoS組播路由問題成為越來越重要的研究課題。QoS組播路由在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中是著名的Steiner樹問題，同時(shí)也是NP完全問題。本文提出了一種基于PBIL（Population-Based Incremental Learning）的QoS組播路由算法，能在滿足帶寬和時(shí)延約束條件下尋找代價(jià)最小的多播樹。該算法有效地結(jié)合了遺傳算法的進(jìn)化特性與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)學(xué)習(xí)算法的特點(diǎn)，采用預(yù)處理機(jī)制和基于路徑的

21、樹編碼結(jié)構(gòu)，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模較大的情況下也能得到很好的應(yīng)用。最后仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證明該算法快速有效。With the application of multimedia In high-speed network, QoS multicast(group broadcast) routing has become more and more important research topics. QoS multicast routing is the famous Steiner tree problem in the computer network, and it is NP-complete prob

22、lems at the same time. In this paper, the author addressed a QoS multicast routing algorithm based on PBIL (Population-Based Incremental Learning), which can find the smallest cost multicast tree with the bandwidth and delay constraints conditions. This algorithm combined effectively evolutionary ch

23、aracteristics of genetic algorithms with the characteristics of competitive learning algorithm, based on the use of pretreatment mechanisms and path-based tree coding, which can be properly applied in large scale networks. The algorithm can be testified in the final simulation, which turned out to b

24、e quickly and efficient. 8UML是一種對(duì)軟件中的制品進(jìn)行可視化、規(guī)約、構(gòu)造和文檔化的語言,使用UML可以對(duì)系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)態(tài)行為進(jìn)行可視化建模，而模型就是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的簡(jiǎn)化。UML使用多種圖描述系統(tǒng)不同側(cè)面，如用例圖、活動(dòng)圖、類圖、交互圖、組件圖和部署圖等。隨著軟件系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性不斷提高，可視化建模越來越重要，UML已經(jīng)成為可視化建模的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。UML is a kind of language which processes the visualization of the Statute, the structure and documentation for softwa

25、re products, the system can use the UML static structure, the dynamic behavior of visual modeling, and the model is the o simplification of reality. UML uses a variety of graphic describing different aspects of system, such as the use of case diagram(illustration), activity maps(chart), graphs, inte

26、ractive maps, plans(module chart and deployment chart) and deployment of components such plans. With the continuously improving of the complexity in the software system, visual modeling becoming more and more important, UML has become the standard visual modeling.三英譯漢1The development of IC made it p

27、ossible for electronic devices to become smaller and smaller.集成電路的發(fā)展是電子器件可以做得越來越小2Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 由于我們實(shí)行了改革開放政策，我國的綜合國力有了明顯的增強(qiáng)。3Packet switching is a method of slicing digital messages into parcels

28、 called “packets,” sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination.分組交換是傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的一種方法，它先將數(shù)據(jù)信息分割成許多稱為“分組”的數(shù)據(jù)信息包；當(dāng)路徑可用時(shí)，經(jīng)過不同的通信路徑發(fā)送；當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)目的地后，再將它們組裝起來4At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunica

29、tions, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.此時(shí)此刻，通過現(xiàn)代通信手段的奇跡，看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個(gè)世界歷史上任何其他這樣的場(chǎng)合都要多5IP multicasting is a set of technologies that enables efficient delivery of data to many locations on a network. IP多信道廣播是使數(shù)據(jù)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)中許多位置高效傳

30、送的一組技術(shù)6Behind this formal definition are three extremely important concepts that are the basis for understanding the Internet: packet switching, the TCP/IP communications protocol, and client/server computing.在這個(gè)正式的定義背后，隱含著三個(gè)極其重要的概念：分組交換、TCP/IP(傳輸控制協(xié)議/網(wǎng)際協(xié)議)通信協(xié)議和客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器計(jì)算技術(shù)，它們乃是理解因特網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)7It could be a

31、rgued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人會(huì)指出, 無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點(diǎn), 但還是電視屏幕上的節(jié)目要生動(dòng)、真實(shí)得多。8Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philos

32、ophers of science.工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了9The way in which a number of processor units are employed in a single computer system to increase the performance of the system in its application environment above the performance of single processor is an organizational technique.將許多處理器組

33、成單一的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，從而提高該系統(tǒng)在其運(yùn)行環(huán)境中的性能，使其超過單個(gè)處理器的性能，這種方法稱為組織技術(shù)。10N, which was established to aid Internet users in finding and sharing online music files known as MP3 files, is perhaps the most well-known example of peer-to-peer e-commerce, although purists note that Napster is only partially peer-to

34、-peer because it relies on a central database to show which users are sharing music files.N建立的目標(biāo)是幫助因特網(wǎng)用戶發(fā)現(xiàn)并分享在線音樂文件，即人所共知的MP3文件。盡管純化論者強(qiáng)調(diào)：因?yàn)樗蕾囍醒霐?shù)據(jù)庫來顯示哪一位用戶正在分享音樂文件，所以Napster僅僅是部分對(duì)等。但Napster或許是對(duì)等電子商務(wù)最著名的實(shí)例11The proliferation of mobile computing devices and local-area wireless networks has f

35、ostered a growing interest in location-aware systems and services. In this paper we present RADAR, a radio-frequency (RF) based system for locating and tracking users inside buildings. RADAR operates by recording and processing signal strength information at multiple base stations positioned to prov

36、ide overlapping coverage in the area of interest. It combines empirical measurements with signal propagation modeling to determine user location and thereby enable location-aware services and applications. We present experimental results that demonstrate the ability of RADAR to estimate user locatio

37、n with a high degree of accuracy.移動(dòng)計(jì)算設(shè)備和本地區(qū)內(nèi)的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的增長(zhǎng)已培養(yǎng)出了對(duì)位置感知系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)的越來越濃厚的興趣。在這篇文章中我們討論雷達(dá)，無線電頻率（射頻）系統(tǒng)，這套系統(tǒng)定位與跟蹤建筑物內(nèi)的用戶。我們通過記錄和處理的信號(hào)強(qiáng)度信息操作雷達(dá)，通過多基站定位，以提供重疊覆蓋在該地區(qū)的定位信息。它結(jié)合基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)的測(cè)量與信號(hào)傳播模型，以確定用戶的位置，從而提供位置感知服務(wù)和應(yīng)用。我們目前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明這樣的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)有能力以高度的準(zhǔn)確性來估計(jì)用戶的位置。12The proliferation of mobile computing devices and local

38、-area wireless networks has fostered a growing interest in location-aware systems and services. A key distinguishing feature of such systems is that the application information and/or interface presented to the user is, in general, a function of his or her physical location. The granularity of locat

39、ion information needed could vary from one application to another. For example, locating a nearby printer requires fairly coarse-grained location information whereas locating a book in a library would require fine-grained information.移動(dòng)計(jì)算設(shè)備和本地區(qū)內(nèi)的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的增長(zhǎng)已培養(yǎng)出了對(duì)位置感知系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)的越來越濃厚的興趣。一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是這類系統(tǒng)是應(yīng)用信息和/或界面提

40、交給用戶，一般來說主要是他或她的物理位置。所需要的位置信息的粒度從一個(gè)應(yīng)用到另一個(gè)來說可能是大不一樣的。舉例來說，尋找一臺(tái)附近的打印機(jī)，需要相當(dāng)粗粒度的位置信息，而在一個(gè)圖書館里定位的一本書，將需要細(xì)粒度信息。13While much research has focused on developing services architectures for location-aware systems (e.g., Maa97,Nel98), less attention has been paid to the fundamental and challenging problem of l

41、ocating and tracking mobile users, especially in in-building environments. The few efforts that have addressed this problem have typically done so in the context of infrared (IR) wireless networks. The limited range of an IR network, which facilitates user location, is a handicap in providing ubiqui

42、tous coverage. Also, the IR network is often deployed for the sole purpose of locating people and does not provide traditional data networking services. To avoid these limitations, we focus on RF wireless networks in our research. Our goal is to complement the data networking capabilities of RF wire

43、less LANs with accurate user location and tracking capabilities, thereby enhancing the value of such networks.14而這方面的研究主要重點(diǎn)集中在了為位置感知系統(tǒng)（例如， Maa97，Nel98 ）開發(fā)服務(wù)體系結(jié)構(gòu)，不大注意一些根本性和具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題如定位與跟蹤移動(dòng)用戶，尤其是一個(gè)封閉性的建筑環(huán)境內(nèi)的用戶。由于幫助用戶定位紅外網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用范圍的局限性，在提供無所不在的覆蓋面上來說是一個(gè)缺陷。此外，紅外網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往是只被部署來定位用戶的，而沒有提供傳統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)。為了避免這樣的局限性，我們專注

44、于研究射頻無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我們的目標(biāo)是為實(shí)現(xiàn)基于射頻無線局域網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)和準(zhǔn)確的用戶定位和跟蹤能力，從而提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用價(jià)值。15In this paper, we present RADAR, an RF-based system for locating and tracking users inside buildings. RADAR uses signal strength information gathered at multiple receiver locations to triangulate the users coordinates. Triangulation is don

45、e using both empirically-determined and theoretically computed signal strength information.在本論文中，我們討論雷達(dá)射頻系統(tǒng)，這套系統(tǒng)定位與跟蹤建筑物內(nèi)的用戶。雷達(dá)利用聚集在多個(gè)接收地點(diǎn)的信號(hào)強(qiáng)度信息，以得到用戶三維定位坐標(biāo)。這個(gè)坐標(biāo)是根據(jù)基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和從理論上計(jì)算出信號(hào)強(qiáng)度的信息來確定的。16 Our experimental results are quite encouraging. With high probability, RADAR is able to estimate a users loc

46、ation to within a few meters of his/her actual location. This suggests that a large class of location-aware services can be built over an RF local-area wireless data network.我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果很鼓舞人心。雷達(dá)能高效率地估計(jì)一個(gè)用戶的位置，而這個(gè)位置只和他/她的實(shí)際位置只相差數(shù)米的距離。這表明，大量的位置感知服務(wù)可以部署在基于射頻的無線數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。17The remainder of this paper is organize

47、d as follows. In Section 2, we survey related work in location determination technologies. In Section 3, we discuss our research methodology. Section 4 contains the core of the paper where we present and analyze the empirical and the signal propagation modeling methods. A discussion of extensions to

48、 the base RADAR system appears in Section 5. Finally, we present our conclusions in Section 6.本文的其它部分的組織結(jié)構(gòu)如下：在第2節(jié)中，我們縱覽關(guān)于位置測(cè)定的技術(shù)。在第3節(jié)中，我們討論研究的方法。而論文第4節(jié)的核心內(nèi)容在于分析經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的和信號(hào)傳播的建模方法。關(guān)于基地雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)展討論出現(xiàn)在第5節(jié)。最后，我們?cè)诘?節(jié)中得出我們的結(jié)論。18 In this paper, we have presented RADAR, a system for locating and tracking users ins

49、ide a building. RADAR is based on empirical signal strength measurements as well as a simple yet effective signal propagation model. While the empirical method is superior in terms of accuracy, the signal propagation method makes deployment easier. We have shown the despite the hostile nature of the

50、 radio channels, we are able to locate and track users with a high degree of accuracy. The median resolution of the RADAR system is in the range of 2 to 3 meters, about the size of a typical office room. Our results indicate that it is possible to build an interesting class of location-aware service

51、s, such as printing to the nearest printer, navigating through a building, etc., on an RF wireless LAN, thereby adding value to such a network. This, we believe, is a significant contribution of our research. Our eventual plan is to combine location information services with the RADAR system and dep

52、loy this within our organization.在這篇文章中，我們已經(jīng)介紹了雷達(dá)RADAR:一種基于射頻的室內(nèi)用戶定位和跟蹤系統(tǒng)。雷達(dá)是基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的信號(hào)強(qiáng)度測(cè)量以及一個(gè)既簡(jiǎn)單又有效的信號(hào)傳播模型。而實(shí)驗(yàn)法在精度上是非常高的，信號(hào)傳播的方法使部署更加容易。我們已經(jīng)證明了，盡管存在其它電臺(tái)頻道信號(hào)的干擾，我們都可以以高度的準(zhǔn)確性定位和跟蹤用戶。雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的平均覆蓋范圍為2至3米，大小約一個(gè)典型的辦公室的樣子。我們的研究結(jié)果表明，基于射頻無線局域網(wǎng)建立一個(gè)有趣的分類的位置感知服務(wù)的可行的，如利用最臨近的打印機(jī)提供打印服務(wù)，建筑物內(nèi)的導(dǎo)航等，從而增加了局域網(wǎng)的使用價(jià)值。我們認(rèn)為，我們的

53、研究是一個(gè)重大的貢獻(xiàn)。我們的最終計(jì)劃是要在我們組織內(nèi)的位置信息服務(wù)與雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)和部署結(jié)合起來。19The proliferation of mobile computing devices and local-area wireless networks has fostered a growing interest in location-aware systems and services. In this paper we present RADAR, a radio-frequency (RF) based system for locating and tracking users i

54、nside buildings. RADAR operates by recording and processing signal strength information at multiple base stations positioned to provide overlapping coverage in the area of interest. It combines empirical measurements with signal propagation modeling to determine user location and thereby enable loca

55、tion aware services and applications. We present experimental results that demonstrate the ability of RADAR to estimate user location with a high degree of accuracy.移動(dòng)計(jì)算設(shè)備和局域網(wǎng)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的激增促成了對(duì)位置感知系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)越來越大的興趣。在本文中，我們提出RADAR，一個(gè)基于射頻的系統(tǒng)來定位和跟蹤在一個(gè)建筑物中的用戶。RADAR通過記錄和處理在多個(gè)基站上的信號(hào)強(qiáng)度信息來操作的。這些基站被定位來提供我們感興趣區(qū)域的重疊覆蓋。它結(jié)合

56、了經(jīng)驗(yàn)測(cè)量和信號(hào)傳播模型來確定用戶的位置，從而使位置感知服務(wù)和應(yīng)用成為可能。我們給出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，這個(gè)結(jié)果能證明RADAR以一個(gè)高準(zhǔn)確率來估計(jì)用戶位置的能力。20In this paper, we present RADAR, an RF-based system for locating and tracking users inside buildings. RADAR uses signal strength information gathered at multiple receiver locations to triangulate the users coordinates. Tr

57、iangulation is done using both empirically-determined and theoretically computed signal strength information.在本文中，我們提出RADAR一個(gè)為了在室內(nèi)（建筑物內(nèi)）定位和跟蹤用戶的基于RF的系統(tǒng)。RADAR使用從多個(gè)接收器位置收集到的信號(hào)強(qiáng)度信息來對(duì)用戶坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行三角測(cè)量。三角測(cè)量是通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)決定和理論計(jì)算信號(hào)強(qiáng)度信息來雙重完成的。21Related work in the area of user location and tracking falls into the following

58、 broad categories: (1) in-building IR networks, (2) wide-area cellular networks (based on RF),and (3) Global Positioning System (GPS).在用戶定位和跟蹤領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)工作可以分為以下幾大類：（1）室內(nèi)IR（紅外）網(wǎng)絡(luò)，（2）廣域蜂窩網(wǎng)絡(luò)（基于RF）和（3）全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）。22The Active Badge system Wan92,Har94 was an early and significant contribution to the field of location-aware systems. In this system, a badge worn by a person emits a unique IR signal every 10 seconds. Sensors placed at known positions within a build